Hard wood Characteristics and application _ Hard wood Specification _ Uses of Hard wood - GharExpert.pdf

8/20/2019 Hard wood Characteristics and application _ Hard wood Specification _ Uses of Hard wood - GharExpert.pdf

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Hard wood Characteristics and applicationWood is still the most popular choice of material for building and other engineering works. As traditional

wood such as teak, deodar etc used in the building work is very rare and costly, so hard wood is used

in the low budget building construction. After seasoning and chemical treatment hard gives best result.

Wood Work

In the building construction, it is most important to

select proper/ right wood work i.e. door windows

frame and shutters. As wood is costly item so one

should be careful about the selection of type of wood

in building constructions. Wood has a great roll in the

beauty and appearance of the building. In general

there are two types of wood used in construction, one

is solid wood and second is ply wood product. In

general in construction work, particularly in houses,

door and windows’ frames and shutters are made of

solid timber. The wood is also used in structure in hilly

areas where plenty of wood is available and other

building material such as bricks, steel etc are costly and there is difficulty of transportation.

Wood or Timber used for construction should be of first grade and be from the heart of a sound tree,

the sap wood being entirely removed. The timber should be free from decay, fungal growth, boxed

heart, pitch pocket or streaks on the splits of exposed edges and cracks. The timber should be free

fr om dead knots, warm holes and warps and be well seasoned. The timber which is used in building

construction is classified below.Wood or Timber used for construction should be of first grade and be

fr om the heart of a sound tree, the sap wood being entirely removed. The timber should be free from

decay, fungal growth, boxed heart, pitch pocket or streaks on the splits of exposed edges and cracks.

The timber should be free from dead knots, warm holes and warps and be well seasoned. The timber

which is used in building construction is classified below.

Hard Wood

Hard wood is non coniferous timber other than teak. This wood is less durable. It will give best result

when it is treated properly with wood preservative and also to be used after kiln seasoning.

Hardwoods are widely used in multiple various fields such as in building construction, furniture making,

flooring and mislaneous work. Solid hardwood joinery is costly as compared to softwood. The cost is

reduced by using hardwood thin veneer bonded to a core of softwood, plywood.

Hard wood is available in the market as Timber logs. If you buy a log then you would need to cut the

log into the required frame sizes and then let the wood season. Seasoning is a process where you let

the moisture in the wood dry to an optimal level. In normal dry warm weather, it is suggested that

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seasoning for about one month is recommended. After seasoning the timber logs, the logs are then

used in the construction work as required.

Hard wood have a smooth surface and can be finished using Paint, Polishing or Varnish

Hard wood is also strong and durable wood that’s why it needs a little maintenance.

Daily care such as wiping the furniture with cloth can provide your furniture a long life.Periodical painting and polishing is required as per the usage of the item

Hardwood, durable and resistance to water. It provides a charming appearance with high

efficiency.Easy to handle, polish and work with.

Polishing can make a good surface and is resistance to termite.

Weight: Hard wood weight range from 800- 900 kg/ cum.

Hardness:It is closer grained, tough and durable.

Termite effect:It immune to white ant and insects attack for long period. How ever not always

immune from fungus attack.

Durability:It is strong and durable wood.

Color Range:Brownish grey color.

For more details about purchasing guide line of wood/ timber see the link below

http://www.gharexpert.com/articles/Raw-Material-1590/Purchasing-Guidelines-Timber_0.aspx

(http://www.gharexpert.com/articles/Raw-Material-1590/Purchasing-Guidelines-Timber_0.aspx)

Hard wood door shutter

Doors work like solid barriers in a wall opening. They are used for access between rooms and

maintaining the privacy. These doors consist of two parts - frame and shutter. Wood is still the most

popular choice of material for construction of door and windows. There are various type of wood usedin the manufacturing of doors such as teak, deodar, chir, sal, hard wood etc. Due to price rise teak and

deodar wood is rarely used. Hard wood door are used these days as per easily availability and low

price.

Door design for hard wood doors:-There are various designs available in wooden doors:

Paneled Door

Ply Paneled Door

Flush Door

Half Panel and Half Glazed Door

Glazed Door

Wire gauze Door

Ledged/Braced & Battened Door

Louvered Door

http://www.gharexpert.com/articles/Raw-Material-1590/Purchasing-Guidelines-Timber_0.aspx


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Paneled Hard Wood Door Designs

There are four primary types of paneled door design as

Panel Door

Solid Core Door

Hollow Metal Insulated Door

Hollow Core Wood Door

Panel Door

Consists of wooden panels or boards fixed onto a frame surrounded by wood

stiles and railing; panels can be made from solid wood or plywood. Panel

doors can consist of one to six wooden panels; but this may be increased.

Different types of panels can be used such as plywood, solid timber or glass

of various designs and thickness.Single panel door

The framing for the single panel door comprises of two stiles (vertical member), a top

and bottom rail (horizontal members), all of which are of same thickness.

Double panel door

It consists of two wooden panels with additional middle rail or stile that divides the frame

into two parts.

Door with three panels

It consists of three wooden panels which include two middle rails or stiles.

Door with six panelsIt consists of six wooden panels including three middle stiles and four middle rails divide

the frame into six parts of same thickness.

Double-leaf doors with six panels

They consist of two frames with three panels each.

Partly paneled and partly glazed door

It consists of glass panels along with wooden panels. The glass panels are held in place

by the use of fixed moldings.

Solid Core Door

It consists of a solid lumber core, compressed wooden fiber core, or rigid foam boardlaminated on plywood or metal facing.

Hollow Metal Insulated Door

It consists of welded sheet metal. Mineral or cement board (fire resistant or rigid foam

board/insulation) is usually added as a core

Hollow Core Wooden Door

It consists of a plywood ( press board) and a honeycomb wood ( paper interior

core)

Hollow core wooden doors are usually for interior use only.

Since homes have several doors to enter or exit, it is important to look at theefficiency of these doors. This can be done by selecting an efficient door.


4/12

Note: These doors come in a set of standard sizes width: 24, 28, 30, 32, 34,

36 and height: 78, 80, 82 and thickness: 1 3/8, 1 3/4 and 2 (all measurements

in inches).

Hard wood window

Various types of windows are mentioned below:

Awning window

Casement Window

Single Hung Windows

Double-hung Window

Gliding Window

Single Hung Windows

Pictured/Fixed Window

Bay & Bow Window

Awning window:

These windows are hinged at the top of the wall

and open out at the bottom using a crank handle.

This window offers a unique style, energy

efficiency, low maintenance and durability.

Such windows are designed to circulate air during rainy season.

The window blocks reduce the heat of the sun and protect furniture, carpets and other

indoor items against sun.

Casement window:These windows are generally placed at one side of the wall and usually opens outwards

like a door. The windows give you proper views from top-to-bottom and side-to-side. Easy

to operate and locks tightly providing greater security. Casement windows provide full

ventilation to a room.

Single Hung Windows:

Single hung windows are typically the same as double hung windows. However in a

single-hung window the lower sash (sash is a movable part of the window) opens upwards

while the upper sash remains fixed to the wall.

This window opens vertically providing ventilation. Curved moldings provide elegant lookand soft design lines add beauty to your home.

The upper sash is fixed and the other sash can be removed for cleaning and

maintenance. Ventilation limit locks add security allowing windows to remain partially

open.

Double-hung window:

This window has two sashes (sash means a movable part of the window) both sashes

operate vertically. Both sashes provide maximum ventilation to a room.

Double-hung-windows are opened without consuming exterior space.

These hung windows are easy to maintain for cleaning. Ventilation limit locks add security

allowing windows to remain partially open. This window does not take extra space while

opening towards the wall.

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5/12

Gliding window:

Such windows have two sashes (sash means movable part of the window) which open

horizontally and pass over each other. This window is easy to operate and , provides a

stylish look to a wall. The simply designed window provides reliability and durability. Both

sashes operate for maximum ventilation and for easy cleaning. Generally, these are

placed at some height on the walls, especially in homes with children.Pictured / Fixed window:

These types of windows are usually fixed and cannot be opened .Such windows do not

provide ventilation to a room. Fixed frame windows are good looking and are only for

decorative purposes. This window provides beautiful look to the room where it is

installed. This window is great source of sunlight. Fixed windows are generally used to see

the outside view.

Bay&Bow window:

Bay & Bow windows are combinations of three or more windows projecting outwards from

a room . This window gives a curved look Such a window increases the area of a room

and provides extra space to a room which add grace to the room . It increases the flow of

light into a room.This window gives attractive and beautiful look for enjoying the beauty of

nature.

Skylight Window:

Skylight Window usually opens outwards and it is faced towards sun. This window is an

ideal choice for humid environments such as bathrooms and kitchens where the finishing

makes them totally water resistant. This window is smooth and it is easily operated.

Central hinges hold the opened window firmly. The window presents the full face of it

towards the sky to let in the maximum sunlight. This window is smooth and it is easily

operated. Central hinges hold the opened window firmly. This window provides Total Light

and Sound Proofing. The design of the window allows easy cleaning and using the room

below.

;

Purchasing Guidelines for Timber

(/tips/articles/Construction/1590/Raw-Material-1590-Purchasing-Guidelines-Timber_0)Timber should be of first grade and be free from decay, fungal growth, boxed heart, pitch

pocket or streaks on the split

http://www.gharexpert.com/tips/articles/Construction/1590/Raw-Material-1590-Purchasing-Guidelines-Timber_0


6/12

Cedar Wood (/tips/articles/Construction/2383/Raw-Material-2383-Cedar-Wood_0)

For any construction wood is very major raw material and Cedar wood is one of most common type of

wood to be used making in door, window, frames and furniture. Here in this article we will discuss

more about cedar wood.

Density of Coarse Aggregate(/tips/articles/Construction/2285/Raw-Material-2285-Density-Coarse-Aggregate_0)

Aggregate which occupy nearly 80 to 85 % volume of concrete are most important part of the

concrete or RCC.

Buying tips for Brick Blast(/tips/articles/Construction/2284/Raw-Material-

2284-Buying-tips-Brick-Blast_0)You need to know these tips to buy Brick Blast for the construction of your home or commercial

building.

Buying tips for Bricks

(/tips/articles/Construction/2282/Raw-Material-2282-Buying-tips-Bricks_0)

Before you buy bricks for home, office or any sort of construction follow these tips to ensure quality

construction.

http://www.gharexpert.com/tips/articles/Construction/2282/Raw-Material-2282-Buying-tips-Bricks_0http://www.gharexpert.com/tips/articles/Construction/2284/Raw-Material-2284-Buying-tips-Brick-Blast_0http://www.gharexpert.com/tips/articles/Construction/2285/Raw-Material-2285-Density-Coarse-Aggregate_0http://www.gharexpert.com/tips/articles/Construction/2383/Raw-Material-2383-Cedar-Wood_0


7/12

Buying tips for stone ballast(/tips/articles/Construction/2276/Raw-Material-2276-Buying-tips-stone-ballast_0)

Stone ballast or stone metal is important material used in construction of building and roads. The

strength of the struc

What is asphalt: Read about bitumen(/tips/articles/Construction/2275/Raw-Material-

2275-What-asphalt-Read-about-bitumen_0)What is bitumen, read the article and have full knowledge of its uses in construction and types of

bitumen.

Advantages of Kota Stone Flooring(/tips/articles/Construction/342/Kota-Stone-Flooring-342-Advantages-Kota-Stone-Flooring_0)

Kota stone flooring is a subtle blend of grandeur and luxury giving the interior and exterior a

gorgeous look.......

Orientation of Building(/tips/articles/Construction/2009/Layout-House-Plans-2009-Orientation-Building_0)

http://www.gharexpert.com/tips/articles/Construction/2009/Layout-House-Plans-2009-Orientation-Building_0http://www.gharexpert.com/tips/articles/Construction/342/Kota-Stone-Flooring-342-Advantages-Kota-Stone-Flooring_0http://www.gharexpert.com/tips/articles/Construction/2275/Raw-Material-2275-What-asphalt-Read-about-bitumen_0http://www.gharexpert.com/tips/articles/Construction/2276/Raw-Material-2276-Buying-tips-stone-ballast_0


8/12

To get maximum ventilation and natural light in your house, make

sure the building is properly oriented. Orientation of building

saves energy and provides comfortable living as well. This article

tells you about various factors and benefits of building orientation.

Kitchen Pictures(/tips/articles/Interiors/1964/Kitchen-1964-Kitchen-Pictures_0)

Preview some of the most impressive pictures of kitchen from GharExpert Gallery.

Types of Roofing(/tips/articles/Construction/933/Roofing-Ceiling-933-Types-Roofing_0)

A solid roof on building is very important for everybody living in the house. The roof

should be constructed in a way that assures you great safety. Here are given details

about different types of roofing.

Door and Window Frames(/tips/articles/Construction/993/Door-Frames-993-

Door-Window-Frames_0)

http://www.gharexpert.com/tips/articles/Construction/993/Door-Frames-993-Door-Window-Frames_0http://www.gharexpert.com/tips/articles/Construction/933/Roofing-Ceiling-933-Types-Roofing_0http://www.gharexpert.com/tips/articles/Interiors/1964/Kitchen-1964-Kitchen-Pictures_0


9/12

Frames of doors and windows are most important parts of your doors and windows.

They are available in different size, height, width and shapes. Frames hold locks and

hinges and support door and windows to shut and open easily. Here is what you need to

know about different doors and windows frames.

Type of Steel Bars(/tips/articles/Construction/1021/Steel-1021-Type-Steel-Bars_0)

Different steel bars are recommended for their relative tensile

stresses.Steel bars are major components of construction.Here is

what you need to know about steel bars (Sariya).

Vastu and Brahmasthan(/tips/articles/Vastu/1717/Vastu-Shastra-1717-Vastu-Brahmasthan_0)

Brahmasthan is a powerful zone of the house. It should have open space for flow of

energy in the house. The positive energy is very useful for living beings of the occupants

of the house.

Brick Work (/tips/articles/Construction/841/Brick-Walls,-Pillars-Structure-841-Brick-Work_0)

http://www.gharexpert.com/tips/articles/Construction/841/Brick-Walls,-Pillars-Structure-841-Brick-Work_0http://www.gharexpert.com/tips/articles/Vastu/1717/Vastu-Shastra-1717-Vastu-Brahmasthan_0http://www.gharexpert.com/tips/articles/Construction/1021/Steel-1021-Type-Steel-Bars_0


10/12

Brick work is an important part of construction work done with the help of bricks and

cement mortar. It is done with different quality of bricks with different ratios of cement

mortar according to the requirement.

Vastu for Living Room(/tips/articles/Interiors/1058/Drawing-Room-1058-Vastu-Living-Room_0)

Living room or Drawing room should be located in east or north direction. The ideal location

of a living room depends on plot facing.

Bathroom Shower Doors(/tips/articles/Interiors/1076/Bathroom-1076-Bathroom-Shower-Doors_0)

Are you remodeling your bathroom? Bathroom shower doors make your

bathroom a style icon. Read the following article that will help you select

the bathroom shower door that will exactly suit your bathroom.

http://www.gharexpert.com/tips/articles/Interiors/1076/Bathroom-1076-Bathroom-Shower-Doors_0http://www.gharexpert.com/tips/articles/Interiors/1058/Drawing-Room-1058-Vastu-Living-Room_0


11/12

Ratio of Cement and Sand for ‘Plastering’(/tips/articles/Construction/1038/Cement-Plastering-1038-Ratio-Cement-

Sand-‘Plastering’_0)Without knowing perfect mixture of cement and sand you can not achieve your goal.

Purchasing Guidelines for Cement(/tips/articles/Construction/986/Cement-986-Purchasing-Guidelines-Cement_0)

Manufacturing date, grade and type play vital role in purchasing right cement and there should be no

lumps in it.

Bricks Quality

(/tips/articles/Construction/947/Bricks-947-Bricks-Quality_0)

First Class Bricks must be homogeneous in texture without showing appreciable sign of efflorescence.

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Documents

Hard wood Characteristics and application _ Hard wood Specification _ Uses of Hard wood - GharExpert.pdf