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8/2/2019 Hargeisa Waste Management System
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Prepared by Hamse Ali Yusuf
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Faculty of computer science
Researcher Methodology
Lecturer: Mahmud Hussein
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Hargeisa waste management system
especially the garbage
Class: year three
Name: Hamse Ali Yusuf
Deadline: 16/02/2012
Hargeisa waste management system especially the garbage
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Copyright 2012
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a
Retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic,
Mechanical, photocopying, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Hamse
Ali Yusuf except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and
reviews
Introduction:-
Special thanksFirst Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the Worlds, the Most Merciful, theMost Compassionate, the Master of the Day of Judgement. I bear witnessthat there is no god but He, the Lord of the earlier and later generations and
Sustainer of heaven and earth. Peace and blessings be upon the one who wassent as a Mercy to the worlds. I bear witness that he is the Messenger of
Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). Peace and blessings be uponhim, upon all his Family and Companions, and upon those who believe in his
guidance and follow in his footsteps until the Day of Judgment.Secondly thanks to dear teacher who to reach me this way of prepping aresearch
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The waste management system in everywhere at the world it is
fundamental work for public service issue and national health security that
depend to do first the responsibility of local government and the who work
collective garbage as business under legal provision, and attain efficiency of
garbage trucks or compaction trucks also transfer locations recycled points
and land fill including incineration although dumpsites we can say that is
waste management system required for anywhere can, but particularly Ill
try to look most theme of my this article how is Hargeisa waste
management is like?
Demonstrate area our assignment research about is as below
1-The amount of waste production in Hargeisa per day or per month2-Kind of waste3-Hargeisa: Solid Waste4-How the local government mange all these waste5-Looking and Investigating
- Waste disposal system- Cost of money- Waste distribution in the city
6-Conclusion and recommended idea
This is the question we need to answer
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What does garbage cause and what causes us to have garbage?
Garbage is things that people do not want anymore, cannot find a use for,
or have agreed with society that it is worthless. For example a pen without
ink. Dont think and to the garbage it goes. But it is plastic (most times) and
can be reused because man made it, they can use it again for somethingelse. Most people throw away things that can be used so many more times
like that soup bottle made out of metal. They throw it in the trash when it
should be recycled. People in olden day didnt have garbage really.
Nowadays man has made more things that are disposable which means
more garbage and more pollution as a result. People should care about what
they throw away and what they recycle because it could mean life or death
one day in the near future if nothing is done.
According to the all these we mentioned above to keep all current routine
activities consistently where to make better method of work in Hargeisa
there is local government and two residual companies those who work
together the cleaning of city and collect the garbage mostly the five sub-
district of Hargeisa city individually and separately,
1-Local government (municipality )2-Sabawanaag Hargeisa sanitation service company3-DhisThe municipal or local government have signed legal contract both two
company we mentioned above to collect the garbage in the city and all
solid west management and give the budget for certain area they are
demarcated them such like where habitant of IDPS and public intuitionsand government central office although the last seven years the
municipal wasnt work this field but only these two companies were
cooperate
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1- The amount of waste production in Hargeisa per month and per day or peryear in some district of Hargeisa southern parts and central market sub
division that the sabowang group or( team ) always work they told me the
sum of production
Operation manager and two district supervisors and market also community
police they said 14 homes to react per day where 7 homes pursuit each the
day and enter agreement of garbage collection and disposal to designated
national dumpsite where is it necessary to obtain suitable collection point
nearest by each sub district from the two main districts, but briefly the amount
of waste in average mostly are as below
No. of loads/Day No. of Tones/day No. of L/month No. of T/m No. of L/year No. of T/year13-15Lds 78-90T 390-450 2,340-2,700T 4,680-5,400 28,080-32,400
The collection plan is 300 homes collect one donkey or motorcycle where the
donkey car collects the garbage each of 100 homes by a day and it collect each
home the garbage two times per a week, and donkey car driver makes punch hole
the punch hole can at the each home the collection schedule as monitory
evaluation measure once. Source (sabowanag officer interview).
In addition top of that sabowanag and Dhis always have specific garbage or waste
they permanently clean up the city individually, and item these garbage might be
plastic bags or paper garbage including the food wastes which generates for
business centers such like restaurants and hotels, and they manage by the
process of collection to the transfer points or stations until they carry out to the
landfill and legal dumpsites those who remarked by the local government
planning , in order the main sources of house hold might generate mostly are
plastic bags food remains and use charcoal deposits (danbas), and the businesscenters produces organic matter and spoil food including the system they take
the service charge is obviously daily and billing system they charge 700-100 per
daily and 10000-30000 for each group but they didnt specify us how about the
business.
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The amount of west production per day that the Dhis campany always have
collect in certain area of their field work they collect 18 loads at northern parts of
the city such like Gacanlibaax and 26june including kodbuur mostly kind of waste
they collect is plastic bags and organic waste comes from household and
businesses liquid wests and spoil food remains at
2-The kind of wasteSomaliland country entirely there is specific kind of waste but
particularly in Hargeisa has 30% is plastic bags and 10% of Qat remains
leaves (garabo) ,plastic bottles 20% those who generates soft drinks
and water small bottles The sources of garbage in urban centers are the
households, commercial centers/market areas, industries, institutions
street waste and those resulting from demolition and construction works
etc.
residential and commercially waste constitute the largest source of both
solid and liquid waste, problems related to poorly managed garbage is
unsightliness, vector and rodents which transition during the per capital
production of waste in Somaliland is estimated at 0.45kg per person/day.
Collection, storage, transport and disposal of solid are highly rudimentary
due to set of factors including lack of qualified personnel and inadequateunskilled crews to lead sanitation disposal procedures, transport,
temporary garbage at collection points and inadequate or poorly used
terminal dumpsites and in most instance open dumping, is practiced due to
low level of public education and information and law-enforcement. No
land fill operations or incineration system is used in almost all urban
centers., the situation is favorably better than it was before ten years ago,
given that the country is peaceful and stable and authorities and citizens at
least mind to take responsibility to the tasks that are ascribed to them. Themost pressing priorities include the following but not limited to
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Hargeisa: Solid Waste
Hargeisa city population is 700,000 persons per capita production of garbage in
city (all inclusive street, household, commercial and industrial wastes).0.45kg per
person/ day (Hargeisa city health profile assessments survey document healthy
city initiative 2008). People with access to sanitary facilities is 42% (M, CS, 2007),
and people with access cafe, water supply 41% (M.C.S).Poor sanitation related and water borne: Diseases (MOHL Annual/ reports 2005 &
2006).
Diarrhea Diseases rank the second in the top ten diseases morbidity and
mortality. Waste handling practice (collection, storage transportation and
disposal) are highly rudimentary and there is no inter Medical Dump Site. Waste
disposal terminal sites (open dumping) and poorly managed large dug pits found
on observation located on landscape depression are subject to lead
contamination of surface and ground water. Integrated quality control for food
and water consumption is lacking.
Hargeisa municipality contracted out garbage collection in the city by two private
companies:
1 DHIS private company is responsible for garbage collection from the northern
part of the city.
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2 Sabawanaag private is responsible for garbage removal from the southern part
of the city.
DHIS removes 22 loads, of Solid waste each day municipality wants to relieve the
burden of work form DHIS by taking assignment on garbage removal ensure part
of the northern location of the city form temporary dump sites. Sabawanaag
removes 18 loads of Solid waste per day from the householders, streets &
temporary dump sites.
The transportation of waste is done by tipper trucks to two terminal dump sites
located in the north of the city and south of the city, the private companies were
instructed to buy 10 plots by each of them for temporary garbage collection
points-dump sites. So for, this has not been materialized. As part of our efforts to
improve efficiency of the garbage collection from the city we have ordered 12
trailers from China in order to enhance the efficiency of the mechanized
machinery. The mayor indicated that neither reducing the garbage at the source
nor recycling system is in use the cutting edge of recycling the solid waste is the
level of cost- recovery which provides a very minimal salvageable value in relation
to investment (cost) in recycling. Hence, in the management of garbage the
system of sustainability is a major issue of concern.
The Honorable Mayor indicated that the most drastic product of the Solid waste is
the plastic bags/ containers that are thrown away. WFP participates in the
collection of plastic bag through food for work program but on ad-hoc basis. Both
technical and financial constraints impede the removal of garbage from the city
effectively he concluded. In the slaughter house, the major has indicated that thegood sanitary operating practices are well maintained by the private company
who runs the slaughterhouse. Finally the mayor has assigned one of his sanitation
officers to take us to the dump site located north to the city (15km away).
Burcoa: Solid Waste
Visit to Burao town Garbage terminal dumpsite
During the environmental health assessment mission we have visited Burao town
waste disposal site. The garbage terminal dumpsite located at 7km and
southwards of Burao town, the terminal dumpsite was a large excavated dugdumpsite used for the disposal of solid wastes, in a semi-controlled tipping. We
have seen that tipper trucks carrying solid wastes directly dumping inside the dug
pit the tipper trucks are owned by Burao municipality. The site was guarded by
site supervisors who were responsible to oversee and monitor that tipper trucks
have dumped the loads of garbage into the pit. The solid waste was properly
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dumped into the excavated semi-land fill operated dumpsite. The disposal
procedure of the garbage in Burao town was better managed than the one in
Hargeisa. There were no birds or wild animals roaming in the disposal site. The
disposal site itself and the garbage has constituted a minimal public health threat
to the town resident population or to those who live in far located areas at least
for the time being. The system of garbage disposal in Burao town can be easily
turned into sanitary landfill method provided some investment and machinery is
made available. This will in turn become a model to be followed by other
municipalities of Somaliland.
This truck picks up several loads of the solid waste a day from the City of Buroa,
Somaliland. The serious nature of the solid waste threat in every big city of the
whole country and the environmental needs have been presented in our salient
discussions. The lack of efficiency, sufficient funds, or commitment and effectivestrategy to deal with the municipal and industrial waste was evident. Every local
and international NGOs we had interviewed made similar comment when it
comes to the waste issue. There were general consensuses that the local
governments in these different regions were not adequately handling their end of
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the bargain in managing the waste problem. Likewise, the local government was
pointing the finger to a different and passing the blame. Though some of these
shortcomings were due to shortage of funds, it was lack of an effective strategy
and commitment on the part of the local government to enforce the regulations
and follow up with a study on how well their strategy was working.
This failure, on the major part, is the lack of environmental policies and effective
vision on how to control waste while following well defined regulations to meet
the challenge. Another explanation could be that, although some environmental
policies are preventive, most have focused on cleaning up messes after the fact-
what the environmentalists call end of pipe solutions3. Preventive and
proactive measures should be taken to protect the environmental damages. It is
not enough to address problems only after they have become so obvious that
they cannot be ignored often, literally waiting for the dead bodies to appear or
for coastlines to disappear into the ocean.
Borama: Borama town sanitation
The town is generally poor in sanitation for the production of garbage and its
removal are not proportionally matching accumulated garbage is seen in and
around the quarters of the town, although, the municipal administration of the
town who is the caretaker of the sanitation do strive to promote town
sanitation.The dumpsite for the terminal disposal of the solid wastes locates
about 3 3.5km north of Borama town at the junction of the beginning of river
valley (Dry River). It is indiscriminately dumped inside the large natural depression
and around its surroundings outside the depression/garbage dumpsite. The
danger of pollution of water sources is absolutely unavoidable, even though the
solid waste was removed from the town and dumped in far away waste pit. Now
the pit is nearly being filled up with garbage and new site is needed.
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This man (truck driver) was explaining to us, during our visit to the site, that it was
very difficult to pick up the waste from all places in the City of Borama because of
financial difficulties that the local government was facing. There were no enough
trucks to pick up the waste; not enough gasoline was provided by the local
government to make more than three trips a day; and there were no enough
incentives for the men who were loading and loading the waste with their bare
hands. For example, this man on the top of the truck makes something like less
than $0.4 a day (less than 40 cents). No one could live on or feed his family with
this kind of income.
Erigavo town Solid Waste
A similar situation to that of Borama town prevails in Erigavo town. However,
Erigavo town is one of the cleanest towns in Somaliland for the municipality takes
its responsibility to keep the town clean, and closely works with and takes advice
from the regional sanitation officer, Mr. Mohamoud Barre Dualeh. The only major
problem is that the dumpsite is a natural depression and is partly protected by
fence, which is up now being filled. Therefore, a new terminal dumpsite is
urgently needed.
Lasanod town Solid Waste
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Lasanod is perhaps the worst in solid and liquid waste management there is no
official care taker of the solid waste, although, the municipality is entitled to do so
and is minimally involved at least to organize clean up campaign with the
participation of the resident population of the town. The garbage collection and
disposal was previously implemented by a local NGO called SAVO headed by the
late engineer Said Abdi. Since his death in 2005, things have fallen apart. The
dumpsite is open land in between two small hills located north east of Lasanod.
The poor sanitation condition can be easily accessed by large
quantities of flies that are always remains a menace to sanitation and hygiene
standards. Only Lasanod town cannot be associated with abundance of field, but
also, Berbera, Borama and even Burao and Hargeisa do host such disease carrying
vector in large quantities according to seasonal climate changes. All in all we need
to improve our sanitation to the highest standards with our own efforts and
resources appeal the international community, for urgent assistance both
technically and financially. In summary, waste reduction at the source is not
practically used at all levels, so also, neither sorting nor recycling is in use.
Garbage burning in dumpsites is not in practice. While sorting of hazardous
wastes and disposing it separately is not employed in all situations including
hospitals and industrials waste. Finally, the general consensus of the public and
government is that concerted efforts and collaborative actions must applied
collectively to keep our cities towns rural settlements and environment clean,
safe, pollution, free, aesthetic, healthful and pleasing. Hence, our expectations
should match realities through action of the citizens of the nation as whole.
While sorting of hazardous wastes and disposing it separately is not employed inall situation including hospitals and industrials waste. Finally, the general
consensus of the public and government is that concerted efforts and
collaborative actions must applied collectively to keep our cities towns rural
settlements and environment clean, safe, pollution, free, aesthetic, healthful and
pleasing. Hence, our expectations should match realities through action of the
citizens of the nation as whole.
Inventory
Sanitation equipments/facilities & machinery in the town
Region: City/town machinery dumpsitesMaroodi jeex Hargeisa 12 Tip per trucks 2
Bulldozer
Gabiley 1 tipper truck 1 Togwajaale 1 tipper truck 1
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Awdal Borama 2 tipper trucks 1 Sahil Berbera 2 tipper trucks 1 Togdheer Burao 4 tipper trucks 1 Sanag Erigavo 2 tipper trucks 1
Non-mechanized inventories such as, donkey carts, wheel-barrows, shovels and
rakes are available for use, but are limited.
Liquid wastes in major urban centers
Liquid wastes here are referred waste water from domestic waste water, closet,
septic tank, latrine, laundries, hotels,flushing etc, for practical purposes and from
public health point of view, these waste water should be considered sewage
(waste water) and containing pathogens from latrines septic tanks, bathroom
showers, wash basins, from clothes washing, dish washing etc or otherwise
should be treated. In Somaliland, such waste water is neither treated nordisposed of sanitarily in oxidation ponds. Vacuum tanker trucks carrying waste
water from latrines, septic tanks and soak away pits spill over in open land fields
especially valleys. The contaminated waste water (leachate) reaches to
contaminate underground water through subsurface absorption system or is
washed away by rainfall run off(rain storms) water into shallow wells, dams, in
this practice is common in all urban settings we need introducing a system of
waste water treatment and reuse.
Hargeisa Slaughterhouse
We met the slaughterhouse management body, who gave us comprehensiveinformation on the slaughterhouse ownership, facilities equipments operations
and compliance with sanitary and hygiene procedures and standards
(regulations). Good Sanitary operating Practices were observed.
Inspections/observation
Location of the slaughterhouse: located in the eastern edge of the city with no
zoning restrictions in place. Buildings and dwellings are as close as less than 100
meters to the site. Premises and infrastructure: Premises is protected by fence,
buildings, work blocks and cemented concrete platforms for slaughtering animals
in good repair, smooth, clean and had lighting, ventilation and adequate drainagefor sewage and liquid waste disposal system. Septic tanks and refuse, offal
manure, non-edible parts, condemned meats disposed of separately.
Health of livestock heads for slaughtering (Animals Health)
Disease free from anti-mortem veterinary inspection and meat supplied to the
market is certified for quality assurance by veterinary post-mortem permits.
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Water supply: the borehole was under repair and maintenance at the time of the
visit. Water tankernig trucks supply water to the slaughterhouse with cost $250
per day. Struck tankers x 50 barrels x 200 liters = 50,000 liters/day.
Transportation: 6 transport vehicles used only for edible meat, some of them
equipped with cooling system, found clean and hygienic, meat wrapped and
protected.
Overall slaughterhouse sanitation and hygiene
In animal slaughtering areas, a high degree of cleanliness of the slaughterhouse is
maintained and personnel observe hygienic safe practices. At the time of the visit,
the slaughterhouse was clean and adequate water and cleaning agents and
chemicals have been used, effluent biological liquid water sewage drained into
water tight septic tanks. No overflow of septic tanks to the dry-riverbed nor
2.6.1 Hargeisa: Generated Blood and Biohazard Waste:
Inside the slaughterhouse was clean and well managed. It is operated by a private
company with partnership with the local government. The blood and the animal
parts and waste are removed by trucks and located to the earth catchments
shown in the above pictures. Offensive odors observed on inspection in the site.
Two vacuum tanker trucks remove sewage from the septic tanks and thehazardous biological waste are poured into open cesspools/ditches with overflow
liquid drains into low lands, gullies and rivers that lead to contaminate extensive
areas. The sewage disposal ditches are located near the Nasahablood hills. The
lagoons are poorly designed unprotected and allowed to drain liquid into the
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entire basin of watershed areas lying below towards the lagoons. Wild brid/
animals and other carnivores swim in the pools and feed on the refuse and other
organic (biological) wastes that are indiscriminately dumped near the cesspools.
There is high possibility of epizone diseases outbreak affecting the population
living in adjacent or far places in the downstream. Need to construct proper
oxidation ponds which should be treated and protected.
Management and ownership
The slaughterhouse is owned and managed by a private company called
Mandeeq. The premises are owned by Hargeisa municipality and the company
has invested to expand the slaughterhouse. Hargeisa municipality ensures legal
enforcement for the use of slaughterhouse in slaughtering animals by the public.
Slaughtering animals outside the slaughterhouse is illegal and carries penalty
personnel of the slaughterhouse: 96 persons. Butchers have code numbers to
slaughter animals in the slaughterhouse that are strictly observed and followed.
The whole premises were free from insects and rodents.
Number of animals slaughterhouse per/day
1. Sheep/goats: 1000 heads
2. Cattle: 60 cows/heads
3. Camels: 30 camels/heads
Solid wastes
Remnants or the unwanted parts of the slaughtered animals, offal manure and
other solids were cleaned from the slaughterhouse premises and have been
thrown crudely in open dumpsites (separate place or where garbage is of
dumped) attracting fleets of car rivers birds and animals with resultant high level
environmental pollution. No recycling system has been ever used.
Liquid waste
Liquid waste is emptied from septic tanks in the slaughterhouse and poured into
open pools up to the level of overflow, where flooded biological liquid wastes
drain into down streams/open lands (Hargeisa). The overflow design of liquid
wastes from the slaughterhouse into downstream valleys and open fields is the
norm of practice to dispose of liquid wastes from slaughterhouses. Burao, Borama
and Berbera slaughterhouses do the same. No standard sanitary disposal system
for solid and liquid wastes in both private (commercial) slaughtering (Hargeisa
slaughterhouse) and municipal slaughtering houses has been established to meet
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minimum sanitary and hygiene standards for compliance in the design,
construction and operation of slaughtering houses as meat plants under
regulatory-framework formulated to protect public health safety, and welfare.
The lagoon system combined with initiative solid screening, biological effluent,
treatment systems sludge (composting) for testing recycling to produce fertilizers
as important measures.
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Hargeisa: Blood from the slaughterhouse stored in an earth catchment near Nasa Hablood
The above pictures and the proceeding ones from different waste sites
demonstrate a great damage and colossal negligence to the environment and the
high risk it poses to the public, who depends on it for survival. Clearly, these open
landfills of both solid and liquid wastes, including human and animal daily wastes,
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impact the environment and the ecological systems surrounding all big towns and
cities in the entire country. Even though the country is not heavily industrialized,
the uncontrolled municipal, agricultural and industrial wastes are being scattered
everywhere and every space available. Often these wastes are directly washed or
are flooded into the rivers and deep into the local drinking water. Most people
and their livestock drink from hand-dig, shallow water wells or directly from the
rivers, Brakeds and other water catchments, especially during the rainy seasons.
There are no effective environmental assessments carried out regarding whether
the potential toxic exposure from these open waste sites find their ways into the
public food chain and into the breathing air. There are no environmental health
and exposure assessment agencies that are equipped to established methods of
exposure assessments and sampling techniques that could examine what the
public being exposed to through air, soil, water, food or through occupation.
Furthermore, population continue to increase, more people are being forced into
the big cities by poverty looking for jobs. Domestic waste and industrial waste will
continue to increase exponentially. Countries to Somalia, In addition, there
reports of extensive illegal export of hazardous toxic wastes, including radioactive
waste, from industrial to Somalia. There are also growing local industries inside
the country that are remained unregulated even though they have the potential
to pollute the environment. Such industries include two leather tanning and
producing factories in Dacarbudhuq, between Hargeisa and Barbera and many
more such as soap producing industries that are scattered in the country without
being monitored. These new factories, whether they produce leather, water,
cloth, plastic bags or furniture, do not spend a dime on shouldering the burden ofsafe disposal in order to protecting the environment and the public. These
safeguard includes building modern landfills, maybe one in every region where
the waste could be managed. Such directive should require the manufactures,
restaurants and other businesses, under the leadership of the local governments
or independent agencies, to set up an infrastructure to collect the waste. It goes
without saying, therefore, that, in the absence of regulations, and without proper
landfills or waste treatment plants, this waste here and in the whole country will
be out of control and the public remains at the mercy of such exposure.
2.6.2 Burao town slaughterhouse
Burao town slaughterhouse has been constructed in an open sky slaughterhouse
design without roofing or rooms the slaughtering plots for sheep/goats, camels or
cows have been having concrete floors, are drained and clean at the time of our
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inspection visit the cleaning operation of the slaughterhouse was in progress or
going on while the slaughterhouse was observed relatively clean inside. However,
the sanitary condition of the slaughterhouse for the disposal of liquid wastes was
extremely a real threat to the whole environment around the slaughterhouse and
entire basin of the dry river and along its further tip in the downstream. The
septic tanks that are constructed many years for the collection and
decomposition of liquid wastes have been destroyed and were no longer in use as
soak away pits. Therefore, the liquid waste from the slaughterhouse is drained
into the dry river bed (Togdheer river bed) and to the furthest point in the
downstream. This has constituted an alarming public health hazard to the whole
population of the town and to the communities who are living far located areas
along the banks of the river or those who get water from the shallow wells
located along the river banks or inside the river bed. The slaughterhouse in Burao
town needs immediate relocation and redevelopment into modern
slaughterhouse through proper design and construction of new one.
Ownership & Management: Burao Municipality
Number of personnelNumber of animals slaughtered:
Sheep and goats: 750 heads
Camels: 25 heads
Cows: 00 heads
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Borama Current slaughterhouse
Borama slaughterhouse is the open sky traditional type construction of
slaughterhouse. It locates south east of the town near the valley and the dry river
called Qorgab, where a large number of shallow well locate to provide water
supplies to a large portion of the town population, as well as, to rural and
pastoralist communities. The slaughterhouse resembles that of Barbera or Burao
town in the aspect of sanitation and hygiene standards and capacity to handle the
number of slaughtered animals in the slaughterhouse per day. The
slaughterhouse is constrained by lack of water supply for cleanliness and the hard
crust of the earth where it locates has made difficult to dug and construct septic
tanks for sewage, hence, the sewage overflows on open land and drains into the
Qorgab valley and river bed leading to constantly contaminate the shallow wells
water. But now, a new slaughterhouse is being built and the problem will be
solved in the near future at least partially.
Number of heads slaughtered
1. Sheep and goats: 130 heads
2. Cattle 20 heads
3. Camels 5 heads
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The waste from the slaughterhouse is separated at different steps. The solid
waste is collected at the first collection point and will be transported to an open
earth catchment where is treated with bacteria to break down the waste. The
waste will be eventually used as a fertilizer. Any remaining fatty material will be
removed at the second chamber before the septic tank and is added to the solid
waste. The liquid waste passes through septic tank and will be released into an
open field where it will be absorbed into the soil. The unanswered question,
however, is whether this liquid is safe to be released into the soil. It was not clear
from the conversation I had with Dr. Wamalwa Kinyanjjui, hygiene consultant for
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FAO Somalia, whether all necessary measures were taken to insure strict
environment safety and the protection of the community residing near and
around plant after it became operational. He sounded as if the final decision on
how to address these concerns were not made yet, though her assured an overall
safety of the environment.
Erigavo slaughterhouse
In Erigavo and Lasanod towns the capital towns of Sanag and Sool regions
respectively have no slaughterhouse or there are no premises and infrastructure
for slaughtering animals in either of the towns. Therefore, the animals to be
slaughtered are subject to open-land, exposure. Blood is drained into the soil and
the remnants and unwanted body parts of the slaughtered livestock are thrown
and left in the open field. Later in the night or whenever people leave from the
sites, birds and wild canine animals, vector and rodents come together to the
slaughter places and feed on the remnants blood and other biological wastes.
While in the rainy these dirty biological wastes are washed into the down streams
to contaminate shallow wells water and surface water supplies of the public
especially, rural and nomadic communities. This can cause serious diseases
outbreaks or various epizone diseases, at the same time this practice is a
continuous source of poor sanitation and unhygienic living conditions surrounding
the whole environments of the towns that urgently requires to be altered through
appropriate interventions.
The number of animals slaughtered by type in each town per day is as follows:
Erigavo town (Sool)
1. Sheep & Goats: 160 heads per day (average)
2. Camels: 18 heads per day
3. Cattle: 12 heads per day
Lasanod town (Sool)
1. Sheep and Goats: 175 heads per day
2. Camels: 20 heads per day
3. Cattle: 8 heads per day
Hygiene slaughtering of livestock and observing standard sanitary operating
practices in meat handling and delivering to the market was found reasonably
maintained in Hargeisa slaughterhouses.
Manual cleaning and disinfection to improve and maintain slaughterhouse
sanitation and hygienic standards with use of brushes, chlorine and detergents
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was also reasonably effective in Hargeisa slaughterhouse. All surfaces of concrete
cement (construction) floors or the marble lined floor of Hargeisa slaughterhouse,
Burao town-cemented slaughterhouse and to some extent Borama
slaughterhouse were smooth without cracks and sloped to drains waste water,
repair and maintenance were in place. Berbera slaughterhouse cement floor was
found cracked without repair and Erigavo and Lasanod sanitation is critically
alarming as there are no slaughterhouse places at present.
ConclusionAll these discussions and most theme articles including and willing images
and picture took to open dumpsites and free smoke incinerations of
Hargeisa that which unplanned, and collected the municipal and whole the
solid & liquid west of the city, shows as how our sanitation is still poor, but I
hope after these we can discuss how to improve immediately and support
for this new lesson we learnt about these field.
RecommendationsIn addition of top of that we would like to suggest these point we think about it
important how to achieve our sanitation millennium goals
immediately address the solid waste problem and design better landfills,
incinerators and better waste management systems
it is recommended that the local government and the local NGOsformulate and implement effective environmental policy to address thesolid waste issues
immediately address and protect the oceans from abuses and destructionof Coral reefs
define and design an environmental protection program, agency ordepartment that promotes an active involvement in the environmental and
public health protection programs, and make it sustainable
allocate an adequate resources for the protection of all ecological systemsthat could guarantee the protection of biodiversity
increase capacity building at all levels and start training for theconservation of habitats and biodiversity at local and regional level
establish the legal and policy framework for conservation of habitats andbiodiversity, both in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems
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reduce deforestation and degradation of the environment to improve andsustain environmental health
start a dialogue on how to1-Land use plans for the disposal of solid waste in temporary waste collection
point and terminal dumpsites (sanitary infrastructure facilities)2- Capital budget
3- Heavy machinery (garbage collection transport vehicles, bulldozers, graders
and compactors)
4- Sufficient numbers of crew/employees for collection and loading
5- Trained are qualified public health inspectors and sanitation and officers
supervisors
6- Vacuum tankers construction of lagoons for liquid waste disposal coordination
7- Effective stakeholder coordination
8 -Scaling up the profile of sanitation to meet MDG 79- Extensive public education and legal enforcements of relevant laws
10- Performances & efficiency measurement systems supervision & monitoring
11- Solid waste & liquid waste disposal
12- Comprehensive waste management separation of regulatory responsibilities
& national, regional and district levels including supervision, control and service
operation levels.
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References:-
1. Annual Editions: Environmental 2009/2010: twenty-Eighth Edition
2. Regional Organization for the Conservation of the Environment of Red Seaand Gulf of Aden (PERSGA), June 1999.
3. Clashing Views on Environmental Issues by Thomas A. Easton; 13th edition.
4. Country Environmental Profile for Somalia, From 1st March 2006 to 31st
August 2006: IUCN Eastern Africa Regional Office, Nairobi, Kenya.
5. WHO Mission Report on: Pesticide Incident in hargeisa, Somali Republic of
Somaliland October, 6-15, 2003: World Health Organizational Office for
Eastern Mediterranean.
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Situation Environment health assessment Somalia pdf adobe reader
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