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Harvestmen (Opiliones) of Canada. Robert Holmberg Centre for Science Athabasca University Athabasca, Alberta T9S 3A3, Canada E-mail: [email protected]. 17 th International Congress of Arachnology, Brazil, 2007. Harvestmen as They Appear to Most People. Characteristics of Opiliones. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Harvestmen (Opiliones) of CanadaHarvestmen (Opiliones) of Canada
Robert HolmbergCentre for ScienceAthabasca UniversityAthabasca, Alberta T9S 3A3, CanadaE-mail: [email protected]
Robert HolmbergCentre for ScienceAthabasca UniversityAthabasca, Alberta T9S 3A3, CanadaE-mail: [email protected]
17th International Congress of Arachnology, Brazil, 200717th International Congress of Arachnology, Brazil, 2007
Harvestmen as They Appear to Most PeopleHarvestmen as They Appear to Most People
Characteristics of OpilionesCharacteristics of Opiliones
• prosoma and opisthosoma broadly fused
• no venom nor silk glands
• no extra-oral digestion
• tracheal respiration
• 3rd largest arachnid order
• prosoma and opisthosoma broadly fused
• no venom nor silk glands
• no extra-oral digestion
• tracheal respiration
• 3rd largest arachnid order Palpatores, Phalangiidae: Rilaena triangularis
from Hillyard & Sankey 1989
Characteristics of Opiliones
• palps leg-like, swollen, or raptorial
• palps leg-like, swollen, or raptorial
• 2 medial eyes• 2 medial eyes
Palpatores, Sabaconidae:Sabacon #1 by Nadine Duperre
• chelate chelicerae• chelate chelicerae
Characteristics of OpilionesCharacteristics of Opiliones
• pair of scent glands• pair of scent glands
Palpatores, Phalangiidae: Phalangium opilio; from Holmberg 1970
Characteristics of OpilionesCharacteristics of Opiliones
• sperm transfer by penis
• females with ovipositor
• sperm transfer by penis
• females with ovipositor
Palpatores, Phalangiidae: Oligolophus tridens from V. Silhavy 1956
Opiliones of Canada – West Coast & MountainsOpiliones of Canada – West Coast & Mountains
Opiliones BC ABTriaenonychidae
Paranonychus brunneus +
Sclerobunus robustus +
Ischyropsalidae
Hesperonemastoma modesta
+
Taracus sp. + +
Laniatores
Taracus sp. – very large chelicerae
Photo: D.J. Buckle
Opiliones of Canada – West Coast & Mountains (continued)
Opiliones of Canada – West Coast & Mountains (continued)
Opiliones BC ABLeptobunidae
Leptobunus parvulus +
Leuronycus pacificus +
Nemostomatidae
Dendrolasma mirabilis +
Ortholasma pictipes +
Dendrolasma mirabilis – hood areaDendrolasma mirabilis – hood area
Photo by Aldo Pelegrin
Opiliones of Canada – West Coast & Mountains (continued)
Opiliones of Canada – West Coast & Mountains (continued)
Opiliones BC ABPhalangiidae
Liopilio glaber + +
Odiellus pictus + +
Oligolophus tridens +
Opilio parietinus + +
Paroligolophus agrestis + +
Phalangium opilio + +
Rilaena triangularis +
Kakwa Wildland Park, Alberta, July 2006
Liopilio glaber and habitat
Opiliones of Canada – West Coast & Mountains (concluded)
Opiliones of Canada – West Coast & Mountains (concluded)
Opiliones BC ABSabaconidae
Sabacon occidentalis +
Sabacon #1 + +
Sclerosomatidae
Hadrobunus grandis ?
Leiobunum aldrichi ?
Leiobunum exilipes ?
Nelima paessleri + +
Togwoteeus biceps + +
Totals (7 families) 19+ 9
Nelima paessleri – overwintering
behaviour
Nelima paessleri – overwintering
behaviour
From Holmberg et al., 1984.
Opiliones SK MBPhalangiidae
Odiellus pictus + +
Opilio parietinus + +
Phalangium opilio + +
Sclerosomatidae
Leiobunum calcar + +
Leiobunum crassipalpe
+
Leiobunum vitattum + +
Togwoteeus biceps +
Totals (2 families) 6 6
Opiliones of Canada – Central PlainsOpiliones of Canada – Central Plains
Palpatores, Sclerosomatidae Togwoteeus biceps; from Holmberg & Cokendolpher, 1997
Distributions & Habitats:
patchy knowledge for most species
Distributions & Habitats:
patchy knowledge for most species
Opiliones of Canada – Great Lakes and EastOpiliones of Canada – Great Lakes and East
Opiliones ON QCCaddidae
Acropsopilio boopis + +
Caddo agilis + +
Caddo pepperella +
Ceratolasmatidae
Crosbycus dasycnemus +
Nemostomatidae
Nemastoma bimaculatum +
Opiliones of Canada – Great Lakes and East (continued)
Opiliones of Canada – Great Lakes and East (continued)
Opiliones ON QCPhalangiidae
Mitopus morio +
Odiellus pictus + +
Oligolophus tridens +
Opilio parietinus + +
Phalangium opilio + +
Sabaconidae
Sabacon cavicolens + +
Opiliones of Canada – Great Lakes and East (continued)
Opiliones of Canada – Great Lakes and East (continued)
Opiliones ON QCSclerosomatidae
Hadrobunus maculosus +
Leiobunum aldrichi +
Leiobunum bracchiolum +
Leiobunum calcar + +
Leiobunum crassipalpe +
Leiobunum elegans + +
Leiobunum flavum +
Leiobunum formosum + +
Opiliones of Canada – Great Lakes and East (concluded)
Opiliones of Canada – Great Lakes and East (concluded)
Opiliones ON QCSclerosomatidae
Leiobunum nigripes ?
Leiobunum politum + +
Leiobunum ventricosum + +
Leiobunum verrucosum +
Leiobunum vitattum + +
Totals (6 families) 17 18
Opiliones of Canada – MaritimesOpiliones of Canada – MaritimesOpiliones NB NS PE NFCaddidae
Acropsopilio boopis +
Caddo agilis + + +
Nemostomatidae
Nemastoma bimaculatum +
Phalangiidae
Mitopus morio + + +
Odiellus pictus + + + +
Oligolophus tridens + + + +
Paraoligolophus agrestis +
Phalangium opilio + + + +
Female (above) and male (to the right) of Phalangium opilio
Species Introductions to Canada
Photo; D.J. Buckle
Introductions from EuropeIntroductions from Europe
Opiliones Date Location
Nemastoma bimaculatum <1977 Quebec
Oligolophus tridens <1947 East & west coasts
Paroligolophus agrestis <1950 East & west coasts
Rilaena triangularis <1953 West & east coasts
Opilio parietinus <1868 Across NA
Phalangium opilio <1890 Across NA
Opilio parietinus female
Opiliones of Canada – Maritimes (concluded)Opiliones of Canada – Maritimes (concluded)
Opiliones NB NS PE NFSabaconidae
Sabacon cavicolens +
Sclerosomatidae
Leiobunum calcar + + +
Leiobunum elegans + + +
Leiobunum politum +
Leiobunum ventricosum +
Totals (5 families) 9 10 3 8
Opiliones of Canada – Northern TerritoriesOpiliones of Canada – Northern Territories
Opiliones YK NT NU
Phalangiidae
Liopilio yukon +
Mitopus morio +
Phalangium opilio + +
Totals (1 family) 2 1 1
Distribution of Mitopus morio
Known Species of Opiliones from Canada
Known Species of Opiliones from Canada
Family SpeciesCaddidae 3
Ceratolasmatidae 1
Ischyropsalidae 2
Leptobunidae 2
Nemostomatidae 3
Phalangiidae 10
Sabaconidae 3
Sclerosomatidae 16
Triaenonychidae 2
Total (9 families) 42+
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Questions?Questions?
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