Hasbi Sjamsir, Language Variation

8/7/2019 Hasbi Sjamsir, Language Variation

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Hasbi SJAMSIR (lecturer)

Language Variation

By Group 3 :

Erwin

Furaidi

SiswantoYusvita

Suhartini

Usman


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Language Variation

VARIATION in language is Natural phenomenon

Language is a form of social behavior and

communities tend to split up into groups, eachdisplaying differences of behavior

Linguistic variables have both social and stylevariation, some only social, but none style

variation only


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Some Terms

Idiolects personal speech variety

Dialect social group variety

Styles context (depend on situation)


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English styles

in Use Martin Joos:1907-1978 (spoken in central US)

five styles:

1. frozen in formal writing2. formal

3. consultative

4. casual

5. intimate


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Multilingualisme, Diglossia,

and Code-switching Multilingualisme

the use of the ablity two or more language

;bilingual is individual who have complet and equalcommand of two languages in all situations

- Diglossia is the use of two varieties of a language bymembers of a peech community for two distinct sets

of functions.- Changing from one language or language variety to

another


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Pidgins

used by people who do not have a

common language Creoles

a stage in the development of Pidgin


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AFRICAN AMERICAN ENGLISH

(AAE)


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Its Use and Characteristics

African-American English (AAE) is

characterized by pronunciations, syntactic

structures and vocabulary assosiated withand used by a fairly large number of North

American African-Americans.

People use AAE habitually and exclusively,

some in certain situations, others useStandard English.


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It exhibits a wide range of pronunciations and

forms varying in the degree to which differ

from each other and form Standard English.AAE use spoken rather than written with great

effect by African-Americans ranging from

religious and civil rights leaders to school

dropout spending their time in the street ofblack ghettos.


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Dialectal variation exists in AAE but only some

prominent and common characteristics.

A variety in AAE refer to as African AmericanVernacular English (AAVE). In pronunciation,the vowels of AAVE tend to be more variable

than consonant.


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HOW AFRICAN-AMERICAN CAME

ABOUT

How do varieties of AAE relate to American English in general?AAE can be interpreted as a conservative featureOpposed to the dialectal interpretationThe creole surviving in the Sea Islands off the coast of South Carolina &Georgia


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The making of AAE dates back to the 19

th

century

The need of for a pidgin, or pidgins, developed

even before the ships left the African coast.

The need for pidgins continued for reasons

similar to those that gave rise to them in the first

place.

The pidgin was French based AAE shares some features with Standar English

& other Creole (Gullah & Jamaican)


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African-American English; Myths

& Facts AAE is a much-stigmatized language variety

AAE is just a rule governed as other forms of

English but the rules that characterized itsusage are.

AAE in US society is in part reinforced by the

low socioeconomic status of many African-American resulting from a longstanding

pattern of racial discrimination


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The world of Language

Numberestimated in range 5000 and 6000 languages includes

creoles exclude pidgin

English users :

as mother tongue more than 350 million speakers

Additional billion people user as second language and in

official or semiofficial serving


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Ten top official and semiofficial

language serving1. English

2. Chinese

3.Hindi4. Spanish

5. Russian6. French

7. Arabic8. Portuguese9.Malay10. Bengali

Documents

Hasbi Sjamsir, Language Variation