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“na hi jyanenasadrishamkinchitehavidyate”
H.A.S.S.’s
Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya,Dept. of Post Graduate Studies’
Prerana …the inspiration
August 2012 Vol. 1 Issue 3
Dear Readers,
Wishing all the readers Happy Independence Day. On the occasion of 66th Independence Day
celebrations, let us pledge ourselves to contribute for the development of Nation by rendering
dedicated services in our respective fields. World is looking at Ayurveda as an ultimate hope for the
management of non-communicable diseases. Father of the Nation, Mahatma Gandhi, has also
emphasized on practice of Ayurveda and Nature cure for common health problems. His dream was
to announce Ayurveda as National health system. Now it is the right time to request the central
government to declare Ayurvedic System as National health system. For this claim we have to
exhibit our commitment in research and education.
Research in Astanga Ayurveda for revalidating the various specialty treatment procedures
has to be done on the priority basis. Research protocols suitable for Ayurvedic system are to be
developed. In spite of many odds, research on medicinal plants is in progress and results are
encouraging. The medicinal plants like Lashuna, Shunthi, Guggulu etc have been studied extensively
and proved effective in various metabolic disorders.
Another drawback in Ayurvedic teaching is that the research and Ayurvedic education are
not integrated. The students of Ayurveda are not oriented in research and they are not updated
with recent developments in field of research. The teachers of Ayurveda should incorporate recent
research done in their teaching. The teachers and researchers of Ayurveda should give more
importance to publications of their work in journals.
In this issue an article on the need of research in Ayurveda has been published. Hope this will
motivate all of us towards research and publication.
- Dr.SrinivasBannigol
Chief Editor
Editorial
Inside
NEED OF RESEARCH IN THE FIELD OF AYURVEDA
STANDARDIZATION OF RASOUSHADHI
IMPORTANT EVENTS AT AMV
MANI, MANTRA AND AUSHADHA
“na hi jyanenasadrishamkinchitehavidyate”
Need of Research in the field of Ayurveda
*Dr.AshoK PatilMD(Swasthavritta)(Ph.D)
Research should be more balanced, comprehensive, experimental and equally emphasizing in the literary field and clinical research. It should be able to impact the fields of academics, pharmacy and practice in a profound way. Present day Ayurvedic researches are failing in this aspect as they are unable to disseminate the knowledge gained from the exercises. Ayurveda system is currently running parallel to country's western model of medical system. Ayurveda has its own theories, rationalists, methodologies and practices which cannot be shown in mathematical models and their efficacy cannot be proved by statistical significance. Clinical practices made by Ayurveda doctors in the dispensaries are considered as unscientific and not accepted in the scientific community. There is always a question mark on promoting Ayurveda amongst the health planners of the country without any research data base. So, there is a diehard need of research in Ayurveda, which should be taken out by the Ayurveda medical institutions and research institutes. Various Ayurveda excellences need to be properly researched, documented and applied. Publication of the research trials in medical journals is also a method of making the science to reach up to the periphery. Prof. R.H Singh has made the same observation: “Ongoing research is proceeding in such a way that it is of more value to modern medicine than Ayurveda. It doesn′t strengthen Ayurveda and Ayurvedic practice. Ayurvedic research outcomes have not trickled down to professionals use; neither do they benefit Ayurveda students or Practitioners”.[1] The current methodologies of research being applied in Ayurveda should be analyzed critically. Predominantly, drug researches done in the field of Ayurveda in the last six decades have not enriched the Ayurvedic understanding or Ayurvedic concepts; however, these researches have created a better understanding of Ayurveda in the modern medical fraternity. The researches done in the last 60 years on Herbal Pharmacology have led confirmation of few concepts like Reverse Pharmacology and use of whole crude drugs in place of isolation of fractions for clinical trials. These leads have changed the mindset of researchers on herbal medicine. In the last decade, lot of interest has been generated in the medical world regarding Ayurveda and other traditional medicines. However, all these efforts lead to the enrichment of the knowledge of the modern medicine and inclusion of some Ayurvedic herbs in modern MateriaMedica. Since the last few years, it has been felt that there is a great need for a separate research methodology for Ayurveda and traditional medicines. WHO made an attempt in this regard in 2000[2] (WHO/TRM guidelines). However, this document has strongly recommended the exhaustive training of manpower of Ayurvedic institutions for research methodology. But the Government of India could not invest in the area, leading to production of non-qualified researchers in Ayurvedic Institutions who are supposed to be the backbone of Ayurvedic researches. Various researchers started to feel that conventional clinical trial regimen is not fit for Ayurveda. Dr. Ram Manohar[3] has opined that Ayurveda is based on 5000 years of clinical
“na hi jyanenasadrishamkinchitehavidyate”
practice. Hence, in place of conventional evidence-based medicine (EBM) clinical trials, practice-based clinical trials should be organized for Ayurveda. Ayurveda requires research in the areas of diagnostic principles of Ayurveda so that the Ayurvedic diagnosis can be made more pinpointed leading to more effective treatment strategies. Ayurveda is a pure science based on strict logical explanation, which is called Darshana. Ayurveda was always in the developmental phase like all the medical systems should be. In the last 2000 years, very less conceptual development in Ayurveda is evident. However, whatever has been added is less explained or obscure. Due to socio-political reasons, annotation (Pratisamskara) of Ayurvedic samhitas could not be done in the last 2000 years, which is mandatory in every 1000 years. This means that the present samhitas are lagging behind to present the knowledge. Many of the diagnostic tools have been missed in between and new principles added like Avarana are unexplained.
The clinical trials in Ayurveda are needed for– a. Revalidation of facts enumerated in Ayurvedic classics leading to the explanation of fundamental principles; b. to find out better treatment modalities for the existing diseases and for newer diseases; c. to standardize the treatment procedures scientifically and d. to establish dose, duration, indication and side-effect profile of any given drug.
Hence, if Ayurveda has to provide the much needed support to the modern medicine in the management of the diseases, it requires more research in the areas of fundamental principles and diagnostic tools in place of drugs. For this purpose the modern research and methodology is not suitable and there is a need for a paradigm shift in the research methodology for Ayurveda. Though most of the renowned workers advocate the same, when it comes to practice it is not acceptable.
There is a need to stem the misuse of Indian traditional knowledge and there is a dire need to gear ourselves up not only to show the science being carried out in Ayurvedic way, but also to use modern science to produce interpretative evidence. Though ICMR advocates that protocols for Ayurvedic researches had been prepared in consultation with Ayurvedists, however, looking at those protocols it is evident that either the consulted Ayurvedists themselves are not clear of Ayurveda or their opinions have not been accepted. The work is to be started in Ayurveda in order to explore Ayurvedic fundamentals like Prakriti in the parlance of genomics, etc. for the welfare of humanity. Genetic and epigenetic responses are being understood by some scientists in the light of Prakriti, Oja, Bala and Rasayana. However, still this is the beginning of the story and it will not go far if all the fundamental principles of Ayurveda are not taken into consideration while initiating these projects. There are many fundamental principles in Ayurveda which can be helpful in understanding the maladies in modern medicine. But more than these, there are many more fundamental principles described in Ayurveda in brief or summarily and they are still not understood properly by Ayurvedists themselves. So, while talking about a holistic approach of Ayurveda, the principles of Ayurveda should be applied in toto.
“na hi jyanenasadrishamkinchitehavidyate”
Hearty Congratulations To
Dr.A.S.Prashanth
For being awarded with Ph.D
We wish him best of luck.
Area of research in ayurveda:
1. Analysing the toxicity of mineral drugs. 2. Role of Pancha karma in curing the chronic ailments. 3. Role of Dinacharya (IndriyaRakshanopaya) in preventing the occupational accidents. 4. Role of Swasthavritta in preventing the communicable diseases. 5. Role of ayurveda in prevention of diseases of modern civilization 6. Role of Ayurveda drugs as vaccinating agents. 7. Justification of every drug of ayurveda does not have any adverse effect, when taken in a
prescribed way.
Now, it is high time to define Ayurveda itself; whether the use of herbs is Ayurveda or the use of herbs and other treatment modalities as per Ayurvedic principles is Ayurveda. Accordingly, the research methodology should be planned and adopted.
References
1. Singh RH. Exploring issues in the development of Ayurvedic research methodology. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2010;1:91–5. [PMC free article] [PubMed]
2. WHO/TRM Guidelines. 2000. [Last accessed on 2011 June 24]. Available from: HYPERLINK “http://www.who.int/entity/hiv/amds/WHOTCM2005.1_OMS.pdf. ”www.who.int/entity/hiv/amds/WHOTCM2005.1_OMS.pdf .
3. Ram Manohar P. Evidence base for Traditional Medicine through practice based research, International Conclave on Traditional Medicine. New Delhi: 2006. Nov 16-17,
*Dr.AshokPatilMD(Swasthavritta).(Ph.D)
Asst Professor, DGM Ayurvedic Medical College & PG Research institute, Gadag
[email protected], Ph: 9972583954: 7795819515
“na hi jyanenasadrishamkinchitehavidyate”
STANDARDIZATION OF RASOUSHADHI
Authors: Dr.B.B.Joshi, Prof. and Head, Dept. of PG studies in Rasa Shastra
Dr. Sreejith R, P G scholar, Dept. of PG studies in Rasa Shastra.
…continued from last issue
Merits of पुट:-
1. अपुनर्भव:- inability to attain original form
2. गुणाधधक्य:- potentiation
3. अग्रत:- followed by many other qualities
4. अनप्सुमज्जनम्:- unsinkable in water
5. रेखापणूभत:- occupying the inter ridge spaces of the finger pad skin
6. लघुत:- lightness
7. शीघ्रव्याधि:- spreading and occupying very rapidly
8. दीपन:ं- increasing the appetite
9. लोह exposed to पुट is even more potent than जाररतपारद 10. चणूभत्व:- penetration of external heat into the metal and breaking the metal to a
powdered state
3. After process standardization: - (finished drug standardization)
After preparing of the medicaments we should go for analytical standardization with
various parameters.For example; if we take र्स्म, should follow some technique to standardize
the र्स्म.
र्स्मधसधिलक्षणाs:- Physical test, Chemical test, Special test, Biological changes
1) Physical test:-रेखापणूभत्व, वाररतर, उत्तम, अन्जनवत्सकू्ष्मत्व, श्लक्ष्णता, लघुत्व, धनश्चन्रत्व
2) Chemical test:-धनधूभम, अपुनर्भव, धनरुत्थ MODERN ANALYTICAL TOOLS
1. Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS)- is a spectro-analytical procedure for the
qualitative and quantitative determination of chemical elements employing the absorption
of optical radiation (light) by free atoms in the gaseous state. In analytical chemistry the
technique is used for determining the concentration of a particular element (the analyte)
in a sample to be analyzed.
Use:-Analysis of trace elements in steel and Analysis of calcium, iron and sodium
2. Inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) - Bulk
quantitative survey analysis of major, minor or trace constituents, the combination of
ICP-AES is very powerful for determining an extremely wide range of elements from
major components to very low detection limits (typically sub ppb) with high accuracy
and precision.
“na hi jyanenasadrishamkinchitehavidyate”
Advantages:-Simultaneous multi element analysis can be made. Detection limit for trace element
detection is PPB (parts per billion) level.
3. Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) - Is coupled with several applications
including ;Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Transmission electron microscopy
(TEM). This can determine the elemental composition of individual points or map out the
lateral distribution of elements from selected areas and for Elemental and composition
of small areas.
Application:- to know the shift of elements from major to trace element level, deletion and
edition of elements at trace level during the procedures such as शोधन, जारणand मारण, this
EDAX should be carried out before and after such procedures.
4. XRD (X-ray Diffraction)- used for phase identification of the compounds, determining
crystal size and structure, identification of crystal defects, determining percentage of
material in crystalline form versus amorphous and quantitative measurement of phase
contents and texture orientation.
ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES FOR RASOUSHADHIS
1 Herbo-mineral compound with Iron Organoleptic characters,
Ash content,
Acid insoluble ash content,
Identification of chemical
constituents
Assay for iron and other
metallic / mineral contents
2 वटका (tablets) Organoleptic characters
Ash content
Acid insoluble ash content
Loss on drying at 1100C
Assay for iron and other
metallic / mineral contents
3 Mercurial preparations Organoleptic characters
Ash content
Acid insoluble ash content
Loss on drying at 1100C
Assay for Hg and other
metallic / mineral contents
Identification for mercury,
sulphur, borax etc.
4 Bhasma Organoleptic characters
Identification for chemical
constituents
Acid insoluble ash content
Loss on drying at 1100C
Loss on ignition
Assay for main metals /
“na hi jyanenasadrishamkinchitehavidyate”
minerals
5 पपभधट(thin flakes with पारद, गन्धक, and
other drugs)
Organoleptic characters
Identification for chemical
constituents
Loss on drying at 1100C
Assay for Hg, sulphur and
other metallic contents of the
formulation.
6 धपधि (micro-fine powder obtained by prolonged grinding)
Organoleptic characters
Identification for chemical
constituents
Loss on drying at 1100C
Ash content
Acid insoluble ash content
CONCLUSION:-
An Ayurvedic formulation usually consists of ingredients of herbal, mineral, metal and animal
origin. It is a fact that, while whole world is working on the herbals, almost no other country,
other than India, is working on the metallic products; which is a very important strength of
Ayurveda system of medicine. One of the reasons for this is that, probably other than India, this
knowledge does not exist anywhere else. Recently this important area has drawn the attention of
Indian researchers realizing the fact that millions of Indians are still consuming these products,
with significant health benefit and little known side effects. The realization is that, probably it is
one area where India / Ayurveda can make original contribution to the world, has necessitated
the need of validation of claim of metallic products.“The absence of post-market surveillance
and the paucity of laboratory test facilities (in India) make the quality control of Ayurvedic
medicines exceedingly difficult at this time.Standard is fixed quantity and quality used as a basis
for comparison. Standardization of Rasaushadhies can be defined with the number of processes,
involved in the production of a drug.
1. The standard protocols mentioned in the classics, which may be applied to the present
manufacturing scientific pharmaceutical ambience, such as quality of raw materials to be
taken for the process.
2. The process standardization protocols are temperature, time space, instrument and
heating devices etc. along with purification protocols like number of Bhaavana, Swedana
etc.
3. The finished drug protocol vizcolour, fineness, safety profile, bioavailability and
therapeutic efficacy etc.
4. Validation of the method of preparation is to be done by manufacturing the same product
by similar method and instrumentation, for any number of times, with standard raw
material getting output of same product with specification of parameters.
“na hi jyanenasadrishamkinchitehavidyate”
Important Events at Ayurveda MahavidyalayaHubli.
Interaction with Sri.SadanandSapre and Dr.G.H.Naregal
The post graduate students of A.M.V college had a great
opportunity to attend a brain storming session by Sri.Sadanand
Sapre, retired professor Dept. of electronics, NIT, Bhopal on
“Scientific basis of tradition and Ayurveda” in Halsikar hall,
where he said Ayurveda is the pride of India. He being a man of
engineering said Ayurveda is now the mantra outside India due to
increase in life style disorders. He also added Research and
Publication can bring Classical medicine to front line,
participating and writing articles in various journals shall bring
name to self and science. He said we should feel proud to be
Indians as we are gifted with a beautiful science called Ayurveda.
He concluded by saying that India has not only been a pioneer in medicine industry and surgery but
also in engineering as the knowledge of Alloys, Metallurgy and Transparent aero planes was
mentioned in Bharadwaja’svimaanashasthra. Therefore it’s the sole responsibility of we young
scientists to love and prove our science AYURVEDA
.
P.V.Jayade memorial lecture by Dr.V.Rajendra
The P.V.Jayade memorial guest lecture series was inaugurated on 17th
Aug 2012. The chief guest
for the function was Dr.B.L.Patil and Dr.R.N.Joshi was the president. Dr.VijayJayade, son of Late.
P.V.Jayade welcomed the audience and the function was hosted by Dr.NikithaAlewoor. The guest speaker
was Dr.V.Rajendra who gave a knowledgeable lecture on Psychosexual disorders.
Dr.A.S.Prashanth was felicitated by the Jayade Trust on the same occasion and
Dr.RavindraJayade, Dr.ChetanJayade and K.M.Paikoti were also present. Later the function was followed
by lunch.
“na hi jyanenasadrishamkinchitehavidyate”
MANI, MANTRA AND AUSHADHA Author :SharanyaSrikumar, Sri JayendraSaraswathi Ayurveda College, Chennai
Mani, Mantra and Aushadha represent respectively the three branches of Veda
namely Astrology, Mantra Shastra (Atharvana Veda) and Ayurveda. The ancient seers of
Bharath recognized the need to live in harmony with the nature to lead a life devoid of diseases
and affliction. The concept of Mani, Mantra &Aushadha presupposes that the afflictions to a
human being born on earth are due to his/her past karma.
Ayurveda says that:
“purvajanmakrtampapamvyaadhirupenajayathe!!”
“janmantarakrtampapamvyadhirupenabadhate!!”
This being the basis, Astrology proceeds to analyze the accumulated negative karma and planets
posited in adverse houses in the individual’s horoscope.
Mantra shastra helps to propitiate the planets causing the diseases.
Ayurveda helps to restore homeostasis with aushadas.
Thus ayurveda (medicine), jyothisham (astrology) and mantra shastram (atharvanavedam) which
are closely related branches of the vedas are taken recourse to harmonize ourselves with the
nature.
By the combination of these 3 branches of Veda, even a disease which has a poor prognosis i.e
asaadhyaroga can be cured.
Acharya Vagbhatta in Ashtangahrdayam, while describing about sukhasadhyatha of a disease
mentions –
“graheshuanuguneshuekadoshamargonava: sukha:!”
From this we can realize that any disease is easily curable if the planets are positioned in their
favourable sthanas (anukulasthanam).
But if in case the planets are not in their favourable sthanas then one will have to apply the daiva
vyapashrayaaushadha explained by charakAcharya.
AcharyaCharaka in the chapter tisraeshaniyam explains 3 types of aushadham.
Trividhamaushadhamiti –daiva vyapashrayam, yukthi vyapashrayamsathvavajayascha.
Tatradaivavyapashram mantra aushadhimanimangalabalyupaharahomaniyam aprayaschitha
upavasa svastyayanapranipathagamanadi!
Yuktivyapashrayam- puna: Aharaaushadhadravyanamyojana!!
Sattvavajaya:-puna: ahitebhyoarthebhyomanonighraha:!
In yukthivyapashraya kind of aushadha, the patient is simply administered with pathyaharas and
other aushadhadravyas.
“na hi jyanenasadrishamkinchitehavidyate”
In satvavajaya kind of aushadha, indriyasamyamanam is adviced whereas
daivavyapashrayaaushadha involves jyothisha, chanting of mantras, performance of rituals, etc
for the cure of the disease.
Regarding this, even Vagbhattacarya in ashtangasangrha says,
“vinapicaupayogenamanimantrdhik aryakrith!!” (A.s 7/188)
for which indu in shashilekhavyakhyana says,
manimanthradikam guduchyadivathanupayukthamapijwardishamayatiitiswabhava vishesha:
!!
The three vedangas that is, jyothisham, mantra shastram and ayurveda have been successfully
used throughout the centuries by people to promote balance and well being. Even today there are
ayurvedic practitioners in remote corners of India who have successfully treated even the most
complicated disease with manimantraushadam.
Now let us proceed to how this is achieved.
JyothishaShastram:
Jyotisham (astrology) is the study of effect of the subtle energies of the planets (gruhas) on
plants, animals and humans. These energies influence the human body and mind.
Like ayurveda, jyothisham was also propounded by the ancient seers of India. The ailments can
be linked to be the outcome of the gravitational pulls exerted by the planets, which is why
ayurveda is closely related to astrology.
Let us see how this happens.
Each planet is intrinsically related to a specific avayava of the sharira. Other than the avayavas it
is said that a planet also has effect on the doshas.
Chakradharabhatta in the famous book, gadavali says;
“kalasyakananaina: kurutheprabhutvam!
Kantecavakshasividhurjatarecaprshte!!
Vakrovidanghrikarayo: katijanghayorjho!
Guhyandayo: brgujani: shani: oorujanvo:!!”
These verses explain the relation of each planet with a specific body part.
1. The head and face are controlled by ina:, the sun.
2. Neck and chest under the control of Vidhu:, the moon.
3. The mars (vakra:) controls stomach and back regions.
4. The sthana of mercury (budha / vid) is hands and feet.
5. Jupiter (guru / jho) has its sthanas at kati, loin and jangha, calf muscles.
6. The sthana of venus (brghu / shukra) are genital parts and that of Saturn’s (shani) are thighs
and knees.
“na hi jyanenasadrishamkinchitehavidyate”
Pittampathangasyavidho: kaphanilau,
jnasyatridosha: kaphamarutaubhrgo: !
Sleshmagurojanermarut,
mandasyadoshadyusadamamematha: !!
Similarly each planet is related to the doshas.
The sun (Surya) is related to pittham whereas the moon to kapha and vata.
Mercury (Bhudha) maintains the dosha samyata.
Venus (Shukra) will have an impact on kapha and vata doshas and the Jupiter (guru) on kapha.
Bhauma ( ) is related to pitta and Shani to vata.
With an astrological chart one can determine the health, emotional & mental stability and
proneness of a person to a disease. There are 12 houses in an astrological chart. Each house is
headed by a planet.
The 9 planets are
Grhas- Suryendumangalabhudagurukavimandarahukethava:!
1.Surya, the sun 2.indu, the moon 3.mangala, mars
4. budha, mercury 5. guru, Jupiter 6. kavi, shukra
7. manda, Saturn 8.rahu and 9.kethu.
Out of the 12, mercury, venus, mars, Jupiter and Saturn own 2 houses each. The remaining two
houses are owned one each by the sun and the moon.
Rahu and kethu do not own any house in the chart.
Like the planets, each house in a horoscope also governs different parts of the body.
In a horoscope, the 6th
house from lagna governs the diseases a person may suffer from.
(Before that let me tell you what lagna is. Lagna is the rashi in which a person is born, each rashi
is headed by a planet. And hence there are 12 rashis / zodiacs).
So planets posited in the 6th
house as well as the planet owning the 6th
house in a horoscope
would indicate the nature of illness.
For example,
If the lagna lord in the 6th
house happens to be sun, then the person may suffer from pain in his
eyes, head (as I told before sun is responsible for the head and face), ushnatisara:,jwaram, and
other pitthaja rogas.
The causative planet for illness can be identified in this way.
Astrology is hence an effective diagnostic tool for an ayurvedic vaidya in treatment of a disease.
It provides understanding of a person’s karma which cannot be known by dashavidha pariksha or
any other kind of diagnostic tool.
When the dashavidha pariksha and other diagnostic techniques do not yield the desired result and
when the diagnosis and manifestation of disease
cannot be judged accurately, astrology will be of great help.
The next step after judgement of a disease is treatment.
In case of terminal illness like cancer where even advanced treatments with medicines do not
work, one may have to take recourse to mantra prayogas.
to be continued in next issue . . .
“na hi jyanenasadrishamkinchitehavidyate”
To,
Chief Editor – Dr.S.K.Bannigol
Editor - Dr.M.A.Hullur
Dr.A.I.Sanakal
Dr.B.B.Joshi
Dr.J.R.Joshi
Dr.A.S.Prashanth
Co – Editors - Dr.Paritosh Bhatt
08867271306
VijetaTalikoti
Published by,
Dept. of Post Graduate Studies
Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya
Heggeri Ext.
Old Hubli
Hubli - 580024
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