àH$aU MmWo nU {OëømMm d {ZdS>bë`m VmbŠ`mMm Aä`mgshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/8274/10/10... · 2018. 7. 8. · 112 àH$aU MmWo nU {OëømMm d {ZdS>bë`m VmbŠ`mMm

112

àH$aU Mm¡Wo

nwUo {OëømMm d {ZdS>boë`m VmbwŠ`m§Mm Aä`mg bmJdS> _hmamï>mVrb _hmamîQ>mVrb Ho$ir bmJdS> d {dnUZ IMm©Mm Aä`mg H$aVmZm,

{deofV: nwUo {OëhçmMr {ZdS> H$obr AgyZ nwUo {OëhçmMm Aä`mg H$aVmZm Á`m _hmamï> amÁ`mV hm {Oëhm Amho Ë`m _hmamï> amÁ`mMo ^maVmVrb ñWmZ g_OyZ KoUo H«$_àmá R>aVo.

amH$Q> Xoem, H$UIa Xoem, XJS>m§À`m Xoem Ÿ& ZmOyH$ Xoem, H$mo_b Xoem, \w$bm§À`mhr Xoem Ÿ&&

A§OZ H$m§MZ H$ad§XrÀ`m H$mQ>oar Xoem Ÿ& ~Hw$i \w$bm§À`m, àmOº$mÀ`m XiXmar Xoem Ÿ&&

`m eãXm§V _hmamï>mMo dU©Z H$aÊ`mV òVo. 1 _o 1960 `m {Xder _hmamï> amÁ` ApñVÎdmV Ambo.

"~hþ AgmoV gw§Xa g§nÞ H$s _hm, {à` A_wMm EH$ _hmamï´> Xoe hm'

ho JrV Á`m A{^_mZmZo åhQ>bo OmVo Vo, _hmamï>> amÁ` åhUOo CÎma d X{jU ^maVmg OmoS>Umar {demb y_r Amho. `mM {demb y_rbm _hmZ na§nam bm^boë`m AmhoV. ^m¡Jmo{bH$, Eo{Vhm{gH$ Am{U Am{W©H$ Ñï>rZo _hmamï>mMo ì`{º$_Îd AmJiodoJio Amho. gmVdmhZm§nmgyZ Vo AJXr$ AmOn`ªV Vmo amOH$s`ÑîQ>çm OmJ¥V Amho. Amnbr y_r g§Vm§Mr, H$dtMr, boIH$m§Mr, dram§Mr d dram§JZm§Mr Amho. N>ÌnVr {edmOr _hmamOm§Zr {edemhr òWoM ñWmnZ Ho$br. AË`§V Ý`m`{à` d AmXe© amÁ`H$ma^mamMo CXmhaU N>ÌnVr {edmOr _hmamOm§Zr _hmamï>mbm KmbyZ {Xbo, H$s Oo ^yfUmdh R>abo Amho. ór-eyÐm{VeyÐm§gmR>r ømM ^y_rVyZ kmZg§Kf© Ho$bm Vmo _hmË_m OmoVramd \w$bo Am{U H«$m§{VÁ`moVr gm{dÌr~mB© \w$bo øm§Zr, bmoH$_mÝ` {Q>iH$m§Zr B§J«Om§{déÕ Ag§Vmof òWyZ ^maVâ nga{dbm. Ý`m`_yVu _.Jmo. amZS>o, Jmonmi H¥$îU JmoIbo, XmXm^mB© Zm¡amoOr, N>. emhÿ _hmamO, _h{f© {d.am. qeXo, ^maVaËZ S>m°. ~m~mgmho~ Am§~oS>H$a `m§Zr Amnbo OrdZ `mM ^y_rVyZ Xoembm dm{hbo. 4.1 _hmamï>mMo ^maVmVrb ñWmZ

^maV : CÎma JmobmYm©V ^maV AgyZ nyd© JmobYm©Vrb Am{e`m I§S>mVrb ^maV EH$ _hÎdmMm Xoe Amho. {h_mb` `m OJmVrb gdm}ƒ nd©Vam§Jm§§À`m nm`Ï`mer Aa~r g_wÐ, qhXr _hmgmJa, ~§JmbMm CngmJa `m VrZ g_wÐm§Zr doT>bobo OJmVrb gdm©V _moR>o {ÛnH$ën åhUOo ^maV. `mg "^maVr` CnI§S'> Agohr åhUVmV. `m CnI§S>mV ^maV, ~m§JbmXoe, lrb§H$m, ^yVmZ, nm{H$ñVmZ, Zonmi d _mbr `m§Mm g_mdoe hmoVmo. `m§Zm gmH©$ (SAARC) åhUVmV (SAARC: South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation).

113

_hmamï> : ^maVmVrb KQ>H$ amÁ`m§n¡H$s "_hmamï>' ho EH$ amÁ` Amho. ^maVmÀ`m _Ü`dVu ^mJmV _hmamï> amÁ` AgyZ CÎma ^maV d X{jU ^maVmg EH${ÌV AmUUmar {demb ^y_r Amho. 4.1.1 Ajd¥Îmr` aoImd¥Îmr` {dñVma

^maV : ^maVmMm Ajm§e {dñVma 804’28” CÎma Ajd¥Îm Vo 3706’53” CÎma Ajd¥Îm AgyZ aoIm§e {dñVma 6807’33” nyd© aoImd¥Îm Vo 97025’47” nyd© aoImd¥Îm Amho.

_hmamï> : _hmamï>mMm Ajm§e {dñVma 150 44’ CÎma Ajd¥Îm Vo 2206’ CÎma Ajd¥Îm AgyZ aoIm§e {dñVma 72036’ nyd© aoImd¥Îm Vo 80054’ nyd© aoImd¥Îm Amho.(15.80 C.Ajd¥Îm Vo 22.10

C.Ajd¥Îm d 72.60 ny.aoImd¥Îm Vo 80.90 ny.aoImd¥Îm) 4.1.2 AmH$ma

^maV : Am{e`m I§S>mV Agboë`m VrZ {ÛnH$ënm§n¡H$s åhUOoM gm¡Xr Aao{~`m, ^maV d B§S>moMm`Zm `m_Üò ^maV ho EH$ gdm©V _moR>o {ÛnH$ën Amho. {ÛnH$ënmMo Q>moH$ X{jUog qhXr _hmgmJamÀ`m ~mOyg Amho Va, Ë`mMm nm`m CÎmaog Amho.

_hmamï> : ^maVr` {ÛnH$ënmMm EH$ ^mJ _hmamï> nR>ma (X»IZ nR>ma) Amho. _hmamï>mMm nR>ma gd©gmYmaU AmH$ma {ÌH$moUmH¥$Vr AgyZ X{jUoH$S>o qMMmoim Va CÎmaoH$S>o é§X hmoV Jobobm Amho. Ë`mMm nm`m H$moH$UmV d Ë`mMo {Z_wiVo Q>moH$ nyd}g ^§S>mamH$S>o Amho. 4.1.3 bm§~r, é§Xr d joÌ\$i

^maV : ^maVmMr CÎma-X{jU bm§~r H$mí_raÀ`m CÎma gr_onmgyZ X{jUog H$Ý`mHw$_marn`ªV 3,214 {H$._r.Amho. ^maVmMr npíM_-nyd© é§Xr hr JwOamVÀ`m {H$Zmè`mnmgyZ Amgm_À`m nyd© Q>moH$mn`ªV 2,933 {H$._r.Amho. ^maVmMo EHy$U joÌ\$i 32,87,263

Mm¡.{H$_r.Amho. Vo OJmÀ`m joÌ\$imÀ`m 2.64 Q>ŠHo$ Amho. joÌ\$iÀ`m Ñï>rZo OJmV ^maVmMm 6 dm H«$_m§H$ bmJVmo.

_hmamï> : npíM_og Aa~r g_wÐmnmgyZ nyd}g nyd© KmQ>mn`ªV ngabobm Amho. _hmamï>mMr npíM_-nyd© bm§~r gw_mao 800 {H$_r.AgyZ X{jÊUmoÎma é§Xr gw_mao 720 {H$_r.Amho. _hmamï´>mMo joÌ\$i 3,07,762 Mm¡.{H$_r.Amho. joÌ\$imÀ`m Ñï>rZo ^maVm_Üò _hmamï>mMm {Vgam H«$_m§H$ bmJVmo. _hmamï>mZo XoemMm 9.36 Q>ŠHo$ àXoe ì`mnbobm Amho. 4.1.4 Z¡g{J©H$ gr_m

^maV : ^maVmÀ`m CÎmaog {h_mb` nd©V, B©emÝòg e{H$Zmo mo_m (AmamH$mZ `mo_m), nyd}g ~§JmbMm CngmJa, X{jUog qhXr _hmgmJa Va npíM_ ~mOyg Aa~r g_wÐ Amho.

_hmamîQ> : _hmamï>mÀ`m dm`ì` ^mJmV gmV_mim S>m|Ja am§Jm, JmiUm Q>oH$S>çm d gmVnwS>m nd©V am§JoVrb AH«$mUr Q>oH$S>çm, CÎmaog gmVnwS>m nd©V am§Jm d Ë`mÀ`m nyd}g Jm{dbJS> Q>oH$S>çm AmhoV. Va B©emÝòg XaHo$gm Q>oH$S>çm, nyd}g {Mamobr Q>oH$S>çm ^m_amJS> S>m|Ja `m Z¡g{J©H$ gr_m

114

{Z_m©U H$aVmV. X{jUog nR>mamda {haÊ`Ho$er ZXr d H$moH$UmV VoaoImob ZXr Va npíM_og Aa~r g_wÐ Aem _hmamï>mÀ`m Z¡g{J©H$ gr_m Amho. 4.1.5 amOH$s` gr_m d gahÔr

^maV : ^maVmÀ`m dm`ì og nm{H$ñVmZ, CÎmaog A\$Jm{UñVmZ `m A~-B©-dImZ ^mJmV A~-B©-n§Om XarMr _yR> ^maV d Vm{O{H$ñVmZ Xaå`mZ Amho. VgoM CÎmaog MrZ, Zonmi, ^yVmZ `m§À`m gahÔr AmhoV. nyd}g å`mZ_ma (~«÷Xoe) d ~m§JbmXoe AgyZ X{jUoH$S>o ^maVmnmgyZ _mZmaMo AmImV d nmëH$À`m gm_wÐYwZr_wio lrb§H$m ~oQ> AbJ Pmbo Amho.

_hmamï> : _hmamï>mÀ`m dm`ì` ^mJmV JwOamV amÁ` Am{U XmXam ZJa hdobr ho g§KamÁ` joÌ Amho. CÎmaog _Ü`àXoe, nyd}g N>ÎmrgJS> d Am¾o og Am§Y«àXoe amÁ`m§À`m gr_maofm AmhoV, Va X{jUog H$Zm©Q>H$ d Jmodm hr amÁò AmhoV.

ZH$mem 4.1 : ^maVmVrb _hmamï ´ >mMo ñWmZ Xe©{dUmam ZH$mem

680 nyd© aoImd¥Îm

80 CÎma Ajd¥Îm

720 760 800 840 880 920

680 720 760 800 840 880 920 960

120

160

200

240

280

320

360

Oå_y - H$mí_ra

{h_mMb àXoe

n§Om~

CÎma àXoe

h[a`mUm

amOñWmZ

_Ü` àXoe

{~hma

PmaI§S>

{g¸$s_

n. ~§Jmb

AéUmMb àXoe

Amgm_

{Ìnwam

_oKmb`ZmJmb°ÊS>

{_Pmoam_

_{Unya

Amo[agmN>ÎmrgJS>

_hmamï>

Jmodm

H$Zm©Q>H$

Ho$ai

Am§Y«àXoe

Vm{_iZmSy>A§X_mZ -{ZH$mo~ma

bj{Ûn

80

120

160

200

240

280

320

360

0 100 200 300 {H$_r.

JwOamV

115

4.1.6 amOH$s` ñdén ^maV : gÜ`m ^maVmV 28 KQ>H$ amÁò d 7 H|$Ð em{gV àXoe AgyZ {X„r d n°§mS>oMar `§mZm

nyU© amÁ`mMm XOm© XoÊ`mg§~§YrMr KmofUm H|$ÐmVrb AmKmS>r gaH$maZo Owb¡ 1998 _Üò Ho$br. joÌ\$imÀ`m Ñï>rZo gdm©V _moR>o amÁ` _Ü`àXoe (13.49 Q>ŠHo$) Amho Va gdm©V bhmZ amÁ` Jmodm (0.12 Q>ŠHo$) Amho.

_hmamï> : 1 _o 1960 amoOr _hmamï>mV 26 {Oëho, 256 VmbwHo$, 289 ehao d 3,577 IoS>r hmoVr. gÜ`m amÁ`mV 35 {Oëho AmhoV. d 6 àemgH$s` {d^mJ AmhoV. Vo nwT>rbà_mUo, (A) H$moH$U{d^mJ, (~) nwUo {d^mJ, (H) Zm{eH ${d^mJ, (S) Am¡a§Jm~mX {d^mJ, (B) A_amdVr {d^mJ, (\$) ZmJnya {d^mJ.

1960 gmbr ApñVÎdmV Amboë`m _hmamï>mV 26 {Oëho hmoVo. gÜ`m amÁ`mV 35 {Oëho Amho. `mn¡H$s qgYwXwJ©, OmbZm, JS>{Mamobr, bmVya, _w§~B© CnZJa ho {Oëho AZwH«$_o aËZm{Jar, Am¡a§Jm~mX, M§Ðnya, Cñ_mZm~mX, d ~¥hÝ_w§~B© {Oëhçm§VyZ doJio H$aÊ`mV Ambo. VgoM Hw$bm~m {OëhçmMo Zmd am`JS> H$aÊ`mV Ambo. Ywio {Oëhçm§VyZ Z§Xwa~ma d AH$mobm {OëhçmVyZ dm{e_ `m XmoZ Zì`m {Oëhçm§Mr {Z{_©Vr 1 Owb¡ 1998 amoOr H$aÊ`mV Ambr. Va 1 _o 1999 amoOr qhJmobr d Jm|{X`m ho Zdo {Oëho AZwH«$_o naÛr d ^§S>mam {OëhçmVyZ {Z_m©U Ho$bo. amÁ`mV 357 VmbwHo$ AmhoV.

ZH$mem 4.2 : _hmamï>mVrb àmXo{eH$ {d^mJ

_hmamï>

0 200 {H$_r.

nwUo

Zm{eH$

Z§Xya~ma

YwioOiJmd

Ah_XZJa

R>mUo

am`JS

>

aËZm{J

arqg

YwXwJ© H$ moëh

mnya

gm§Jbr

gmobmnyagmVmam

Zm§XoS>

Cñ_mZm~mX

bmVya

naÛr

qhJmobrOmbZm

`dV_miAm¡a§Jm~mX

~rS>

~wbT>mUm AH$mobm

dm{e_

A_amdVr

dYm©

ZmJnya ^§S>mam

M§Ðnya

JS>{Mamobr

Jm|{X`m

H$moH$U {d^mJZm{eH$ {d^mJnwUo {d^mJAm¡a§Jm~mX {d^mJA_amdVr {d^mJZmJnya {d^mJ

ÀmàmXo{eH$ {d^mJ

_w§~B©

116

VŠVm 4.1 : amÁ`mVrb {d^mJ d {Oëho

{d^mJ H«$.

{d^mJmMo Zmd A§V y©V {Oëho A§V y©V VmbwHo$

1 H$moH$U 1)_w§~B©, 2)R>mUo, 3)am`JS>, 4)aËZm{Jar, 5)qgYwXwJ©, 6)_w§~B© CnZJa

50

2 Zm{eH$ 7)Zm{eH$, 8)Ah_XZJa, 9)Ywio, 10)OiJmd, 11)Z§Xwa~ma

54

3 nwUo 12)nwUo, 13)gmVmam, 14)gm§Jbr, 15)H$moëhmnya, 16)gmobmnya

58

4 Am¡a§Jm~mX 17)Am¡a§Jm~mX, 18)ObZm, 19)naÛr, 20)~rS>, 21)Cñ_mZm~mX, 22)bmVya, 23)Zm§XoS>, 24)qhJmobrŸ

76

5 A_amdVr 25)~wbT>mUm, 26)AH$mobm, 27)A_amdVr, 28)`dV_mi, 29)dmer

56

6 ZmJnya 30)dYm©, 31)ZmJnya, 32) §S>mam, 33)JS>{Mamobr, 34)M§Ðnya, 35)Jm|{X`m

63

g§X © : _hmamï´> 2006, S>m°.g§Vmof XmñVmZo, n¥.14.

4.2 nwUo {OëømMm Aä`mg nwUo {OëhçmMr àmH¥${VH$ aMZm gd©gmYmaUnUo {dMma H$aVm AJXr gmYr, na§Vw

d¡{eîQ>ç>nyU© Amho. _hmamîQ>mVrb gømÐr nd©V(npíM_ KmQ) am§J npíM_obm AgyZ Vr CÎma-X{jU {XeoV H$moH$U {H$ZmanQ²>Q>rbm g_m§Va {XeoV Jobobr Amho. Ë`mÀ`mM eoOmar nyd}bm _hmamï> nR>ma qH$dm X»IZMo nR>ma Amho, Ë`mbm Xoe åhUVmV. nR>mamÀ`m npíM_obm gô`mÐr nd©VmMm C§M H$S>m Amho. `m{edm` {Oëhçm_YyZ npíM_-nyd© gømÐrÀ`m Cnam§Jm Joboë`m AmhoV. {OëømÀ`m CÎma gr_odéZ h[aíM§ÐmMr S>m|Ja am§J npíM_-nyd© {Xeog Jobobr Amho. Va X{jU gr_odéZ Zram ZXr nyd}H$S>o dmhV OmVo. ^r_m ZXr hr {OëhçmVrb _w»` ZXr Amho. Vr nwUo {OëhçmÀ`m npíM_og {^_me§H$a òWo gømÐr nd©VmV CJ_ nmdVo d {OëhçmÀ`m X{jU-nyd© Aer dmhV OmD$Z gmobmnya {OëhçmV àdoe H$aVo. nwUo {OëhçmÀ`m àË oH$ VmbwŠ`mVyZ EH$Var ZXr dmhmV Amho Ago AmT>iyZ òVo.

nwUo {OëhçmÀ`m CËVaog d nyd}g Ah_XZJa {Oëhm, Am½Zo obm gmobmnya, X{jUobm gmVmam Va npíM_obm am`JS> {Oëhm Amho. dm`ì obm R>mUo {OëhçmMo ñWmZ Amho. Va Am½Zo {Xeobm gmobmnya {Oëhm Amho.

117

ZH$mem 4.3 : _hmamîQ>mVrb nwUo {OëhçmMo ñWmZ

4.2.1 ñWmZ, {dñVma d àmH¥${VH$ aMZm

_hmamîQ> nR>mamdarb {deofV: npíM_ _hmamîQ>mVrb eoVr d gmIa H$maImZXmarÀ`m ÑîQ>rZo _hÎdmMm AgUmam nwUo {Oëhm AË`§V d¡{eîQ>çnyU© Amho. nwUo {Oëhm 17.50 d 19.20 CËVa Ajm§j Am{U 73.20 d 75.10 nyd© aoIm§e `m ^m¡Jmo{bH$ nÅ>>çm_Üò dgbm Amho. {OëømÀ`m CËVaog Am{U nyd}g Ah_XZJa {Oëhm AgyZ X{jU, npíM_, Am½Zo d dm`ìòg AZwH«$_o gmVmam, am`JS>, gmobmnya d R>mUo ho {Oëho AmhoV. nwUo {OëhçmMo joÌ\$i 15,620.58 Mm¡.{H$_r. AgyZ Vo amÁ`mÀ`m joÌ\$imÀ`m 5 Q>ŠHo$ Amho. O_rZ C§M gIb Agë`mZo KmQ>_mWm, _mdi d nR>ma Ago {OëhçmMo VrZ ñdm^m{dH$ {d^mJ nS>bo Amho. OwÝZa, Am§~oJmd, _mdi, _wier, doëho, ^moa ho VmbwHo$ KmQ>_mÏ`mda AgyZ 8 VmbwHo$ _mdi d nR>mar ^mJmV AmhoV.nwUo {OëhçmMo nR>ma gnmQ> Zmhr. nR>mamMm npíM_ H$S>m IynM C§M Amho. gô`mÐr nd©VmÀ`m _moR>çm am§Jm CËVaoH$Sy>Z X{jUog ngaboë`m AmhoV. {OëhçmVrb _hÎdmÀ`m S>m|Ja am§Jm§_Üò (A) h[aíM§Ð nd©V (~) OrdYZ (H$) T>mH$-Amhþno `m§Mm g_mdoe hmoVmo.

nwUo {OëhçmV H$mir, Vm§~S>r a§JmMr O_rZ Amho. npíM_oH$Sy>Z OgOgo nyd}H$S>o Omdo VgVer O_rZ H$gXma d gwnrH$ AmT>iVo. npíM_oH$S>rb VmbwŠ`mV _mVr Vm§~S>r d hbH$s Amho. qMMdS>Odi _O~yV d {Q>H$mD$ XJS>mÀ`m ImUr AmhoV. Ea§S>dUo, nmfmU `m ^mJmV {eaJmoio,

118

JmaoMo XJS> d a§JmgmR>r bmoUmar d JoéMr bmb _mVr gmnS>Vo. {OëhçmÀ`m nyd© ^mJmV MwZIS>r gmnS>Vo.

ZH$mem 4.4 : nwUo {OëhçmMr àmH¥${VH$ aMZm

ZH$mem 4.5 : nwUo {OëhçmVrb ^m¡Jmo{bH$ joÌmMo {dVaU Xe©{dUmam ZH$mem

4.2.2 nwUo {OëhçmMo ^m¡Jmo{bH$ joÌ

nwUo {OëhçmMo ^m¡Jmo{bH$ joÌ\$i 15,620.58 Mm¡.{H$_r. EdT>o AgyZ nwUo {OëhçmV OwÝZa, Am§~oJmd, {eéa, IoS>, _mdi, _wier, hdobr, Xm¢S>, nwa§X>a, doëho, ^moa, ~mam_Vr d

Zram ZXr

H$èhm ZXr

_wim-_wR>m ZXr

_wR>m ZXr

_wim ZXr

ndZ>m ZXr

B§ÐmÙr ZXr ^r_m ZXr

KmoS> ZXr

Hw$H$S>r ZXr

^mQ>Ka YaU

_wier YaU

ndZm YaU

0 25 50 {H$_r.

900 300 600300

nojm OmñVVonojm H$_r

gyMr

VmåhrUr S >m|Ja

_m§S>dr S>m|Ja

{e§Jr S>m|Jadgw©

~ Bm S>m |Ja

h [a íM§ Ð S>m| a J

n wa §Xa Q >oH$S>çm

C§Mr _rQ>g©_Ü o

119

B§Xmnya `m 13 VmbwŠ`m§Mm g_mdoe hmoVmo. VgoM qnnar-qMMdS> d nwUo eha `m§Mmhr g_mdoe Amho. nwUo eha ho {OëhçmMo _w»` {R>H$mU Amho. nwUo {OëhçmV EHy$U 1866 Jmdo AmhoV. {OëhçmMo EHy$U ^m¡Jmo{bH$ joÌ 15,62,058 hoŠQ>a AgyZ ^m¡Jmo{bH$ joÌmÀ`m {ddaU VŠVm 4.2

_Üò XmI{dbo Amho. nwUo {OëhçmVrb EHy$U ^m¡Jmo{bH$ joÌmn¡H$s gdm©V OmñV joÌ ho bmJdS>rImbrb {Zìdi H$gboë`m joÌmMo (62.13 Q>ŠHo$) Amho. eoVrbm CnbãY Zgbobo, EHy$U nS>rH$ d nS>rH$ ì`{V[aº$ bmJdS> Z Pmbobo joÌ Odi-Odi 26.87 Q>ŠHo$ AgyZ O§Jbm§Zr ì`mnbobo joÌ 11 Q>ŠHo$ EdT>o Amho.

VŠVm 4.2 : nwUo {OëømVrb ^y_rCn`moOZ joÌmMo dJuH$aU (1998-99)

A.Z§. Vnerb (~m~r) joÌ

(hoŠQ>a_Üò) EHy$U joÌmer eoH$S>m à_mU

1 O§Jbì`má joÌ 171809 11.00 2 eoVrbm CnbãY Zgbobo joÌ - - A){~JaeoVr dmnamVrb 63995 4.10 ~)nS>rH$/bmJdS>rbm`H$ Zgbobo 104251 6.67 EHy$U (A+~) 168246 10.77

3 nS>rH$ O{_Zrì`{V[aº$ bmJdS> Z Pmbobr EHy$U O_rZ

- -

A) bmJdS>rbm`H$ na dmnamV Zgbobr 32918 2.10 ~)H$m`_ JwaoMaU d MaÊ`mMr OmJm 65577 4.20 H$)H$gboë`m O_rZr g_m{dï> Zgbobr

PmS>oPwSy>no 25607 1.64

EHy$U (A+~+H$) 124103 7.94 4 nS>rH$ O_rZ - - A)Mmby nS>rH$ O_rZ 62083 3.98 ~)BVa nS>rH$ O_rZ 65336 4.18 EHy$U (A+~) 127419 8.16

5 bmJdS>rImbrb {Zìdi H$gbobo joÌ 970481 62.13 EHy$U ^m¡Jmo{bH$ joÌ 1562058 100.00

g§X © : {Oëhm gm_m{OH$ d Am{W©H$ g_mbmoMZ-nwUo {Oëhm, 2003-04 AW© d gm§p»`H$s g§MmbZmb`, _hmamï>

120

VŠVm 4.3 : nwUo {OëømVrb ^y_rCn`moOZ joÌmMo dJuH$aU (1998-99)

A. Z§.

Vnerb (~m~r) joÌ

(hoŠQ>a_Üò) EHy$U joÌmer eoH$S>m à_mU

1 {Zìdi noabobo joÌ 970481 62.13 2 XwgmoQ>m 175201 11.22 3 {nH$mImbrb EHy$U joÌ (1+2) 1145682 73.35 4 O§Jbo 171809 11.00 5 AmogmS>, ZmnrH$ d BVa nS>rH$ joÌ 244567 15.65 EHy$U ^m¡Jmo{bH$ joÌ 1562058 100.00

g§X © : H¥$fr Am`wº$mb`, nwUo

4.2.3 hdm_mZ _hmamï>mVrb hdm_mZ AË §V d¡{eîQ>çnyU© Amho. àmH¥${VH$ aMZoMm n[aUm_ àm_w»`mZo

hdm_mZmda hmoVmo. amÁ`mÀ`m npíM_obm AgUmè`m Aa~r g_wÐmMm hdm_mZmda n[aUm_ hmoVmo. ~amo~a VemM àH$mao nwUo {OëhçmÀ`m hdm_mZmda n[aUm_ hmoVmo. H$moH$U {H$ZmanQ²>Q>rbm g_m§Va CËVa-X{jU ngaboë`m `m am§JoMm n[aUm_ `m hdm_mZmda hmoVmo. `m nd©Vam§Jo_wio Z¡F$Ë` _mog_r dmao AS>{dbo OmD$Z {Oëhçmbm ~amMgm nmD$g {_iVmo. Ë`m_wio npíM_ ^mJmV ânya nmD$g hmoVmo. npíM_oH$Sy>Z OgOgo nyd}H$S>o Omdo VgVgm Vmo H$_ro hmoVmo d AJXr nyd}À`m Q>moH$mg A§XmOo 600 Vo 700 {_br_rQ>a nmD$g nS>Vmo Va npíM_og 1171 {_br_rQ>a nmD$g nS>Vmo.

nwUo {Oëhçm_Üò CÝhmù`mV hdm_mZ CîU AgVo. nyd}H$S>rb B§Xmnya, Xm¢S> d ~mam_Vr `m VmbwŠ`mVrb hdm_mZ OmñV CîU AgVo Va npíM_oH$S>o Vo W§S> AmT>iVo. 4.2.4 Vmn_mZ

nwUo {OëhçmÀ`m Vmn_mZm_Üò gd©Ì {^ÝZVm AmT>iVo. {Oëhçm_Üò _mM©, E{àb, _o d OyZÀ`m _Ü`mn ªV CÝhmim F$Vy AgVmo. {Oëhçm_Ü o dm{f©H$ {H$_mZ Vmn_mZ 10.50 C Va H$_mb Vmn_mZ 37.70 C. AgVo. CÝhmù`m_Ü o Vmn_mZ OmñV Va {hdmù`mV H$_r AgVo. 4.2.5 nO©Ý`_mZ d gy ©àH$me

nwUo {Oëhçm_Üò gmYmaUnUo OyZÀ`m _Ü`mnmgyZ nmdgmbm gwédmV hmoVo. nmD$g Z¡F$Ë` _mog_r dmè`mÛmao {_iVmo. {Oëhçm_Üò nmdgmMo {dVaU {df_ ñdénmMo Amho. npíM_ KmQ>mÀ`m ^mJmV dm{f©H$ gamgar nmdgmMo à_mU 400 go_r.nojm OmñV Amho, Va npíM_ KmQ>mÀ`m eoOmar Agboë`m _mdi ^mJmV nmdgmMo à_mU 200 Vo 400 go_r. Xaå`mZ Amho. Va npíM_ _hmamï>mVrb gd© {OëømV nmdgmMo à_mU 50 Vo 100 go_r. Amho.

121

{Oëô`mÀ`m npíM_oH$S>rb VmbwŠ`mV {deofV: ^moa, doëhm, _mdi, _wier, Am§~oJmd d OwÝZa òWo gamgar 1171 {__r. nmD$g {_iVmo. Va npíM_oH$Sy>Z nyd}H$S>o OmVmZm nmdgmMo à_mU H$_r H$_r hmoV OmVo. nyd}H$S>rb VmbwŠ`m§_Üò nmdgmMo à_mU H$_r åhUOo 600-700 {__r. EdT>o AmT>iVo. nO©Ý`_mZ H$_r AgyZgwÕm ~mam_Vr, Xm¢S>, B§Xmnya Am{U {eê$a `m VmbwŠ`m§_Üò YaUmÀ`m nmÊ`mda _moR>çm à_mUmda Ho$ir bmJdS> H$ê$Z CËnmXZ KoVbo OmVo.

ZH$mem 4.6 : nwUo {OëømMm Vmn_mZ d nO©Ý` {dVaU Xe©{dUmam ZH$mem

4.2.6 gy ©àH$me

nwUo {Oëøm_Üò df© a ânya gy ©àH$me AgVmo. amÁ`m_Üò d {OëømV nmdgmim, {hdmim d CÝhmim `m {VÝhr F$Vy§_Üò gy ©àH$me ñdÀN> d ânya AgVmo. na§Vw Var gwÕm VwbZm

0 25 50 {H$_r.

22 C22 C 26 C26 C 30 C30 C34 C

0

0 0

0 0

0

0

nojm H$_r Vo Vo Vo nojm OmñV

34 C0

gyMr

0 25 50 {H$_r.

3000 nojm Vo Vo Vo

nojm

2500 30002000 25001500 20001000 1500500 1000500

H$_r

VoVo

OmñV

gyMrnO©Ý`_mZ {__r _Ü o

122

H$aVm _mM©, E{àb _o d OyZ _Ü`mn`ªV CÝhmim hm F$Vy Agë`mZo gy ©àH$memMr Vrd«Vm OmñV OmUdVo. 4.2.7 O_rZ

_hmamîQ> ho amÁ` X»IZÀ`m nR>mamdarb _hÎdmMo amÁ` Amho. X»IZMo nR>ma {ebmagmZo V`ma Pmbo Amho. `m nR>mada ~og°mëQ> d J«°ZmB©Q> ho IS>H$ AmT>iVmV. Ë`m§Mr µµPrO hmoD$Z _hmamîQ>mVrb _¥Xm V`ma Pmbr Amho. _hmamï´>mV `m _¥Xm V`ma hmoÊ`mgmR>r amÁ`mVrb _yi IS>H$, hdm_mZ, dZñnVr, àmH¥${VH$ aMZm d {Z{_©VrgmR>r bmJUmam H$mbmdYr `m KQ>H$m§Mm n[aUm_ Pmbobm Amho. `m gd© KQ>H$m§Mm n[aUm_gwÕm nwUo {Oëô`mÀ`m _¥Xm {Z{_©Vrda Pmbobm Amho. Ë`m_wio {Oëøm_Üò (1) H$mir _¥Xm, (2) Om§ä`m a§JmMr _¥Xm, (3) _wa_mS> _¥Xm B. _¥Xm àH$ma AmT>iVmV. Ho$irMo nrH$ H$mù`m d _Ü`_ O{_ZrV Mm§Jbo òVo. na§Vw ì`mnmar VÎdmda Ooìhm bmJdS> H$am`Mr AgVo, Ë`mdoir VoWrb _mVr n[ajUmMo AhdmbmZwgma _Ü`_ Vo Mm§Jë`m O{_ZrV Ho$irMr bmJdS> èñdr H$aVm òVo.

nwUo {OëømVrb _¥Xm \$i~mJ bmJdS>rg `mo½` AgyZ {OëømVrb AZwH«$_o Xm¢S>, ~mam_Vr, B§Xmnya, {eéa, OwÝZa, hdobr VmbwŠ`mVrb \$i bmJdS>rImbrb joÌ _moR>o Amho. {OëømVrb nyd© d npíM_ `m_Yrb nÅ>çmVrb VmbwŠ`m_Üò {deofV: OwÝZa, {eéa, hdobr, Xm¢S>, ~mam_Vr, B§Xmnya VmbwŠ`mVrb O_rZ \$i~mJ bmJdS>rg `mo½` AgyZ `m_Üò {deofV: Ho$ir bmJdS>rImbrb joÌ _moR>o Amho d VoWrb O_rZ Ho$ir bmJdS>rg `mo½` R>abr Amho.

ZH$mem 4.7 : nwUo {OëømVrb _¥Xm {dVaUmMm ZH$mem

123

124

VŠVm 4.5 : nwUo {OëømVrb J«m_rU d ZmJar bmoH$g§»òMo à_mU df © 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001

J«m_rU 61.90 58.15 52.67 49.25 41.92

ehar 38.06 41.85 47.33 50.73 58.08

AmboI 4.1 : nwUo {OëømVrb J«m_rU d ZmJar bmoH$g§»òMo à_mU (2001 OZJUZoZwgma)

VŠVm 4.5 déZ Ago {XgyZ òVo H$s nwUo {OëømV 2001 À`m OZJUZoZwgma EHy$U bmoH$g§»òÀ`m 41.92 Q>ŠHo$ bmoH$g§»`m J«m_rU ^mJmV Va 58.08 Q>ŠHo$ bmoH$g§»`m ZmJar (ehar) ^mJmV amhVo. {OëømVrb ZmJar ^mJmVrb EHy$U bmoH$g§»òn¡H$s 89 Q>ŠHo$ bmoH$g§»`m nwUo d qnnar-qMMdS> ehamV gm_mdbobr Amho. {OëømVrb J«m_rU d ZmJar bmoH$g§»òV H$go ~Xb Pmbo Vo 4.1 AmboImV Xe©{dbo Amho.

nwUo {OëømV J«m_rU d ehar ^mJmV amhUmè`m bmoH$m§À`m à_mUmV {Xdg|{Xdg ~Xb hmoV OmVmZm {d{dY OZJUZodéZ {XgyZ òVo. {OëømVrb J«m_rU d ZmJar bmoH$g§»òMo à_mU Xe©{dUmam AmboI 4.1 _Üò Xe©{dbobm Amho.

darb AmH$S>odmar d AmboImdéZ Ago {XgyZ òVo H$s 1961 _Üò J«m_rU ^mJmV amhUmè`m bmoH$m§Mo à_mU 61.90 Q>ŠHo$ hmoVo Vo 2001 _Üò 41.92 Q>ŠHo$ n`ªV H$_r Pmbobo {XgyZ òVo. Va ZmJar ^mJmV `mM H$mbmdYrV 38.06 Q>ŠHo$ déZ ho à_mU dmT>V OmD$Z Vo 58.08 Q>ŠHo$ da Jobobo {XgyZ òVo. (A) ór-nwéf à_mU

2001 À`m OZJUZoZwgma {OëømVrb Xa hOma nwéfm§_mJo {ó`m§Mr g§»`m 919 Amho. J«m_rU d ehar ^mJmV Vr AZwH«$_o 946 d 999 Amho. amÁ`mÀ`m Xa hOma nwéfm§_mJo {ó`m§Mo

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1961 1971 1981 1991 2001

J«m_rUehar

125

à_mU 922 AgyZ J«m_rU d ehar ^mJmV Vo AZwH«$_o 959 d 873 Amho. 1961 nmgyZ AmOn`ªVÀ`m {d{dY OZJUZoV ho à_mU H$em àH$mao ~Xbobr Amho Vo 4.2 AmboImÛmao Xe©{dbobo Amho. AmboI d VŠË`mdarb AmH$S>odmarZwgma ór-nwéf aMZoVrb ~Xbm§Mr H$ënZm òVo.

VŠVm 4.6 : nwUo {OëømVrb ór-nwê$f à_mU

df© 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001

J«m_rU 992.04 982.78 988.07 964.38 946.57

ehar 871.67 686.42 882.94 904.36 899.4

EHy$U 944.40 933.27 936.88 933.46 918.89

AmboI 4.2 nwUo {OëømVrb ór-nwê$f à_mU (2001 OZJUZoZwgma)

(~) bmoH$g§»òMr KZVm 2001 À`m OZJUZoZwgma {Oëøm§Mr bmoH$g§»òMr KZVm Xa Mm¡.{H$_r. 462 _mUgo EdT>r

hmoVr. nwUo {OëømV nwUo eha VhgrbmV KZVm gdm©V OmñV åhUOo 14,652 ì`º$s Va gdm©V H$_r KZVm doëho VmbwŠ`mV 112 ì`º$s EdT>r AmT>iVo. {OëømVrb bmoH$g§»òMr KZVm Xe©{dUmam VŠVm 4.6 _Ü o Xe©{dbm Amho. 2001 À`m OZJUZoZwgma nwUo {OëømMr bmoH$g§»òMr KZVm Xa Mm¡.{H$_r.bm 462 EdT>r AgyZ bmoH$g§»`m KZVoZwgma nwUo {OëømMm amÁ`mV Xwgam H«$_m§H$ bmJVmo. nwUo {OëømV 1961, 1971, 1981, 1991 gmbÀ`m OZJUZoZwgma bmoH$g§»òMr KZVm AZwH«$_o 158, 203, 266, 354 EdT>r hmoVr. ZmJar ^mJmV bmoH$g§»òMr KZVm 6,765 Amho Va, J«m_rU ^mJmV Vr 202 AmT>iVo. EHy$U bmoH$g§»òn¡H$s nwUo eha VmbwŠ`mV 37 Q>ŠHo$ bmoH$g§»`m Amho Va hdobr VmbwŠ`mV 19 Q>ŠHo$ Amho. ~mam_Vr, B§Xmnya, OwÞa, Xm¢S> d IoS> `m VmbwŠ`mV 25 Q>ŠHo$, _mdi d {eéa 8 Q>ŠHo$, Am§~oJmd d nwa§Xa 6 Q>ŠHo$, ^moa d _wier 4 Q>ŠHo$ Amho.

800

820

840

860

880

900

920

940

960

980

1000

1961 1971 1981 1991 2001

J«m_rUeharEHy$U

126

ZH$mem 4.8 : nwUo {OëømVrb bmoH$g§»`m KZVm

VŠVm 4.7 : nwUo {OëømVrb bmoH$g§» oMr KZVm, joÌ d g_m{dï> Jmdm§Mr g§»`m Xe©{dUmam VmbwH$mdma Vº$m

A. Z§.

Vhgrb joÌ Mm¡.{H$._r. Xa Mm¡.{H$._s. _Yrb

bmoH$g§»`m g_m{dï> Agbobr Jmdm§Mr bmoH$g§»`m

1 OwÞa 1384 267 183 2 Am§~oJmd 1043 205 143 3 {eê$a 1557 199 117 4 IoS> 1400 245 188 5 _mdi 1131 270 187

6 _wier 1039 123 144 7 hdobr 1337 1012 108 8 nwUo eha 184 14652 0 9 Xm¢S> 1290 265 103

10 nwa§Xa 1104 202 108 11 doëho 497 112 130 12 ^moa 892 193 195 13 ~mam_Vr 1382 270 117 14 B§Xmnya 1468 237 143

EHy$U 15642 462 1866 Q>rn: 1991 À`m {OëømÀ`m joÌ\$imMr _m{hVr gìh}Aa Am°\$ B§{S>`m `m§MoH$Sy>Z, VmbwH$mdma joÌ\$imMr _m{hVr amÁ`mÀ`m y_r d A{^boI H$m`m©b`mH$Sy>Z KoVbr Agë`m_wio VmbwH$mdma ~oarO {OëømÀ`m joÌ\$imer OwiobM Ago Zmhr.

g§X © : {Oëhm gm_m{OH$ d Am{W©H$ g_mbmoMZ, 2003-04 Am{U 2005-06.

nwwa§Xa

{eê$a

amOJwéZJa (IoS>)

OwÝZa

0 25 50 {H$._r.

CÎma

^mooa

doëho~mam_Vr

B§Xmnya

Xm¢S

_mdi

_wier

Am§~oJmd

300 30251

nojm OmñV

10

1 300 30 2

VoVoVoVoVo

00

201 50151 200

0 150

gyMr

127

VŠVm 4.8 : nwUo {OëømMr bmoH$g§»`m (000 _Üò)

df© 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001

J«m_rU 1527 1848 2193 2725 3032

ehar 939 1330 1971 2807 4201

EHy$U 2466 3178 4164 5532 7233s

AmboI 4.3 : nwUo {OëømMr bmoH$g§»`m (2001 OZJUZoZwgma)

nwUo {Oëøm_Üò 1961 nmgyZ 2001 gmbmn`ªV {d{dY OZJUZoZwgma Pmbobo ~Xb darb AmboImÛmao Xe©{dbo Amho. 4.2.8 dmhVwH$

dmhVwH$ hm _mZdmMm V¥Vr` loUrMm _hÎdmMm ì`dgm` Amho. H$moUË`mhr XoemMm, amÁ`mMm, {OëømMm Am{W©H$ {dH$mg VoWrb dmhVwH$ gmYZo, gmo r-gw{dYm§da Adb§~yZ AgVmo. dmhVyH$sda àm_w»`mZo àmH¥${VH$ aMZm, hdm_mZ B._hÎdmÀ`m KQ>H$m§Mm n[aUm_ hmoVmo. AmYw{ZH$ AW©ì`dñWm àm_w»`mZo H$maImZXmar d ì`mnma `mda Adb§~yZ Amho. nwUo {OëømV gd©Ì dmhVyH$ ì`dñWoMo Mm§Jbo Omio {Z_m©U Pmbo Amho. 2005 AIoaÀ`m AmH$S>odmarZwgma nwUo {Oëøm_Üò (1)

ÐþVJVr (EŠgàog) _mJ© d amï>r` _hm_mJ©, (2) amÁ` _hm_mJ©, (3) à_wI {Oëhm _mJ©, (4) BVa {Oëhm _mJ©, (5) Jmd añVo (J«m_rU añVo) ApñVÎdmV Amho. `m gd© añË`m§Mr EHy$U bm§~r 13,840

{H$_r. Amho Va, amï>r` _hm_mJm©Mr bm§~r 397 {H$_r. Amho. {OëømVyZ nwUo-_w§~B© hm ÐþVJVr _mJ©, nwUo-Zm{eH$, nwUo-gmobmnya, nwUo-_w§~B©, nwUo-~§Jbmoa ho Mma amï´>r` _hm_mJ© Jobobo AmhoV. `m{edm` nwUo-OoOwar, H$mnyahmoi-_hmS>, ZJa-H$ë`mU B. amÁ`_mJ© Amho.

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

1961 1971 1981 1991 2001

J«m_rU ehar EHy$U

128

{OëømV Agboë`m _mJmª_wio {OëømVrb _hÎdmMr ehao d VmbwŠ`mMr {R>H$mUo OmoS>br Jobr AmhoV. nwUo {OëømV AgUmè`m bmoh_mJ©, amï´>r` _hm_mJm©_wio àdmgr d _mb dmhVyH$ _moR>çm à_mUmda hmoVo. nwUo-_w§~B©, nwUo-gmobmnya, nwUo-{_aO, nwUo-~mam_Vr bmoh_mJ© AmhoV. nwUo {OëømV nwUo, bmoUmdim, Xm¢S>, OoOwar hr _hÎdmMr aoëdo ñWmZHo$ AmhoV. {Oëhm d amÁ` añË`m§Mr bm§~r Xe©{dUmam VŠVm 4.9 _Üò Xe©{dbm Amho.

VŠVm 4.9 _Üò Xe©{dë`mà_mUo {OëømV EHy$U amï>r` _hm_mJmªMr bm§~r 397 {H$_r. hmoVr. _hmamï>mV 4,967 {H$_r. bm§~rMo amï>r` _hm_mJ© hmoVo. `mn¡H$s 9.09 Q>ŠHo$ amï>r` _hm_mJ© nwUo {OëømV AmhoV. amÁ`mVrb EHy$U amÁ` _hm_mJ©, à_wI {Oëhm _mJ©, BVa {Oëhm _mJ© d J«m_rU añË`m§n¡H$s AZwH«$_o 3.96, 6.03, 5.76 d 6.72 Q>ŠHo$ añVo nwUo {OëømV hmoVo. nwUo XoemVrb {d{dY eham§er hdmB©, aoëdo VgoM añVo `m§Zr OmoS>bobo Amho.

VŠVm 4.9 : nwUo {Oëhm d _hmamï> amÁ`mVrb añVo

A. Z§.

añË`m§Mm àH$ma nwUo {OëømVrb añË`m§Mr bm§~r

({H$._r.)

_hmamï> amÁ` añVo bm§~r ({H$._r.)

amÁ`mVrb añË`m§er {OëømVb añË`m§Mo

eoH$S>m à_mU 1 amï>r` _hm_mJ© 397 4367 9.09 2 amÁ` _hm_mJ© 1326 33406 3.96 3 à_wI {Oëhm _mJ© 2946 48827 6.03 4 BVa {Oëhm _mJ© 2582 44792 5.76

4 J«m_rU añVo 6589 97913 6.72 EHy$U(1 Vo 5) 13840 229302 6.03

6 aoëdo _mJmªMr EHy$U bm§~r 311 5527 5.62

g§X © : {Oëhm gm_m{OH$ d Am{W©H$ g_mbmoMZ, 2005-06

4.2.9 {ejU Am{W©H$ {dH$mgmV _mZdr gmYZgm_J«rMm AZÝ`gmYmaU _hÎd AgyZ _mZdr

gmYZgm_J«rÀ`m {dH$mgmV {ejU hm KQ>H$ _mobmMr â KmbVmo. XoemVrb OZVm _moR>çm à_mUmda gw{e{jV Agob (gmja) Va Am{W©H$ {dH$mgmMr JVr A{YH$ amhVo. eoVH$ar dJ© _moR>çm à_mUmda gmja Pmbm Va {deofV: {nH$m§Mr {ZdS>, ObqgMZ nÕVr, IVo, O§VwZmeHo$, ~mOma^md, dmhVyH$, eoV_mb {H$_Vr, _Ü`ñW, _mbmMo n°qH$J, ~mJoMr ì`dñWm B.~m~V OmJéH$ amhÿZ CËnmXZm_Üò dmT> hmoÊ`mg _XV hmoVo. eoVH$ar Oa A{e{jV, AS>mUr, A§YlÕmiy Agob Va Vmo OmñVrV OmñV nma§nm[aH$ eoVrH$S>o diVmo. AmYw{ZH$ V§ÌkmZ ñdrH$maÊ`mg Vmo V`ma ZgVmo. 2001 À`m OZJUZoZwgma {OëømVrb EHy$U gmjaVm VŠVm 4.9 _Ü o Xe©{dbr Amho.

129

nwUo {OëømV 4,440 àmW{_H$ emim, 1,099 _mÜ`{_H$ d Cƒ _mÜ`{_H$ emim d 40 Cƒ e¡j{UH$ g§ñWm {ejUmMo H$m`© H$arV AmhoV. `m g§ñWm§_Üò AZwH«$_o 7.80 bmI, 6.70

bmI, 0.44 bmI {dÚmWu nQ>mda AmhoV. gm_mÝ` {ejU _hm{dÚmb`m§{edm` Mma d¡ÚH$s` _hm{dÚmbò, nmM Am`wd}{XH$ _hm{dÚmbò, VrZ hmo{_Amon°{WH$ _hm{dÚmbò, 12 {ejU {df`H$ nXdr _hm{dÚmbò d 15 nX{dH$m _hm{dÚmbò H$m`©aV AmhoV. VgoM _wº$ {dÚmnrR>mMr H|$Ðo AmhoV. {OëømV EHy$U 15 Am¡Úmo{JH$ à{ejU g§ñWm AmhoV. Am¢Y Am¡Úmo{JH$ à{ejU g§ñWm gdm©V _moR>r AgyZ, `m {R>H$mUr _wbtgmR>r EH$_od g§ñWm Amho.

{OëømVrb gmjaVm à_mUmV {Xdg|{Xdg dmT> hmoV AgyZ, {OëømVrb J«m_rU d ZmJar gmja bmoH$g§»òMo à_mU Xe©{dUmam VŠVm d AmboImdéZ ñnîQ> hmoVo. Imbrb AmboImV 1961 Vo 2001 {d{dY OZJUZoZwgma gmjaVoVrb ~Xb Xe©{dbobm Amho.

VŠVm 4.10 : nwUo {OëømVrb gmjaVm (2001 À`m OZJUZoZwgma)

{d^mJ gmja bmoH$g§»`m gmjaVm à_mU

nwê$f {ó`m EHy$U nwê$f {ó`m EHy$U J«m_rU 1108545 768275 1876820 59.07 40.93 37 ehar 1771216 1391254 3162470 56.01 43.99 63 EHy$U 2879761 2159529 5039290 57.54 42.46 100.00

VŠVm 4.11 : nwUo {OëømVrb J«m_rU d ZmJar gmjaVoMo à_mU df © 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001

nwê$f 46.20 56.30 65.20 81.60 88.34

{ó`m 21.70 32.10 42.10 59.80 71.89

EHy$U 34.30 44.60 54.00 71.10 80.45

AmboI 4.4 : nwUo {OëømVrb J«m_rU d ZmJar gmjaVm à_mU

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

1961 1971 1981 1991 2001

nwê$f

{ó`m

EHy$U

130

4.2.10 nmUrnwadR>m ^r_m hr {OëømVrb à_wI ZXr Amho. Vr nwUo {OëømÀ`m npíM_og gømÐr nd©VmVrb

^r_me§H$a òWo CJ_ nmdVo. npíM_og Agboë`m ^maVmVrb _hÎdmMm gømÐr nd©V am§JmMm àXoe Amho. Ë`m_wio gømÐrÀ`m nyd© CVmamda nS>Umè`m nmdgm_wio ZÚm npíM_-nyd© {Xeo_Üò dmhV AmhoV. {OëømVrb ZÚm§Mo d¡{eîQ>ç åhUOo gd© ZÚm {OëømVM CJ_ nmdVmV. `m ZÚm§_Üò ^r_m, KmoS>, Hw$H$S>r, B§ÐmÙr, _wR>m, _wim, ^m_m, _rZm, òid§S>r, _m§S>dr, nwînmdVr, ndZm, H$èhm, {Zam, Jw§OdUr, {edJ§Jm `m§Mm g_mdoe hmoVmo. `m gd© ZÚm§_Üò ^r_m, {Zam, _wim-_wR>m, B§ÐmÙr `m _hÎdmÀ`m ZÚm AmhoV (ZH$mem 4.9). {OëømVrb ZÚm nmdgmù`mV XwWS>r ^éZ dmhVmV, Va CÝhmù`mV H$moaS>çm AgVmV. na§Vw ZÚm§À`m Imoè`mVrb àXoe AmR>_mhr ~mJm`Vr Amho. nwUo {OëømÀ`m àËòH$ VmbwŠ`mVyZ EH$ Var ZXr dmhV Amho Ago AmT>iyZ òVo.

{OëømÀ`m àmH¥${VH$ aMZm àH$ënm§gmR>r AZwHy$b Agë`mZo bhmZ-_moR>çm àH$ënm§Mr g§»`m OmñV Amho. Ë`m_Ü o qnniJmd OmoJo, òS>Jmd, qS> o, _m{UH$S>moh, dS>O, MmgH$_mZ, dagJmd, nmZeoV, IS>H$dmgbm, _wier, ndZm, KmoS>, ZmPao, COZr, ^mQ>Ka, {Zam-XodYa B. àH$ënm§_YyZ H$mbì`mÛmao eoVrbm nmUrnwadR>m Ho$bm OmVmo. {OëømVrb {d{dY gmYZm§Imbrb Amo{bVmMo joÌ VŠVm 4.12 _Ü o {Xbobo Amho.

{OëømV EHy$U Amo{bVmImbrb ñWyb joÌmMr bmJdS>rImbrb ñWyb joÌmer Agbobr Q>ŠHo$dmar \$º$ 27.34 EdT>r AgyZ EHy$U Amo{bVmImbrb joÌ 2,63,208 hoŠQ>a Amho.

ZH$mem 4.9 : nwUo {OëømVrb à_wI ZÚm

131

VŠVm 4.12 : nwUo {OëømVrb {d{dY qgMZ gmYZm§Imbrb Amo{bVmMo joÌ (1999-2000) A.Z§. Vnerb joÌ (h o.)

1 Amo{bVmImbrb joÌ A)n¥ð>> mJr` 94782 ~){d{har 168426

2 Amo{bVmImbrb {Zìdi joÌ (1) A+~ 263208

3 Amo{bVmImbrb ñWyb joÌ 313199 4 EHy$U bmJdS>rImbrb ñWyb joÌ 1145682 5 Amo{bVmImbrb ñWyb joÌmMr bmJdS>rImbrb joÌmer Q> o$dmar 27.34%

g§X © : H¥$fr Am`wŠVmb` nwUo. ({Oëhm gm_m{OH$ d Am{W©H$ g_mbmoMZ, nwUo {Oëhm 2005-06) 4.2.11 {nHo$

nwUo {OëømÀ`m npíM_ gr_mdVu ^mJmV npíM_ KmQ> qH$dm gømÐr nd©V CÎma-X{jU {XeoV ngabobm Agë`m_wio Ë`mMm n[aUm_ _w»`V: àmH¥${VH$ aMZm d hdm_mZmda hmoVmo. `m VmbwŠ`m§À`m npíM_ ^mJmVrb hdm_mZ H$moH$UmgmaIo Amho. Ë`m_wio VoWo ^mV, ZmMUr, gmJ, nmdQ>m d BVa dZ CËnmXZo KoVbr OmVmV.`m ^mJm_Üò {OëømVrb H$mhr Am{Xdmgr O_mVr amhVmV. `mCbQ> nwa§Xa, hdobr, {eéa, ~mam_Vr, B§Xmnya, Xm¢S> `m nyd}H$S>rb VmbwŠ`m§_Üò VwbZm H$aVm hdm_mZ CîU d H$moaS>o Amho. Á`m ^mJmVrb eoVr nmdgmda OmñV Adb§~yZ Amho. VoWo Ádmar, ~mOar, Jhÿ, haâm B. {nHo$ KoVbr OmVmV Va H$mbì`m§Ûmao nmUrnwadR>m Á`m {R>H$mUr hmoVmo Aem ~mam_Vr, hdobr, Xm¢S>, B§Xmnya `m VmbwŠ`m§_Üò ~mJm`Vr {nHo$ KoVbr OmVmV. Ë`m_Ü o D$g, Ðmjo, BVa \$i~mJm, ^mOrnmbm B. Mm g_mdoe hmoVmo. {OëømVrb {d{dY {nHo$ Xe©{dUmam VŠVm 4.13 _Üò Xe©{dbm Amho.

VŠVm 4.13 : nwUo {OëømVrb {Za{Zamù`m {nH$mImbrb joÌ (1999-2000) A.Z §. {nH o$ joÌ (hoŠQ>a) eoH$S>m à_mU

1 V¥UYmÝ o 720141 62.86% 2 H$S>YmÝò 83346 7.27% 3 D$g 60637 5.29% 4 _gmë`mMr {nHo$ 6365 0.56% 5 Am§~m 905 0.08% 6 BVa \$io (Ho$irgh) 11744 1.03% 7 EHy$U ^mOrnmbm 56480 4.93%

8 EHy$U JirVYmÝò ( wB©_yJ, Vri, Zmai, gy ©\w$b, H$aS>B©, _mohar, B.) 77465 6.76% 9 BVa {nHo 128599 11.22% EHy$U 1145682 100.00%

g§X © : H¥$fr Am`wŠVmb`, nwUo

132

VŠVm H«$ 4.13 _Üò nwUo {OëømVrb EHy$U {nH$m§Imbrb joÌmV gdm©V OmñV joÌ V¥UYmÝ`m§Imbr (62.86 Q>ŠHo$) {XgyZ òVo. Xwgam H«$_m§H$ BVa {nH$m§Mm (BVa ImÚ d AImÚ {nHo$) bmJVmo. Ë`mImbrb joÌ 23.00 Q>ŠHo$ {XgyZ òVo. H$S>YmÝ`m§Imbr 6.31 Q>ŠHo$ joÌ {XgyZ òVo.

{OëømV Ádmar ho EH$ _hÎdmMo nrH$ AgyZ EHy$U {nH$m§Imbrb joÌmV gdm©V OmñV joÌ ÁdmarImbrb joÌ AgyZ ho 1999-2000 gmbr EHy$U joÌmÀ`m 34.66 Q>ŠHo $hmoVo. Ë`mImbmoImb ~mOar ho _hÎdmMo nrH$ AgyZ Ë`m Imbrb joÌ EHy$U {nH$mImbrb joÌmÀ`m 14.03 Q>ŠHo$ Amho. `m{edm` ^mV d Jhÿ `m {nH$mImbrb df© 1999-2000 _Üò 5.13 d 6.02 Q>ŠHo$ joÌ hmoVo. EHy$U V¥UYmÝ`mImbr 62.86 Q>ŠHo$ joÌ hmoVo Va H$S>YmÝ`mImbr 7.27 Q>ŠHo$ joÌ hmoVo. OwÞa, Am§~oJmd, IoS>, ^moa, _mdi, _wier d doëho `m VmbwŠ`m§_Üò {OëømVrb ^mVmÀ`m {nH$mImbrb joÌ OmñV Amho. ^mVmÀ`m Am§~o_mohmoa, H$_moX, {Oaogmi B. OmVr à{gÕ AmhoV. ~mam_Vr, Xm¢S> `m ^mJmV H$mngmMo nrH$ CÎm_ òVo. VgoM {eéa d B§Xnya VmbwŠ`mV ÁdmarMo nrH$ CÎm_ òVo. Am§~oJmd, IoS>, ^moa, {eéa, hdobr, Xm¢S> `m ^mJmV wB©_yJmMo nrH$ Mm§Jbo òVo. IoS>, OwÞa, {eéa Am{U Am§~oJmd VmbwŠ`mV ~Q>mQ>çmMo nrH$ Mm§Jbo òVo, Va H$m§ÚmMo nrH$ {eéa, Xm¢S>, hdobr, ~mam_Vr d IoS> `m nmM VmbwŠ`mV Amho. hS>nga-nwUo `m§À`m Amgnmg d IoS> VmbwŠ`mV MmgH$_mZ YaUmÀ`m bm^ joÌmV ^mOrnmbm d H$m§ÚmMo nrH$ _moR>çm à_mUmV KoVbo OmVo. OwÞa_Üò Ho$ir, \w$bo, ~mam_Vr, OwÞa, CairH$m§MZ ho ^mJ Ðmjm§gmR>r Va nwa§Xa, {eéa, hdobr VmbwŠ`mV A§Ora, Ho$ir, S>mqi~ d {gVm\$i `m \$i~mJm§Imbrb joÌ ânya Amho. Va ~mam_Vr nyd© ^mJ, B§Xmnya VmbwŠ`mMm npíM_ ^mJ d hdobrVrb hS>nga, bmoUr H$mi^moa d _m§Oar `m ^mJmV D$gmMo CËnmXZ Mm§Jbo hmoVo. 4.2.12 \$io d ^mOrnmbm

{Oëøm_Üò \$io d ^mOrnmbm `m§À`m joÌmV {Xdg|{Xdg dmT> hmoV AgyZ Xm¢S>, {eéa, B§Xnya d ~mam_Vr `m VmbwŠ`m§V g§Ìr, _mog§~r `mImbr ânya joÌ Amho. OwÞa VmbwŠ`mV Ho$ir, ~mam_Vr, OwÞa, hdobr òWo Ðmjo, nwa§Xa_Üò S>mqi~, A§Ora d {gVm\$im§Mo CËnmXZ KoVbo OmVo. Xm¢S>, ~mam_Vr d {eéa VmbwŠ`m§V H$mJXr qb~mMo joÌ OmñV Amho. Va IoS, hdobr, OwÞa_Üò H$mo~r d dm§Jr `m§Mo ânya CËnmXZ hmoVo Va OwÞa, Am§~oJmd, hdobr VmbwŠ`mV Q>mo_°Q>moMo CËnmXZ OmñV hmoVo. 4.2.13 \$i PmS>m§Imbrb joÌ

nwUo {Oëøm_Yo {Za{Zamù`m ^mJmV doJdoJù`m àH$maMr \$io KoVbr OmVmV. Ë`m_Ü o A§Ora, Ðmjo, S>mqi~, {gVm\$i, noé, qb~y, {MŠHy$$, Am§~m B.Mm g_mdoe hmoVmo. nwUo {OëømVrb VmbwH$mdma {Za{Zamù`m \$iPmS>m§Imbrb bmJdS>rMo joÌ VŠVm 4.13 _Üò XmI{dbo Amho.

133

134

VŠVm 4.14 _Üò nwUo {OëømV EHy$U \$iPmS>§mImbrb joÌ 15,136.58 hoŠQ>a AgyZ gdm©V OmñV joÌ doëho VmbwŠ`mV (18.14 Q>ŠHo$) AgyZ Ë`m ImbmoImb OwÞa VmbwŠ`mV (16.90

Q>ŠHo$) joÌ, _wier VmbwŠ`mV (10.93 Q>ŠHo$), {eéa VmbwŠ`mV (8.14 Q>ŠHo$), nwa§Xa VmbwŠ`mV(7.52 Q>ŠHo$) EdT>o joÌ {XgyZ òVo. OwÞa, {eéa, hdobr d nwa§Xa `m Mma VmbwŠ`mV EHy$U \$iPmS>m§Imbrb bmJdS>rÀ`m 42.37 Q>ŠHo$ joÌ {XgyZ òVo. EHy$U \$iPmS>m§Imbrb bmJdS>rMo joÌ {dMmamV KoVm Ho$ir `m \$iPmS>mImbrb joÌ 6.29 Q>ŠHo$ Agë`mMo {XgyZ òVo. 4.2.14 Ho$ir bmJdS>rImbrb joÌ

nwUo {OëømVrb bmJdS>rImbrb EHy$U joÌmer Ho$ir bmJdS>rImbrb joÌmMo VmbwH$mdma à_mU VŠVm 4.15 _Üò XmI{dbo Amho.

VŠVm 4.15 : nwUo {OëømVrb bmJdS>rImbrb EHy$U joÌmer Ho$ir bmJdS>rImbrb joÌmMo à_mU (2007-08) A. Z§.

VmbwH$m bmJdS>rImbrb EHy$U

joÌ (hoŠQ>a_Üò) Ho$ir bmJdS>rImbrb EHy$U joÌ (hoŠQ>a_Üò)

bmJdS>rImbrb joÌmer Ho$ir bmJdS>rImbrb joÌmMo à_mU

1 OwÞa 117983 (10.30)

895 (41.18)

0.75

2 Am§~oJmd 68191 (5.95)

40 (1.84)

0.05

3 {eê$a 121939 (10.64)

198 (9.11)

0.16

4 IoS> 112623 (9.83)

50 (2.30)

0.04

5 _mdi 60712 (5.30)

-- --

6 _wier 17979 (1.57)

10 (0.46)

0.05

7 hdobr 108834 (9.50)

245 (11.27)

0.22

8 nwUo eha 644 (0.06)

-- --

9 Xm¢S> 11596 (10.35)

190 (8.74)

0.16

10 nwa§Xa 84087 (7.34)

-- --

11 doëho 23153 (2.02)

-- --

12 ^moa 47000 (4.10)

-- --

13 ~mam_Vr 149061 (13.01)

115 (5.29)

0.07

14 B§Xmnya 114880 (10.03)

430 (19.78)

0.37

EHy$U 1145682 (100.00)

2173 (100.00)

0.19

(H§$gmVrb AmH$S>o EHy$U g§»òer eoH$S>m à_mU Xe©{dVmV) g§X © : {Oëhm A{YjH$, H¥$fr A{YH$mar H$m`m©b`, nwUo d {Oëhm gm_m{OH$ d Am{W©H$ g_mbmoMZ nwUo {Oëhm (2007-08)

135

VŠVm 4.15 _Üò nwUo {OëømVrb EHy$U bmJdS>rImbrb joÌ 11,45,682 hoŠQ>a Amho. EHy$U bmJdS>rImbrb joÌmV gdm©{YH$ joÌ ~mam_Vr VmbwŠ`mV (13.01Q>ŠHo$) AgyZ Ë`mImbmoImb H«$_m§H$ {eéa (10.64 Q>ŠHo$), Xm¢S> (10.35 Q>ŠHo$), OwÞa (10.30 Q>ŠHo$), IoS> (9.83 Q>ŠHo$) `m VmbwŠ`m§Mm bmJVmo. gdm©V H$_r joÌ nwUo ehamV (0.06 Q>ŠHo$) {XgyZ òVo.

nwUo {OëømV Ho$ir bmJdS>rImbrb EHy$U joÌ 2173 hoŠQ>a AgyZ gdm©{YH$ joÌ OwÞa VmbwŠ`mV (41.18 Q>ŠHo$) AgyZ Ë`m ImbmoImb B§Xmnya (19.78 Q>ŠHo$), hdobr (11.27 Q>ŠHo$), {eéa (9.11 Q>ŠHo$) `m VmbwŠ`m§Mm H«$_ bmJVmo. Va nwUo eha, nwa§Xa, _mdi, doëho `m VmbwŠ`mV Ho$ir bmJdS>rImbrb joÌ A{O~mV {XgyZ òV Zmhr. nwUo {OëømV gdm©{YH$ joÌ OwÞa Ë`mImbmoImb B§Xmnya, hdobr, {eéa d Xm¢S> VmbwŠ`mV Ho$ir bmJdS>rMo joÌ AgyZ {OëømVrb EHy$U Ho$ir bmJdS>rÀ`m joÌmÀ`m 95.29 Q>ŠHo$ joÌ `m ghm VmbwŠ`mVM {XgyZ òVo. Va IoS>, ^moa, Am§~oJmd, _wier VmbwŠ`mV Ho$ir bmJdS>rMo à_mU Iyn H$_r Agë`mMo {XgyZ òVo.

4.2.15 Ho$ir bmJdS>rgmR>r AZwXmZ _hmamï>mV \$i~mJ bmJdS>rg ânya dmd Amho ho bjmV KoD$Z d eoVH$è`m§Mr Am{W©H$

àJVr d O_rZrMm {dH$mg H$aÊ`mÀ`m hoVyZo H|$Ð gaH$maZo amï>r` \$bmoËnmXZ A[^`mZ H$m`©H«$_ XoenmVirda gwê$ Ho$bobm AgyZ `m H$m`©H«$_m§VJ©V Ho$ir bmJdS> H$aUoH$m_r gaH$maH$Sy>Z Ho$ir CËnmXH$ eoVH$è`m§Zm hoŠQ>ar énò 15000 EdT>o AZwXmZ {Xbo OmVo. Ë`mV àW_ dfm©gmR>r énò 7500 d {ÛVr` dfm©H$arVm énò 7500 {Xbo OmVmV. ho AZwXmZ àm_w»`mZo Ho$ir ~mJ {dH${gV H$aUoH$m_r {Xbo OmVo. `m AZwXmZmMm \$m`Xm nwUo {OëømVrb Ho$ir CËnmXH$ eoVH$è`m§Zr KoVë`mMo {XgyZ òVo. A) Ho$ir bmJdS>rgmR>r {dÎmnwadR>m

Ho$ir bmJdS> H$aUo åhUOo _moR>çm H$ï>mMo d ^m§S>dbr IMm©Mo H$m_ AgVo. Ho$ir bmJdS> hr emómoº$ nÕVrZo Ho$br OmVo. `m bmJdS>rgmR>r hdo VodT>o ^m§S>db doioda CnbãY Pmbo Zmhr Va CËnmXZmda A{Zï> n[aUm_ hmoVmo. Ho$irMr ~mJ C^r H$aÊ`mgmR>r IynM ^m§S>db bmJVo. bhmZ eoVH$è`m§Odi EdT>o ^m§S>db CnbãY ZgVo. Aem doir ~±H$m§{edm` n`m© ZgVmo. Ho$ir CËnmXH$ eoVH$ar ^m§S>dbr IMm©gmR>r H$O© KoD$Z Ho$ir ~mJ C^maV Agob Va Vmo n§Yam _{hÝ`mV H$O©_wº$ hmoD$ZnwÝhm ImoS>dm KoD$Z ânya CËnÞ {_idy eH$Vmo. åhUyZ bhmZ eoVH$argwÕm AmVm Ho$ir ~mJoH$S>o diy bmJbm Amho. na§Vw Ho$irH$S>o WmoS>oOar Xwb©j Pmbo Va gd© ^m§S>db d n[al_ dm`m OmVmV. ~) Zm~mS>©Zo Ho$ir ~mJogmR>r _§Oya Ho$bobo H$O©

Ho$ir bmJdS> H$aÊ`mgmR>r _moR>çm à_mUmda ^m§S>dbr IM© H$amdm bmJVmo. Ë`m IMm©Mr nyV©Vm H$aÊ`mgmR>r Zm~mS>©Zo Am°JñQ> 1994 _Üò `moOZm V`ma Ho$br. `m `moOZoZwgma H$oir

136

bmJdS>rgmR>r AmOhr H$O© XoÊ`mMr VaVyX Agë`mMo {XgyZ òVo. H$O© VŠVm 4.16 _ÜòXmI{dbo Amho.

VŠVm 4.16 : à{VhoŠQ>ar Ho$ir bmJdS>rÀ`m IMm©gmR>r Zm~mS>©Zo _§Oya Ho$bobo H$O© ({Q>í`y H$ëMa amonm§gmR>r 2011-12)

A. Z §.

IMm©À`m ~m~r n{hbo df©

(énò) gwê$ Xwgao df©

(énò) ImoS>dm EHy$U IM©

(énò) 1 nyd©_emJV 3000 -- 3000 2 IÈ>o ImoXUo d bmJdS> H$aUo 2000 -- 2000 3 Ho$irMr amono 42000 -- 42000 4 g|{X« d amgm`{ZH$ IVo 40000 46000 86000

5 ObqgMZ 3000 3500 6500 6 Am§Va_emJV 5000 7000 12000 7 {nH$ g§ajU 2000 3000 5000 8 Ho$ir H$mT>Ur(n°qH$J d BVa) 15500 15500 31000 EHy$U 112500 75000 187500

g§X © : A{YjH$, \$bmoËnmXZ A{YH$mar, npíM_ _hmamï>, {d^mJ nwUo (Zm~mS>©Mo Ho$ir bmJdS> H$O© `moOZm n[anÌH$mVrb _m{hVr)

VŠVm 4.16 _Üò Ho$ir bmJdS>rgmR>r A{bH$S>À`m H$mimV Zm~mS>©Zo à{VhoŠQ>ar énò187500 H$Om©g _§Owar {Xbr Amho. n{hë`m dfu énò 112500 Va Xwgè`m dfu énò 75000 `mà_mUo XmoZ dfm©V H$Om©Mr {d^mJUr Ho$bobr {XgyZ òVo. EHy$U H$O© _§Owarn¡H$s n{hë`m dfm©V Ho$ir bmJdS>rH$arVm nyd©_emJV H$aUoH$m_r énò 3000, IÈ>o ImoXUo d bmJdS> H$aUo énò 2000, Ho$irMr CVrg§d{Y©V amono {dH$V KoUoH$m_r énò 42000, g|{Ð` d amgm`{ZH$ IVo énò 40000, ObqgMZ énò 3000, Ho$irÀ`m Am§Va_emJVrH$arVm én o 5000, Ho$ir {nH$ g§ajUmH$arVm énò 2000, Ho$ir H$mT>Ur, n°qH$J d BVa {H$aH$moi IMm©H$arVm énò 15500 `mà_mUo EHy$U énò 112500 EdT>o H$O© n{hë`m dfm©H$arVm _§Owa Ho$bo OmVo. ho H$O© n§Yam _{hÝ`mV eoVH$è`m§Zr \o$S>Uo Amdí`H$ Amho. EH$ bmI ê$n`mn`ªV gÜ`mÀ`m Zm~mS>©À`m VaVwXrZwgma 0.00 Q>ŠHo$ ì`mOXa AmH$mabm OmVmo d EH$ bmImnwT>rb aH$_oda 1 Q>ŠHo$ ì`mO AmH$mabo OmVo. Ho$ir CËnmXH$ eoVH$è`mZo KoVbobo H$O© n§Yam _{hÝ`mÀ`m AmV naV Ho$bo Va Ë`mbm bJoMM Xwgè`m {nH$mgmR>r (ImoS>dm) ~±Ho$H$Sy>Z énò 75000 EdT>o H$O© {_iy eH$Vo. `m H$Om©Mm {d{Z`moJ {deofV: Xwgè`m dfm©H$arVm Ho$irgmR>r g|{Ð` d amgm`{ZH$ IVo `mH$arVm énò 46000, ObqgMZ énò 3500, Am§Va_emJV énò 7000, nrH$g§ajU énò 3000 d Ho$ir H$mT>Ur, n°H$sJ d BVa {H$aH$moi IMm©gmR>r énò 15500 `mà_mUo EHy$U énò 75000 EdT>o H$O© _§Oya Ho$bo OmVo. ho H$O© eoVH$è`m§Zr n§Yam _{hÝ`mÀ`m AmV ~±Ho$bm naV Ho$bo Va H$moUË`mhr

137

àH$maMm ì`mOXa AmH$mabm OmV Zmhr. Aem àH$maMr VaVwX Zm~mS>©H$Sy>Z A{bH$S>o XmoZ dfm©nmgyZ H$aÊ`mV Ambr Amho.

VŠVm 4.17 : à{VhoŠQ>ar Ho$ir bmJdS>rÀ`m IMm©gmR>r Zm~mS>©Zo _§Oya Ho$bobo H$O© (Ho$irÀ`m H§$X bmJdS>rgmR>r 2011-12)

A. Z§.

IMm©À`m ~m~r n{hbo df©

(énò) gwê$ Xwgao df©

(énò) ImoS>dm EHy$U IM©

(énò) 1 nyd©_emJV 3000 -- 3000 2 IÈ>o ImoXUo d bmJdS> H$aUo 2000 -- 2000 3 Ho$irMo H§$X 8000 -- 8000 4 g|{X« d amgm`{ZH$ IVo 40000 35500 75500 5 ObqgMZ 3000 3500 6500 6 Am§Va_emJV 5000 6000 11000 7 {nH$ g§ajU 2000 2000 4000 8 Ho$ir H$mT>Ur(n°qH$J d BVa) 12000 12000 24000 EHy$U 75000 59000 134000

g§X © : A{YjH$, \$bmoËnmXZ A{YH$mar, npíM_ _hmamï>, {d^mJ nwUo (Zm~mS>©Mo Ho$ir bmJdS> H$O© `moOZm n[anÌH$mVrb _m{hVr)

VŠVm 4.17 _Ü o {Xë`mà_mUo {~Ja CVrg§d{Y©V Ho$irÀ`m H§$X bmJdS>rgmR>r Zm~mS>©H$Sy>Z IMm©Mr VaVwX åhUyZ H$O© _§Oya Ho$bo OmVo. ho H$O© hoŠQ>ar énò 75000 n{hë`m dfm©gmR>r {Xbo OmVo. Va Xwgè`m dfm©gmR>r énò 59000 EdT>o {Xbo OmVo. {deofV: Ho$irÀ`m H§$X bmJdS>rgmR>r ho H$O© _§Oya H$aVmZm Zm~mS>©H$Sy>Z nyd©_emJVrgmR>r énò 3000, IÈ>o ImoXUo d bmJdS> H$aUo énò 2000, Ho$irMr amono (H§$X) {dH$V KoÊ`mgmR>r én o 8000, go§{X« d amgm`{ZH$ IVm§gmR>r énò 40000, ObqgMZ énò 3000, Am§Va_emJV énò 5000, {nH$g§ajU énò 2000, Ho$ir H$mT>Ur, n°qH$J d BVa IMm©gmR>r énò 12000 `mà_mUo EHy$U énò 75000 EdT>o hoŠQ>ar H$O© XoÊ`mMr VaVyX Agë`mMo {XgyZ òVo. `m_Üò eoVH$è`m§Zr ImoS>dm {nH$ KoVbo Agob Va Xwgè`m dfm©gmR>r énò 59000 H$O© åhUyZ _§Oya Ho$bo OmVo. `m_Üò g|{Ð` d amgm`{ZH$ IVo énò 35500,

ObqgMZ énò 3500, Am§Va_emJV énò 6000, nrH$g§ajU énò 2000, Ho$ir H$mT>Ur, n°H$sJ d BVa IMm©gmR>r énò 12000 `mà_mUo EHy$U énò 59000 EdT>o H$O© Xwgè`m dfm©gmR>r XoÊ`mMr VaVyX Amho. Ho$ir CËnmXH$ eoVH$è`mZo ho H$O© Oa n§Yam _{hÝ`mÀ`m AmV ~±Ho$bm naV Ho$bo Va `m H$Om©da H$moUË`mhr àH$maMo ì`mO AmH$mabo OmV Zmhr.

138

4.2.16 nwUo {OëømVrb Ho$irMo {dnUZ A) H¥$fr CËnÞ ~mOma g{_Vr, nwUo

nwUo {Oëøm_Üò H¥$fr CËnÞ ~mOma g{_Vr, nwUo _m\©$V Ho$irMr IaoXr-{dH«$s hmoVo. ~mOma g{_VoMo Zmd d nÎmm H¥$fr CËnÞ ~mOma g{_Vr nwUo, lr N>ÌnVr {edmOr _mH}$Q> `mS>©, JwbQ>oH$S>r, nwUo 37 Agm Amho. {X ~m°å~o A°J«rH$ëMag© àmoS>çyg _mH}$Q> A°ŠQ> gZ 1939 À`m H$m`X²> mÝdò H¥$fr CËnÞ ~mOma g{_Vr nwUo `m ZmdmZo {X.1 _o 1957 amoOr ñWmnZ hmoD$Z àË`j H$m_H$mOmg 9 E{àb 1959 amoOr àma§ Pmbm. ~mOma g{_VrMo H$m_H$mO _hmamï> H¥$fr CËnÞ IaoXr-{dH«$s({Z`_Z) A{Y{Z`_-1963 d H¥$fr CËnÞ IaoXr-{dH«$s({Z`_Z) {Z`_-1967 Zwgma MmbVo. nwUo H¥$fr CËnÞ ~mOma g{_VrMm _w»` ~mOma, JwbQ>oH$S>r, _mH}$Q> `mS>©, nwUo 37 òWo AgyZ hS>nga, qnnar-qMMdS>, IS>H$s, CÎm_ZJa, _§JidmanoR>, H$S>~m ~mOma Ago Xwæ`_ ~mOma AmhoV. gd© ~mOmam§_Üò gd© àH$maMm ^mOrnmbm, Jwi, ^wgma, AÞYmÝ`, gd© \$ioo, H$m§Xo-~Q>mQ>o, \w$bo, nmZo `m eoV_mbmÀ`m IaoXr-{dH«$sMo ì`dhma X¡Z§{XZ _moR>çm ñdénmÀ`m hmoVmV. _w»` ~mOmam_Üò {d{dY OZmdam§Mr IaoXr-{dH«$sMo ì`dhmahr hmoVmV. ho gd© ì`dhma CKS> {bbmd nÕVrZo IaoXrXma d {dH«o$Vm `m§À`m g§_VrZo Xbmbm§_m\©$V (H${_eZ EO§Q>) hmoVmV. {Z`_mZwgma AmH$maÊ`mV òUmao AmH$ma dOm H$éZ eoVH$è`m§Zm _mbmMr a¸$_ {Xbr OmVo. `m ~mOmamV Ho$irÀ`m IaoXr-{dH«$sMo ì`dhmahr _moR>çm à_mUmV hmoVmV.

H¥$fr CËnÞ ~mOma g{_Vr, nwUo _m\©$V 2003-04 Vo 2008-09 `m H$mbmdYrV Ho$ir CËnmXZmMr Pmbobr AmdH$/{dH«$s d CbmT>mb VgoM _mJrb d Mmby dfm©Vrb ~mOma^md _m{hVr hr VŠVm 4.18 _Üò XI{dbr Amho.

VŠVm 4.18 _Ü o H¥$fr CËnÞ ~mOma g{_Vr, nwUo `m§À`m _m\©$V Ho$ir CËnmXZ {dH«$s Vn{eb {Xbobm AgyZ 2003-04 Vo 2008-09 `m H$mbmdYrV Ho$ir AmdH$ dmT>V Joë`mMo bjmV òVo. na§Vw gamgar ~mOma ^mdmV \$maer dmT> {XgyZ òV Zmhr. gZ 2003-04 Vo 2008-09 `m H$mbmdYrV ^md gamgar à{V pŠd§Q>b {dH«$sZwgma AZwH«$_o 410, 475, 570, 600, 685, 750

`mà_mUo hmoVo. gamgar gdm©V OmñV énò 750 ^md à{V pŠd§Q>bbm 2008-09 _Üò {_imbm Va, pŠd§Q>b_mJo gdm©V H$_r ^md gamgar énò 2003-04 _Üò 410 {_imbobm {XgVmo. Ho$irbm Ho$irÀ`m àVrZwgma d JwUdÎmoZwgma ^md {_iVmo. ho `m VŠË`mdê$Z {XgyZ òVo.

139

VŠV$m 4.18 : H¥$fr CËnÞ ~mOma g{_Vr, nwUo. H o$ir CËnmXZ AmdH$/{dH«$s d _mJrb d Mmby dfm©Vrb ~mOma^md AmS>dm Vº$m

140

(~) H¥$fr CËnÞ ~mOma g{_Vr, nwUo {Z`_mZwgma ~mOma AmH$ma / àH$ma nwUo H¥$fr CËnÞ ~mOma g{_VrÀ`m {Z`_mZwgma Ho$irÀ`m ~m~VrV) ~mOma AmH$ma/ àH$ma

Xe©{dUmam VŠVm 4.19 _Ü o Xe©{dbm Amho.

VŠVm 4.19 : nwUo H¥$fr CËnÞ ~mOma g{_VrÀ`m {Z`_mZwgma ~mOma AmH$ma /àH$ma A.Z§. ~mOma AmH$ma/àH$ma n[a_mU Xa(é.) dgwbr H$moUmH$Sy>Z

1 ~mOma \$s 100 é. À`m IaoXr qH$_Vrda

1.00 IaoXrXma

2 XoIaoI \$s 100 é. À`m IaoXr qH$_Vrda

1.00 IaoXrXma

3 H${_eZ(AmS>V) 100 é. À`m _mb {dH«$sÀ`m qH$_Vrda

8.00 _mbYZr (eoVH$ar)

4 h_mbr 100 à{V 100 {H$bmon`ªV

1.00 _mbYZr

g§X © : ~mOma AmH$ma nwpñVH$m, nwUo H¥$fr CËnÞ ~mOma g{_Vr, _mH}$Q>`mS>©, JwbQ>oH$S>r, nwUo. VŠVm 4.19 _Üò 100 énò IaoXr qH$_Vrda IaoXrXmamH$Sy>Z(ì`mnmè`mH$Sy>Z) AmS>VXma d

Ë`m§À`mH$Sy>Z ~mOma g{_Vr ~mOma \$s d XoIaoI \$s åhUyZ EHy$U énò 2.00 dgyb H$aVo. _mbYmÝ`mH$Sy>Z ({dH«o$Vm) énò 100 _mb{dH«$sÀ`m {H$_Vrda énò 8.00 EdT>o H${_eZ dgyb Ho$bo OmVo. \$im§À`m à{V 100 {H$bmon`ªV énò 1.00 h_mbr Ho$irÀ`m ~m~VrV dgyb {dH«o$Ë`mH$Sy>Z dgyb Ho$br OmVo. `mMmM AW© IaoXrXmamnojm {dH«o$Ë`mMm IM© A{YH$ hmoVmo. Oar _mbmMr qH$_V `mo½` {_imbr Zmhr Var {dH«o$Ë`mbm `m IMm©Mm ^wXªS> gmogmdm bmJVmo. åhUOoM {dH«o$Ë`mbm `m ~mOmag{_VrV _mb {dH$ë`mg 8 Q>ŠHo$nojm A{YH$ IM© hmoVmo Ago {XgyZ òVo. 4.3 Aä`mgmgmR>r {ZdS>boë`m VmbwŠ`m§Mm Aä`mg

_hmamï>mVrb Ho$ir d {dnUZ IMm©Mm Aä`mg H$aVmZm `m Aä`mg H$aVmZm `m Aä`mgmgmR>r {ZdS>boë`m VmbwŠ`m§Mm, (ñWmZmMr) ~mOmanoR>oMm Am{U {ZdS>boë`m eoVH$è`m§Mm Aä`mg H$aUo H«$_àmá R>aVo. 4.3.1 gd©gmYmaU _m{hVr

`m àH$aUmV Aä`mgmgmR>r {ZdS>boë`m ñWmZmMr (Aä`mg joÌ), ~mOma noR>oMr Am{U (Z_wZm)À`m _m{hVrMr nmíd© y_r {Xbobr Amho. Ë`m_Üò `m ñWmZmMr ^m¡Jmo{bH$ qH$dm ^m¡{VH$ d¡{eîQ> o O{_ZrMm dmna, {OëømVrb Am{U VmbwŠ`mVrb {nH$ nÕVr, {ZdS>boë`m eoVH$è`m§Mr H¥$fr{df`H$ nmíd© y_r, Ë`mM~amo~a Aä`mgmgmR>r {ZdS>>boë`m ~mOmanoR>m§Mr d¡{eîQ>ço B. g§~§YrMr _m{hVr XoÊ`mMo R>a{dbo Amho. hr _m{hVr gXa Aä`mgmVyZ {ZKUmam {ZîH$f© A{YH$ Mm§Jë`m àH$mao g_OÊ`mg Cn`wº$ R>aob Aer Anojm Amho.

141

4.3.2 VmbwŠ`m§Mr nmíd© y_r VmbwŠ`m§Mr nmíd© y_r g_OmdyZ KoÊ`mgmR>r {ZdS>boë`m VmbŠ §mMo ñWmZ, ^m¡Jmo{bH$

joÌ\$i, bmoH$g§»`m, O_rZ, hdm_mZ, {nHo$ B. Mr _m{hVr KoUo H«$_àmá R>aVo. gXa Aä`mgmgmR>r nwUo {OëømVrb B§Xmnya, hdobr, OwÞa, ~mam_Vr, {eê$a Am{U Xm¢S> Aem ghm VmbwŠ`m§Mr {ZdS> Ho$bobr Amho.

ZH$mem 4.10 : nwUo {OëømVrb {ZdS>boë`m VmbwŠ`m§Mo ñWmZ Xe©{dUmam ZH$mem

4.3.3 ñWmZ

nwUo {OëømVrb OwÞa, hdobr, B§Xmnya, Xm¢S>, ~mam_Vr d {eê$a> Aem ghm VmbwŠ`m§_Üò nwUo {OëømVrb EHy$U Ho$ir bmJdS>rImbrb joÌmn¡H$s gZ 2005-06 _Üò OdiOdi 95 Q>ŠHo$ joÌ hmoVo. `m VmbwŠ`m§n¡H$s OwÞa VmbwH$m hm nwÊ`mÀ`m CÎma npíM_ {Xeobm òVmo. Va B§Xmnya hm VmbwH$m nwÊ`mnmgyZ nyd© {Xeobm òVmo. Va hdobr hm nwÊ`mOdiM, Xm¢S> hm nyd© X{jU {Xeobm Va ~mam_Vr hm nyd}H$S>o, {eê$a CÎma nyd© {Xeobm òVmo. gXa Aä`mgmgmR>r {ZdS>boë`m VmbwŠ`m§Mo ñWmZ ZH$mem 4.11 dê$Z bjmV òB©b. darb AmH¥$Vr_Üò {ZdS>boë`m VmbwŠ`m§Mo ñWmZ, Ë`m§À`m Mmohmo~mOybm Agboë`m VmbwHo$ Xe©{dbo AmhoV.

142

4.3.4 O_rZ d hdm_mZ OwÞa, B§Xmnya, hdobr, {eê$a, Xm¢S> d ~mam_Vr `m ghmhr VmbwŠ`mVrb O_rZ hr

gd©gmYmaU H$mir H$gXma d nmÊ`mMm {ZMam hmoUmar Amho. `m ghmhr VmbwŠ`mV hdm_mZ CîU d X_Q> ñdénmMo AgyZ Ho$ir bmJdS>rgmR>r AZwHy$b Ago Amho. CÝhmù`mVrb Vmn_mZ gmYmaUV: 320C Vo 400C n ªV AgVo. Va {hdmù`mVrb Vmn_mZ {H$_mZ 60C n ªV AgVo. `m Mma VmbwŠ`m§n¡H$s OwÞa_Üò 762.1 {__r, {eéa_Üò 507.5 {__r, hdobrV 673.7 {__r Va B§Xmnya_Üò 460.5 {__r, ~mam_Vr 490.10 d Xm¢S> 510 {__r nmdgmMr Zm|X 2007 _Üò Pmë`mMo {XgVo. `mMm AW© `m Mma hr VmbwŠ`mV gamgar 500 Vo 650 {__r. nmD$g nS>Vmo. {eéa, B§Xmnya, Xm¢S> d ~mam_VrÀ`m nyd}H$S>rb ^mJmV nmdgmMo à_mU H$_r AmT>iVo. na§Vw EHy$U \$i~mJ bmJdS>rg AZwHy$b Ago hdm_mZ `m ghmhr VmbwŠ`mV Agë`mMo AmT>iVo. 4.3.5 joÌ\$i d bmoH$g§»`m

nwUo {OëømMo EHy$U ^m¡Jmo{bH$ joÌ\$i 15,642 Mm¡.{H$_r. EdT>o AgyZ Ë`m_Üò 1,866

Jmdo; 1,401 J«m_n§Mm`Vr; 11 ZJan[afXm; 3 H$Q>H$_§S>i; 14 ãb°mH$; 13 n§Mm`V g{_Ë`m Am{U 2 _hmZJa nm{bH$m§Mm g_mdoe hmoVmo. nwUo {OëømVrb bmJdS>rImbrb EHy$U joÌ ho 11,45,682

hoŠQ>a Amho. {OëømMr bmoH$g§»`m 2001À`m OZJUZoZwgma 72,32,555 EdT>r AgyZ `m bmoH$g§»òn¡H$s 34,63,427 EdT>çm {ó`m (47.89 Q>ŠHo$), Va 37,69,128 nwéf (52.11Q>ŠHo$) AmhoV. bmoH$g§»òMr KZVm 462 EdT>r Amho. A) bmJdS>rImbrb joÌ

{ZdS>boë`m ghm VmbwŠ`mVrb EHy$U ^m¡Jmo{bH$ joÌ 841843 hoŠQ>a AgyZ bmJdS>rImbrb joÌ 697720 hoŠQ>a EdT>o Amho. ho EHy$U ^m¡Jmo{bH$ joÌmÀ`m 82.8 Q>ŠHo$ EdT>o Amho. {ZdS>boë`m ghmhr VmbwŠ`m§Mo ^m¡Jmo{bH$ joÌ bmJdS>rImbrb joÌ d EHy$U Amo{bVmImbrb joÌ d g_m{dï> Jmdm§Mr g§»`m Imbrb VŠVm H«$. 4.19 _Üò Xe©{dbr Amho.

VŠVm 4.21 _Ü o {ZdS>boë`m ghm VmbwŠ`mVrb EHy$U ^m¡Jmo{bH$ joÌmer bmJdS>rImbrb EHy$U joÌmMo à_mU gdm©V OmñV OwÞa VmbwŠ`mV 85.22 Q>ŠHo$ AgyZ Ë`m ImbmoImb B§Xmnya 84.87

Q>ŠHo$, ~mam_Vr 84.75 Q>ŠHo$, Xm¢S> 83.09 Q> o$, hdobr 81.46 Q> o$, {eê$a 78.30 Q>ŠHo$ Agm H«$_ {XgyZ òVmo. gdm©V OmñV EHy$U joÌmer bmJdS>rImbr Agboë`m joÌmMo à_mU OwÞa VmbwŠ`mV Va, gdm©V H$_r à_mU {eê$a VmbwŠ`mV Amho. ~) ~mJm`Vr eoVr

`m ghm VmbwŠ`mV EHy$U ~mJm`Vr joÌ 160620 hoŠQ>a AgyZ Ë`mn¡H$s OwÞa 37,137, B§Xmnya 25666, hdobr 20996, {eéa 29251, ~mam_Vr, 25470, Xm¢S> 22000 hoŠQ>a EdT>o Amho. `m ghm VmbwŠ`mVrb EHy$U bmJdS>rImbrb joÌ 697720 hoŠQ>a AgyZ EHy$U bmJdS>rImbrb joÌmer

143

EHy$U ~mJm`Vr joÌmMo à_mU 23.02 Q>ŠHo$$ AgyZ `m ghm VmbwŠ`mVrb àËòH$ VmbwŠ`mMo EHy$U bmJdS>rImbrb joÌmer EHy$U {Zìdi ~mJm`Vr joÌmMo à_mU AZwH«$_o OwÞa 31.48 Q>ŠHo$$, B§Xmnya 2068 Q>ŠHo$$, hdobr 19.29 Q>ŠHo$$, {eê$a 23.99 Q>ŠHo$$, ~mam_Vr 21.74 Q>ŠHo$$, Xm¢S> 20.51 Q>ŠHo$$ {XgyZ òVo. `mMmM AW© gdm©V OmñV EHy$U bmJdS>rImbrb joÌmer EHy$U ~mJ`Vr joÌmMo à_mU OwÞa VmbwŠ`mV {XgyZ òVo. H$) {Zìdi bmJdS>rImbrb d Amo{bVmImbrb joÌ VŠVm 4.20 : {ZdS>boë`m VmbwŠ`mVrb EHy$U ^m¡Jmo{bH$ d bmJdS>rImbrb joÌ (0.00 hoŠQ>a_Üò, 2006-07)

A.Z§.

VmbwH$m ^m¡Jmo{bH$ joÌ\$i

bmJdS>rImbrb EHy$U joÌ

Amo{bVmImbrb joÌ Amo{bVm Imbrb

{Zìdi joÌ

Amo{bVm Imbrb ñWyb joÌ

g_m{dï> Jmdm§Mr g§»`m

n¥ð>^mJr` {d{har

1 OwÞa 138452 117983 (85.22)

16165 20972 37137 (31.48)

44934 (38.09)

183

2 B§Xmnya 146820 124607 (84.87)

4206 21560 25766 (20.68)

30550 (24.51)

143

3 hdobr 133602 108834 (81.46)

4324 16672 20996 (19.29)

22699 (20.86)

108

4 {eê$a 155727 121939 (78.30)

7598 21653 29251 (23.99)

34459 (28.26)

117

5 ~mam_Vr 138207 117132 (84.75)

5150 20320 25470 (21.74)

33410 (27.52)

118

6 Xm¢S> 129035 107225 (83.09)

4570 17430 22000 (20.51)

27660 (25.79)

103

7 {ZdS>bobo EHy$U VmbwHo$

841843 697720 (82.88)

42013 118607 160620 (23.02)

193712 (27.76)

712

8 EHy$U nwUo {Oëhm

1562058 1145682 (73.35)

94782 168426 263208 (22.97)

313199 (27.34)

1866

(H§$gmVrb AmH$S>o EHy$U g§»òer eoH$S>m à_mU Xe©{dVmV) g§X © : {Oëhm gm_m{OH$ d Am{W©H$ g_mbmoMZ, nwUo {Oëhm 2005-06 AW© d gm§p»`H$s g§MmbZmb`, _hmamï> emgZ dm§Ðo(nyd©) _w§~B©-51

`m ghm VmbwŠ`mVrb EHy$U bmJdS>rImbrb joÌmMo EHy$U ^m¡Jmo{bH$ joÌmer Agbobo à_mU 82.88 Q>ŠHo$ EdT>o Amho. Amo{bVmImbrb {Zìdi joÌ 160620 hoŠQ>a AgyZ {OëømV EHy$U bmJdS>rImbrb ñWyb joÌ 313199 hoŠQ>a AgyZ Ë`mn¡H$s {Zìdi Amo{bVmImbrb joÌ 263208 hoŠQ>a Amho. ho Amo{bVmImbrb joÌmMo bmJdS>rImbrb ñWyb joÌmer Agbobo à_mU 22.97 Q>ŠHo$ EdT>o Amho. Va {ZdS>boë`m ghm VmbwŠ`mV EHy$U Amo{bVmImbrb ñWyb joÌ 193712 hoŠQ>a EdT>o Amho. øm ghm VmbwŠ`mVrb EHy$U bmJdSrImbrb ñWyb> joÌ 27.76 Q>ŠHo$ EdT>o Amho. {ZdS>boë`m VmbwŠ`mVrb EHy$U ^m¡Jmo{bH$ joÌ\$i bmJdS>rImbrb EHy$U joÌ d Amo{bVmImbrb (~mJm`Vr) ñWyb joÌ Xe©{dUmam AmboI AmboI 4.5 _Üò Xe©{dbm Amho.

144

AmboI 4.5 : {ZdS>boë`m VmbwŠ`mVrb ^m¡Jmo{bH$ joÌ\$i, bmJdS>r d Amo{bVmImbrb joÌ

bmoH$g§»òÀ`m ~m~VrV nwUo {OëømMm amÁ`mV _w§~B© CnZJa, R>mUo `mZ§VaMm åhUOo {Vgam H«$_m§H$ bmJVmo. 2001 À`m OZJUZoZwgma 72,32,555 EdT>r EHy$U bmoH$g§»`m nwUo {OëømMr hmoVr. Ë`mVrb OwÞa 369806, {eéa 310590, hdobr 1353050, Xm¢S> 341388, ~mam_Vr 372852, B§Xmnya 348413 EdT>r bmoH$g§»`m hmoVr. {OëømMr bmoH$g§»`m VmbwH$mdma, ehar-J«m_rU, ór-nwéf à_mU `m{df`r g{dñVa _m{hVr VŠVm 4.3 d 4.4 _Ü o {Xbobr Amho. 4.3.6 nmUrnwadR>çmMr gmYZo

nwUo {OëømVrb {ZdS>boë`m `m ghm VmbwŠ`mV nmUrnwadR>çmÀ`m gmYZm§_Üò {Xdg|{Xdg dmT> Pmë`mMo {XgyZ òV Amho. ~mJm`Vr joÌmgmR>r dmnamV Agboë`m {d{hatMr g§»`m OwÞa_Üò 16809, {eéa 8636, hdobr 5018, B§Xmnya 5060, ~mam_Vr 5150 d Xm¢S> 4940 EdT>r Amho. EHy$U `m Mma VmbwŠ`mV {_iyZ 45613 {d{har AgyZ Ë`mdarb {S>Pob n§n d {dÚwV n§nmÀ`m gmhmæ`mZo nmUr ~mhoa H$mTy>Z eoVrbm {Xbo OmVo. VgoM `m VmbwŠ`§m_Yrb qnniJmdOmoJm, òSJmd, qS> o, _m{UH$S>moh, dS>O, MmgH$_mZ, dagJmd, nmZeoV, IS>H$dmgbm Aem H$mhr àH$ënm§_YyZ H$mbì`m§Ûmao eoVrbm nmUrnwadR>m hmoVmo. Hy$nZ{bH$m, ~§Ymao, Cngm ObqgMZ, H$mbdo d {d{har§da {_iyZ `m ghm VmbwŠ`mV 1997 _Üò 30317 ({dÚwV n§n) BboŠQ´>rH$ _moQ>mar Va 4228

Vobmda MmbUmao n§n hmoVo. Ë`mV gÜ`m XwßnQ>rhÿZ A{YH$ g§»`m Pmbobr Amho d ~mJm`V joÌhr _moR>çm à_mUmda dmT>bobo Amho.

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

140000

160000

OwÞa B§Xmnya hdobr {eê$a ~mam_Vr Xm¢S>

^m¡Jmo{bH joÌ\$i bmJdS>rImbrbEHy$U joÌ

Amo{bVmImbrb ñWyb joÌ

145

4.3.7 ^y{_ Cn`moOZ AmH¥${V~§Y gZ 2005-06 `m dfm©Vrb nwUo {OëømMr d Aä`mgmgmR>r {ZdS>boë`m OwÞa, hdobr,

{eê$a, B§Xmnya, ~mam_Vr, Xm¢S> VmbwŠ`m§Vrb O{_ZrMm dmna Xe©{dUmam VŠVm 4.21 _Ü o Xe©{dbm Amho. nwUo {OëømMo EHy$U ^m¡Jmo{bH$ joÌ\$i 15,62,058 hoŠQ>a AgyZ Ë`mn¡H$s {ZdS>boë`m VmbwŠ`m§Mo ^m¡Jmo{bH$ joÌ\$i AZwH«$_o OwÞa 138452, {eéa 155727, hdobr 133602, B§Xmnya 146820, ~mam_Vr 138207, Xm¢S> 129035 hoŠQ>a Amho. `m {ZdS>boë`m VmbwŠ`m§À`m EHy$U joÌ\$imMo {OëømÀ`m joÌ\$imer Agbobo à_mU 53.89Q> o$ AgyZ {OëømÀ`m EHy$U O§Jbì`má joÌmn¡H$s 29.18 Q>ŠHo$ `m gd© VmbwŠ`mV Amho. VŠË`m_Üò {ZdS>boë`m VmbwŠ`mVrb O§Jbì`má joÌ, eoVrbm CnbãY Zgbobo joÌ, EHy$U nS>rH$ O_rZ, {Zìdi bmJdS>r Imbrb joÌ, {Oam`V-~mJm`V joÌ {Xbobo AgyZ Ë`m-Ë`m VmbwŠ`mVrb EHy$U ^m¡Jmo{bH$ joÌmer Agbobo à_mU H§$gmV {Xboë`m g§»òZo Xe©{dbobo Amho.

`mdéZ Ago {ZXe©Zmg òVo H$s, nwUo {OëømV EHy$U bmJdS>r bm`H$ joÌ EHy$U ^m¡Jmo{bH$ joÌmÀ`m 73.34 Q>ŠHo$ AgyZ hr bmJdS>rImbrb ñWyb joÌ 78.23 Q>ŠHo$ Amho. {OëømÀ`m ^m¡Jmo{bH$ joÌmÀ`m 62.13 Q>ŠHo$ joÌ {Zìdi bmJdS>rImbr AgyZ Ë`mn¡H$s 20.5

Q>ŠHo$ joÌ ~mJm`V Va 42.8 Q>ŠHo$ {Oam`V Amho. Ë`mn¡H$s {ZdS>boë`m VmbwŠ`m§_Üò {OëømVrb EHy$U Amo{bVmImbrb joÌmn¡H$s 61.85 Q>ŠHo$ joÌ Amho Va {Oam`Vr joÌmn¡H$s 61.27 Q>ŠHo$ joÌ Amho.

146

VŠVm 4.21 n wU o {Oëhm d {ZdS>boë`m VmbwŠ`mVrb O{_ZrMm dmna (0.00 h oŠQ>a_Ü` o, 2005-06) AmS >dm Vº$m

147

4.3.8 {ZdS>boë`m VmbwŠ`mVrb bmJdS>rMr nÕV gZ 2005-06 `m dfm©Vrb nwUo {OëømMr d Aä`mgmgmR>r {ZdS>boë`m VmbwŠ`mVrb

bmJdS>rMr nÕV VŠVm 4.22 _Üò Xe©{dbr Amho. VŠVm 4.22 :n wU o {OëømV {ZdS >boë`m VmbwŠ`mVrb bmJdS>rMr nÕV (2005-06)

A. Z §. {nHo$ nwUo {Oëhm

{ZdS>boë`m {nH$mImbrb joÌ (hoŠQ>a) OwÞa {eê$a hdobr Xm ¢S > ~mam_Vr B§Xmnya

1 EHy$U V¥UYmÝò 720141 (62.86)

67154 (56.92)

82675 (67.80)

52766 (48.48)

50230 (49.04)

54530 (42.64)

56410 (41.42)

A)Vm§Xyi 58800 (5.13)

5737 (4.86)

54 (0.04)

3424 (3.15)

40 (0.04)

10 (0.007)

12 (0.008)

~) Jhÿ 69030 (6.03)

6704 (5.68)

8736 (7.16)

3302 (3.03)

4540 (4.44)

5023 (3.93)

51520 (37.83)

H$) Ádmar 397181 (34.67)

30579 (25.92)

30222 (24.78)

32948 (30.27)

32540 (31.77)

36471 (28.52)

38210 (28.06)

S>) ~mOar 160780 (14.03)

20767 (17.60)

40744 (33.41)

11724 (10.77)

16230 (15.84)

19560 (15.29)

22430 (16.47)

B) BVa V¥UYmÝò 34350 (3.00)

3367 (2.85)

2919 (2.39)

1368 (1.26)

1430 (1.40)

2060 (1.61)

2540 (1.86)

2 EHy$U H$S>YmÝò 83346 (7.27)

9297 (7.88)

12384 (10.16)

4039 (3.71)

11320 (1105)

12420 (9.71)

13510 (9.92)

3 EHy$U AÞYmÝò 803487 (70.13)

76451 (64.80)

95059 (77.96)

56805 (52.19)

70340 (68.68)

75530 (59.06)

80210 (58.90)

4 D$g 60637 (5.29)

9846 (8.35)

6246 (5.12)

7327 (6.73)

8750 (8.54)

10210 (7.98)

11510 (8.45)

5 {_aMr d BVa _gmë`mMo nXmW©

6365 (0.56)

1495 (1.27)

764 (0.63)

540 (0.50)

410 (0.40)

560 (0.43)

640 (0.47)

6 \$io d ^mOrnmbm 69129 (6.03)

14403 (12.21)

6980 (5.72)

8153 (7.49)

3240 (3.16)

4950 (3.87)

6739 (4.95)

7 H$mnyg, A§~mS>r, VmJ d BVa V§Vy {nHo$

546 (0.05)

10 (0.01)

9 (0.01)

20 (0.02)

10 (0.009)

07 (0.005)

12 (0.008)

8 EHy$U JirV YmÝò 77465 (6.76)

8743 (7.41)

5883 (4.82)

6202 (5.70)

6470 (6.32)

7850 (6.14)

8630 (6.34)

9 Am¡fYo, _mXH$ nXmW©, Mmam d BVa AImÚ {nHo $

128053 (11.18)

7035 (5.96)

6998 (5.74)

29787 (27.37)

6940 (6.77)

7280 (5.69)

7590 (5.57)

10 EHy$U ImÚ {nHo$ (3+4+5+6)

939618 (82.01)

102195 (86.62)

109049 (89.43)

72825 (66.91)

82740 (80.78)

91250 (71.35)

99099 (72.78)

11 EHy$U AImÚ {nHo$ (7+8+9)

206064 (17.99)

15788 (13.38)

12890 (10.57)

36009 (33.09)

13420 (13.10)

15137 (11.84)

16232 (11.92)

12 bmJdS>rImbrb EHy$U joÌ 1145682 (100.00)

11798 (100.00)

121939 (100.00)

108834 (100.00)

102421 (10.00)

127882 (100.00)

136167 (100.00)

(H§$gmVrb AmH$S>o EHy$U g§»òer eoH$S>m à_mU Xe©{dVmV.) g§X^© : {Oëhm gm_m{OH$ d Am{W©H$ g_mbmoMZ, nwUo {Oëhm, 2005-06, AW© gm§p»`H$s g§MmbZmb`, _hmamï> emgZ, dm§Ðo (nyd©) _w§~B©-51.

VŠVm 4.22 _Üò {OëømV EHy$U bmJdS>rImbrb joÌmn¡H$s EHy$U V¥UYmÝò 82.86 Q>ŠHo$ joÌ, EHy$U H$S>YmÝ`mImbrb joÌ 7.27 Q>ŠHo$ {_iyZ EHy$U AÞYmÝò 70.13 Q>ŠHo$ joÌmda KoVbo

148

Amho. EHy$U ImÚ {nH$mImbrb {nHo$ 82.01 Q>ŠHo$ d EHy$U AImÚ {nHo$ 17.99 Q>ŠHo$ joÌmda hmoVo.

{ZdS>boë`m VmbwŠ`m§_Üò EHy$U bmJdS>rImbrb joÌmn¡H$s EHy$U ImÚ {nHo$ AZwH«$_o OwÞa 86.62 Q>ŠHo$, {eéa_Üò 89.43 Q>ŠHo$, hdobr 66.91 Q>ŠHo$, Xm¢S> 80.78 Q> o$, ~mam_Vr 71.35

Q> o$ d B§Xmnya 72.78 Q> o$ joÌmda hmoVr Va EHy$U AImÚ {nHo$ AZwH«$_o OwÞa 13.38 Q>ŠHo$, {eéa 10.57 Q>ŠHo$, hdobr 33.09 Q>ŠHo$, Xm¢S> 13.1 Q> o$, ~mam_Vr 11.84 Q> o$, B§Xmnya 11.92Q>ŠHo$ joÌmda hmoVr.

bmJdS>rImbrb joÌmn¡H$s gdm©V OmñV Xm¢S> VmbwŠ`mV 31.77 Q>ŠHo$ joÌ ho ÁdmarÀ`m {nH$mImbr hmoVo. Va Ë`m-Ë`m VmbwŠ`mVrb bmJdS>rImbrb joÌmn¡H$s ÁdmarÀ`m {nH$mImbrb joÌ hdobr 30.27 Q>ŠHo$, OwÞa 25.92 Q>ŠHo$ Va {eéa_Üò 24.78 Q>ŠHo$, ~mam_Vr 28.52 Q> o$ d B§Xmnya 28.6 Q> o$ joÌ hmoVo. EHy$U AÞYmÝò {nH$mImbrb joÌ gdm©V OmñV {eê$a VmbwŠ`mV 77.96 Q>ŠHo$ hmoVo Va gdm©V H$_r hdobr VmbwŠ`mV 52.19 Q>ŠHo$ EdT>o hmoVo. 4.3.9 {ZdS>boë`m VmbwŠ`mVrb Ho$ir bmJdS>rImbrb Jmdo

nwUo {OëømVrb OwÞa, {eéa, hdobr, Xm¢S>, ~mam_Vr, B§Xmnya Ago ghm VmbwHo$ Aä`mgmgmR>r {ZdS>bobo AgyZ {OëømVrb EHy$U Ho$ir bmJdS>rn¡H$s 2007-08 _Üò 95 Q>ŠHo$ `m ghm VmbwŠ`mV hmoVo. nwUo {OëømVrb {ZdS>boë`m VmbwŠ`mV EHy$U 772 Jmdo AmhoV. Ë`mn¡H$s 346 JmdmV Ho$ir bmJdS> Ho$br Amho. Ë`mMm Vnerb VŠVm 4.23 _Üò {Xbm Amho.

VŠVm 4.23 : {ZdS>boë`m VmbwŠ`mVrb EHy$U Jmdo d Ho$ir bmJdS>rImbrb Jmdo (2005-06)

A.Z§. VmbwH$m EHy$U Jmdo Ho$ir bmJdS>rImbrb Jmdo Q> o$dmar 1 OwÞa 183 92 50.27 2 {eê$a 117 45 38.46 3 hdobr 108 52 48.15 4 Xm¢S > 103 42 40.78 5 ~mam_Vr 118 40 33.90 6 B§Xmnya 143 75 52.45 EHy$U 772 346 44.82

VŠVm 4.23 _Üò nwUo {OëømVrb {ZdS>boë`m VmbwŠ`m§_Üò EHy$U Jmdmer Ho$ir bmJdS>rImbrb Jmdm§Mo à_mU 44.82 Q>ŠHo$ {XgyZ òVo.

149

VŠVm 4.24 : {ZdS>boë`m VmbwŠ`mVrb \$iPmS>mImbrb EHy$U joÌ d Ho$ir bmJdS>rImbrb EHy$U joÌ (2004-05)

A. Z §.

VmbwH$m EHy$U

\$iPmS>m§Mo joÌ (hoŠQ>a)

eoH$S>m à_mU >

Ho$ir bmJdS>rMo joÌ (hoŠQ>a)

eoH$S>m à_mU

EHy$U \$iPmS>m§À`m joÌmer Ho$ir

bmJdS>rÀ`m joÌmMo à_mU >

1 OwÞa 2958 32.38 895.00 43.17 30.25 2 {eê$a 1450 15.87 198.00 9.55 13.65 3 hdobr 1585 17.35 245.00 11.82 15.46 4 Xm¢S> 759 8.31 190.00 9.16 25.03 5 ~mam_Vr 1062 11.62 115.00 5.54 10.83 6 B§Xmnya 1320 14.45 430.00 20.74 32.57 EHy$U 9134 100.00 2073 100.00 22.69

g§X^© : {Oëhm A{YjH$ H¥$fr A{YH$mar H$m`m©b`, nwUo-5

4.3.10 \$iPmS>m§Imbrb d Ho$ir bmJdS>rImbrb joÌ {ZdS>boë`m OwÞa, {eéa, hdobr, Xm¢S>, ~mam_Vr, B§Xmnya `m ghm VmbwŠ`mVrb EHy$U

\$iPmS>mImbrb joÌ 9134 hoŠQ>a AgyZ Ë`mn¡H$s Ho$ir bmJdS>rImbrb joÌ 2073 hoŠQ>a Amho. Ë`mMm Vn{eb VŠVm 4.24 _Ü o {Xbm Amho. 4.4 {ZdS>boë`m eoVH$è`m§Mm Aä`mg

Aä`mgmgmR>r {ZdS>boë`m eoVH$è`m§Mo Ë`m§À`m d`mZwgma, {ejUmZwgma d ì`dgm`mZwgma dJuH$aU Ho$bobo Amho. 4.4.1 {ZdS>boë`m eoVH$è`m§Mo dJuH$aU

nwUo {Oëøm§Vrb ghm VmbwŠ`m§_Üò {ZdS>boë`m JmdmVrb eoVH$è`m§Mo VrZ JQ>mV dJuH$aU Ho$bobo Amho.

1) bhmZ eoVH$ar 2 hoŠQ>an`ªV O_rZ YmaUjoÌ Agboë`m eoVH$è`m§Mm `m JQ>mV g_mdoe Ho$bm Amho.

2) _Ü`_ eoVH$ar 2.01 Vo 4 hoŠQ>a n`ªV YmaUjoÌ Agboë`m eoVH$è`m§Mm `m JQ>mV g_mdoe Ho$bm Amho.

3) _moR>o eoVH$ar 4.01 hoŠQ>aÀ`m da O_rZ YmaUjoÌ Agboë`m eoVH$è`m§Mm `m JQ>mV g_mdoe Ho$bm Amho. {ZdS>boë`m eoVH$è`m§Mo dJuH$aU VŠVm 4.25 _Üò {Xbo Amho.

150

VŠVm 4.25 : {ZdS>boë`m eoVH$è`m§Mo dJuH$aU

A.Z§. JQ> eoVH$è`m§Mr g§»`m Q> o$dmar 1 bhmZ eoVH$ar 82 40.59 2 _Ü`_ eoVH$ar 67 33.17 3 _moR>o eoVH$ar 53 26.24 EHy$U 202 100.00

g§X © : joÌr` nmhUr

VŠVm 4.25 _Üò nwUo {OëømVrb ghm VmbwŠ`mVrb {ZdS>boë`m JmdmVrb Ho$irMo CËnmXZ KoUmè`m EHy$U 202 eoVH$è`m§Mr Aä`mgmgmR>r {ZdS Ho$br Amho. {ZdS>boë`m eoVH$è`m§n¡H$s 40.59 Q>ŠHo$ eoVH$ar bhmZ JQ>mVrb AgyZ _Ü`_ d _moR>çm JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Mo à_mU AZwH«$_o 33.17 Q>ŠHo$ Am{U 26.24 Q>ŠHo$ {XgyZ òVo. 4.4.2 d`mZwgma dJuH$aU

Ho$ir bmJdS> H$aUmao eoVH$ar H$moUË`m d`moJQ>mVrb AmhoV ho OmUyZ KoÊ`mgmR>r Ë`m§Mo d`mZwgma dJuH$aU VŠVm 4.27 _Üò {Xbobo Amho.

VŠVm 4.26 : Ho$ir bmJdS> H$aUmè`m eoVH$è`m§Mo d`mZwgma dJuH$aU

A.Z§. d`moJQ> eoVH$è`m§Mr g§»`m Q> o$dmar 1 21 Vo 30 18 08.91

2 31 Vo 40 77 38.12

3 41 Vo 50 37 18.32

4 51 Vo 60 36 17.82

5 60 À`m da 34 16.83

EHy$U 202 100.00

g§X © : joÌr` nmhUr

VŠVm 4.26 _Ü o 21 Vo 30 `m d`moJQ>mV AgUmè`m eoVH$è`m§Mo à_mU 8.91 Q>ŠHo$ EdT>o {XgyZ òVo. Va 31 Vo 40 `m d`moJQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Mo à_mU 38.12 Q>ŠHo$ Amho. `mdê$Z Ago {XgyZ òVo H$s, 21 Vo 30 `m d`moJQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Mo à_mU gdm©V H$_r Amho. 21 Vo 60 `m d`moJQ>mVrb H$Ë`m© eoVH$è`m§Mo à_mU 83.17 Q>ŠHo$ {XgyZ òVo. d¥ÜX eoVH$è`m§Mo à_mU 16.83

Q>ŠHo$ EdT>o {XgyZ òVo. Ho$ir bmJdS> H$aUmè`m eoVH$è`m§_Üò AOyZhr d¥ÜX eoVH$è`m§Mo à_mU ZdVéUm§À`m VwbZoV A{YH$ Amho. Ë`m_wio `m ZdVéUm§Zm (21 Vo 30 d`moJQ>) Ho$ir bmJdS> H$aÊ`mgmR>r A{YH$ g§Yr AgyZhr Vo `m joÌmH$S>o AmH${f©V hmoD$ eH$V Zgë`mMo {XgVo. `mbm

151

{d{dY H$maUo AmhoV. CXm. ì`dgm`mMm AZw d ZgUo, ZmoH$arH$S>o H$b, AmdS> ZgUo, nmÊ`mMr Q§MmB© BË`mXr. `mdê$Z Ago ñnï> hmoVo H$s Ho$ir bmJdS>rV VéUm§Zm AOyZhr dmd Amho. 4.4.3 {ejUmZwgma dJuH$aU

eoVr Am{U {ejU `m§Mm K{Zï> g§~§Y AgVmo Ago AW©emómZo Oo J¥{hV _mZbo Amho, Vo àË`j ì`dhmamVrb AmH$S>odmardéZ Vo V§VmoV§V Iao Amho Ago åhQ>bo Var A{Ve`moŠVrMo R>aV Zmhr, H$maU A{e{jV eoVH$è`m§H$Sy>Z Ho$br OmUmar eoVr Am{U gw{e{jV eoVH$è`m§H$Sy>Z Ho$br OmUmar eoVr `m_Üò ~arM V\$mdV AmT>iVo. Ë`mMm n[aUm_ Ë`m§Zm {_iUmè`m eoVr CËnmXZmda ñnï> Pmbobm {XgVmo. åhUyZM Ho$ir bmJdS>rH$S>o diUmè`m eoVH$è`m§Mo {ejU {H$Vr Amho ho AO_mdÊ`mgmR>r eoVH$è`m§Mo {ejUmZwgma dJuH$aU Ho$bobo Amho. Vo VŠVm 4.27 _Üò {Xbobo Amho.

VŠVm 4.27 : Ho$ir bmJdS> H$aUmè`m eoVH$è`m§Mo {ejUmZwgma dJuH$aU

A.Z§. {ejU eoVH$è`m§Mr g§»`m Q> o$dmar 1 A{e{jV 12 5.94

2 Eg.Eg.gr.nojm H$_r 82 40.59

3 Eg.Eg.gr. 49 24.26

4 EM.Eg.gr. 11 5.45

5 nXdrYa 38 18.81

6 nXì`wÎma 09 4.45

7 Vm§{ÌH$ {ejU 01 0.50

EHy$U 202 100.00

g§X^ © : joÌr` nmhUr

VŠVm 4.27_Ü o Ago {XgyZ òVo H$s, 5.94 Q>ŠHo$ eoVH$ar A{e{jV AgyZ Cabobo 94.06

Q>ŠHo$ eoVH$ar gw{e{jV AmhoV. gw{e{jVm§n¡H$s Eg. Eg. gr. nojm H$_r {ejU KoVbobo 40.59

Q>ŠHo$ eoVH$ar AmhoV. VgoM Eg .Eg. gr. Pmbobo 24.26 Q>ŠHo$, EM². Eg². gr. Pmbobo 5.45

Q>ŠHo$, nXdrYa 18.81 Q>ŠHo$ Va nXì`wÎma 4.45 Q>ŠHo$ eoVH$ar {XgyZ òVmV. Vm§{ÌH$ {ejU KoVbobo 0.50 Q> o$ Amho. `mdê$Z Ago {XgyZ òVo H$s, 94 Q>ŠHo$ eoVH$ar gw{e{jV AmhoV. `m {ejUmMm \$m`Xm eoVH$è`m§Zm emór`X¥îQ>çm eoVr H$aÊ`mgmR>r hmoD$ eH$Vmo. 4.4.4 Ho$ir bmJdS> H$aUmè`m eoVH$è`m§Mm à_wI d Xwæ`_ ì`dgm`

Ho$ir bmJdS> \$m`Xoera R>ê$ bmJë`mZo AZoH$ bmoH$ Ho$ir bmJdS>rH$S>o AmH${f©V Pmbobo AmhoV. Ë`m_wio ì`dgm` H$aUmao d ZmoH$ar H$aUmao bmoH$ gwÜXm Ho$ir bmJdS> H$ê$ bmJbo AmhoV.

152

Ho$ir bmJdS> H$aUmè`m eoVH$è`m§Mo à_wI d Xwæ`_ ì`dgm`mZwgma dJuH$aU VŠVm 4.28 _Üò {Xbobo Amho.

VŠVm 4.28 : Ho$ir bmJdS> H$aUmè`m eoVH$è`m§Mo à_wI d Xwæ`_ ì`dgm`mZwgma dJuH$aU

A.Z§. ì`dgm` à_wI ì`dgm` Xwæ`_ ì`dgm`

eoVH$ar g§»`m Q> o$dmar eoVH$ar g§»`m Q> o$dmar 1 eoVr 182 90.09 20 9.90 2 ì`dgm` 09 4.46 19 9.41 3 ZmoH$ar 11 5.45 09 4.45 4 `mn¡H$s Zmhr -- -- 154 76.24 EHy$U 202 100.00 202 100.00

g§X © : joÌr` nmhUr VŠVm 4.28 _Ü o {ZX}{eV Ho$ë`mZwgma 90.9 Q>ŠHo$ eoVH$è`m§Mm à_wI ì`dgm` eoVr hmM

Amho. ZmoH$ar H$aUmè`m eoVH$è`m§Mo à_mU 5.45 Q>ŠHo$ {XgyZ òVo. Xwæ`_ ì`dgm`mZwgma {dMma H$aVm 9.90 Q>ŠHo$ eoVH$è`m§Mm eoVr hm Xwæ`_ ì`dgm` {XgyZ òVmo. Ë`m ImbmoImb 9.41 Q>ŠHo$ eoVH$è`m§Mm Xwæ`_ Y§Xm ì`dgm` AgyZ 4.45 Q>ŠHo$ à_mU ZmoH$ar H$aUmè`m eoVH$è`m§Mo Amho. 154 eoVH$è`m§Mm H$moUË`mhr àH$maMm Xwæ`_ ì`dgm` Zmhr. åhUOoM ho eoVH$ar eoVr gmoSy>Z BVa H$moUVmhr ì`dgm` qH$dm ZmoH$ar H$arV ZmhrV. `mdê$Z Ago {XgyZ òVo H$s, eoVr hmM `m eoVH$è`m§Mm à_wI ì`dgm` Amho. 4.4.5 Ho$ir bmJdS> H$aUmè`m eoVH$è`m§À`m Hw$Qw>§~mVrb gXñ` d eoVr H$aUmao gXñ`

Ho$ir bmJdS> H$aUmè`m eoVH$è`m§À`m Hw$Qw>§~mVrb gXñ` d àË`jmV eoVr H$aUmè`m gXñ`m§Mr _m{hVr VŠVm 4.29 _Ü o {Xbr Amho.

VŠVm 4.29 : Ho$ir bmJdS> H$aUmè`m eoVH$è`m§Mo Hw$Qw>§~mVrb gXñ` d eoVr H$aUmao gXñ`

JQ> eoVH$ar g§»`m

Hw$Qw> §~mVrb gXñ` EHy$U

eoVr H$aUmao gXñ` EHy$U

eoVr H$aUmè`m gXñ`m§Mo EHy$U

gXñ`m§er à_mU

14 dfm©Imbrb 14 dfm©darb 14 dfm©Imbrb 14 dfm©darb _wbo _wbr EHy$U _wbo _wbr EHy$U _wbo _wbr EHy$U _wbo _wbr EHy$U

bhmZ eoVH$ar 82 109 97 206 91 80 171 377 07 -- 07 82 36 118 125 33.16

_Ü`_ eoVH$ar 67 102 81 183 75 69 144 327 03 -- 03 72 27 99 102 31.19

_moR>o eoVH$ar

53 115 89 204 72 73 135 339 -- -- -- 64 05 69 69 20.35

EHy$U 202 326 267 593 238 212 450 1043 10 -- 10 218 68 286 296 28.38

g§X^© : joÌr` nmhUr

153

VŠVm 4.29 _Üò Ago {XgyZ òVo H$s, Ho$ir bmJdS> H$aUmè`m EHy$U eoVH$è`m§À`m Hw$Qw>§~mVrb gXñ` g§»`m 1043 hmoVr Ë`mn¡H$s àË`j eoVr ì`dgm`mV H$m_ H$aUmè`m eoVH$è`m§À`m Hw$Qw>§~mVrb gXñ`m§Mr g§»`m 296 hmoVr. Ë`m§Mo EHy$U gXñ`m§er à_mU 28.38 Q>ŠHo$ òVo. bhmZ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§À`m Hw$Qw>§~mVrb gXñ` g§»`m 377 hmoVr Ë`mn¡H$s 125 gXñ` åhUOoM 33.16 Q>ŠHo$ gXñ` àË`j eoVrV H$m_ H$arV hmoVo. `m JQ>mVrb Hw$Qw>§~mÀ`m gXñ`m§_Üò 14 dfm©darb 91 nwéf d 80 {ó`m åhUOoM 171 gXñ`m§n¡H$s àË`j eoVrV H$m_ H$aUmao 82 nwéf d 36 {ó`m åhUOoM 118 gXñ` hmoVo. Ë`m§Mo à_mU 69 Q>ŠHo$ Amho. `mM JQ>mVrb Hw$Qw>§~mV 14 dfm©Imbrb 109 _wbo Va 97 _wbr åhUOoM 206 Aënd`rZ _wbo hmoVr, Ë`mn¡H$s Ho$di 07 _wbo àË`j eoVrV H$m_ H$aVmZm AmT>ibr. `mdê$Z Ago ñnï> hmoVo H$s, Aënd`rZ _wbm§da hr Hw$Qw>§~o eoVrH$m_mMm ~moOm \$magm Q>mH$V ZmhrV. eoVrV H$m_ H$aÊ`mMr O~m~Xmar àm_w»`mZo 14 dfm©darb gXñ`M KoVmZm {XgVmV.

_Ü`_ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§À`m Hw$Qw>§~mVrb gXñ` g§»`m 327 hmoVr Ë`mn¡H$s 102 gXñ` åhUOoM 31.19 Q>ŠHo$ gXñ` àË`j eoVrV H$m_ H$arV hmoVo. `mM JQ>mVrb Hw$Qw>§~mVrb 14 dfm©darb gXñ`m§Mr g§»`m 144 hmoVr Ë`mn¡H$s 99 gXñ` åhUOoM 68.75 Q> o$ gXñ` eoVr ì`dgm`mV Jw§Vbobo hmoVo. VgoM `m JQ>mV 14 dfm©Imbrb gXñ`m§Mr g§»`m 183 hmoVr. na§Vw Ë`mVrb Ho$di VrZ _wboM eoVrV H$m_ H$aVmZm AmT>ibr. `mdê$Z Ago ñnï> hmoVo H$s, bhmZ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§à_mUoM _Ü`_ JQ>mVrb eoVH$arXoIrb eoVr ì`dgm`mMm ~moOm Aënd`rZ _wbm§da Q>mH$V ZmhrV.

_moR>çm JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§À`m Hw$Qw>§~mVrb gXñ`m§Mr g§»`m 339 hmoVr. Ë`mn¡H$s Ho$di 69 gXñ` eoVr H$aVmZm AmT>ibo. Ë`m§Mo à_mU 20.35 Q>ŠHo$ BVHo$ hmoVo. `mdê$Z Ago ñnï> hmoVo H$s, bhmZ Am{U _Ü`_ JQ>mer VwbZm H$aVm _moR>çm JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§À`m Hw$Qw>§~mVrb gXñ`m§Mo eoVr H$gÊ`mMo à_mU H$_r Amho. _moR>çm JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§À`m Hw$Qw>§~mVrb 14 dfm©darb gXñ`m§Mr g§»`m 135 hmoVr. Ë`mn¡H$s 69 gXñ` åhUOoM 51.11 Q>ŠHo$ gXñ` eoVrV H$m_ H$aV hmoVo. {edm` `m JQ>m~m~V Ago AmT>iyZ òVo H$s, 14 dfm©Imbrb _wbm§Mr g§»`m 204 hmoVr. na§Vw Ë`mn¡H$s H$moUrhr eoVrV H$m_ H$aVmZm AmT>iyZ Ambo Zmhr.

bhmZ, _Ü`_ d _moR>çm JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§n¡H$s eoVr H$aUmè`m gXñ`m§Mo EHy$U gXñ`m§er à_mU gdm©V OmñV bhmZ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Mo (33.16 Q>ŠHo$) hmoVo. Ë`mImbmoImb à_mU _Ü`_ (31.19 Q>ŠHo$) d _moR>çm JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Mo à_mU (20.35 Q>ŠHo$) {XgyZ òVo. EHy$U eoVH$è`m§À`m Hw$Qw>§~mVrb 14 dfm©darb {ó`m§Mr g§»`m 212 hmoVr. Ë`mn¡H$r 68 pñÌ`mM 32.07

Q> o$ {ó`m àË`j eoVrV H$m_ H$aVmZm AmT>ië`m. eoVrV H$m_ H$aUmè`m nwê$f gXñ`m§er VwbZm H$aVm eoVrV H$m_ H$aUmè`m {ó`m§Mo à_mU IynM H$_r Agë`mMo {XgyZ òVo.

154

EHy$U eoVH$è`m§À`m Hw$Qw>§~mVrb 14 dfm©darb _wbr§Mr g§»`m 267 hmoVr. na§Vw Ë`mn¡H$s EH$hr Aënd`rZ _wbJr àË`j eoVrV H$m_ H$aVmZm {XgyZ Ambr Zmhr. EHy$U eoVH$è`m§À`m Hw$Qw>§~mVrb 14 dfm©Imbrb _wbm§Mr g§»`m 326 hmoVr. Ë`mn¡H$s Ho$di 10 _wboM (3.07 Q>ŠHo$) eoVrV H$m_ H$aVmZm AmT>ibr. hr _wbo eoVrV nmUr XoUo, amIU H$aUo d eoVmVrb VU H$mT>Uo hr H$m_o H$aVmZm AmT>ibr. EHy$U _wbm§er VwbZm H$aVm eoVrV H$m_ H$aUmè`m Aënd`rZ _wbm§Mo à_mU ZJÊ` Agë`mMo {XgyZ òVo. 4.4.6 O_rZ YmaUjoÌ

{ZdS>boë`m eoVH$è`m§Mo EHy$U O_rZ YmaUjoÌ Am{U gamgar YmaUjoÌ VŠVm 4.30 _Üò XmI{dbo Amho.

VŠVm 4.30 : Ho$ir bmJdS> H$aUmè`m eoVH$è`m§Mo EHy$U O_rZYmaUjoÌ (joÌ hoŠQ>a_Üò) A.Z§. JQ> eoVH$è`m§Mr g§»`m EHy$U O_rZ YmaUjoÌ gamgar O_rZ YmaUjoÌ

1 bhmZ eoVH$ar 82 (40.59)

127.20 (18.59)

1.55

2 _Ü`_ eoVH$ar 67 (33.16)

228.40 (33.39)

3.41

3 _moR>o eoVH$ar 53 (26.23)

328.50 (48.02)

6.20

EHy$U 202 (100.00)

684.01 (100.00)

3.39

(H§$gmVrb AmH$S>o EHy$U g§»òer eoH$S>m à_mU Xe©{dVmV.) g§X © : joÌr` nmhUr VŠVm 4.30 _Üò Ago {XgyZ òVo H$s, 26.23 Q>ŠHo$ _moR>çm JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Mo EHy$U

O_rZ YmaUjoÌ 48.02 Q>ŠHo$ Amho Am{U 33.16 Q>ŠHo$ _Ü`_ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Mo EHy$U O_rZ YmaUjoÌ 33.39 Q>ŠHo$ Amho Va 40.59 Q>ŠHo$ bhmZ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Mo EHy$U O_rZ YmaUjoÌ 18.59 Q>ŠHo$ Amho. `mdê$Z Ago ñnï> hmoVo H$s, EHy$U O_rZ YmaUjoÌmMr {d^mJUr {df_ Pmbobr Amho. `mMmM AW© _moR>çm JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Mo O_rZ YmaUjoÌ OmñV Amho. VgoM _moR>çm JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Mo gamgar O_rZ YmaUjoÌ 6.20 hoŠQ>a AgyZ Ë`m ImbmoImb _Ü`_ d bhmZ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Mo gamgar O_rZ YmaUjoÌ AZwH«$_o 3.41 Am{U 1.55 hoŠQ>a Amho. Aä`mgboë`m EHy$U eoVH$è`m§Mo gamgar YmaUjoÌ 3.39 hoŠQ>a {XgyZ òVo. 4.4.7 Ho$ir bmJdS>rImbrb joÌ

Ho$ir bmJdS> H$aUmè`m eoVH$è`m§Mo EHy$U YmaUjoÌ, {OamB©V joÌ, ~mJmB©V joÌ VgoM Ho$ir bmJdS>rImbrb joÌmMr _m{hVr VŠVm 4.32 _Ü o {Xbr Amho.

VŠVm 4.31 _Ü o Ago {XgyZ òVo H$s, Ho$ir bmJdS> H$aUmè`m EHy$U eoVH$è`m§Mo Ho$ir bmJdS>rImbrb EHy$U joÌ 169.5 hoŠQ>a AgyZ Ë`mn¡H$s 34.50 hoŠQ>a joÌ (20.35 Q>ŠHo$) bhmZ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Mo d 55.40 hoŠQ>a joÌ (32.68 Q>ŠHo$) _Ü`_ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Mo Amho.

155

VŠVm 4.31 : Ho$ir bmJdS> H$aUmè`m eoVH$è`m§Mo YmaUjoÌ d Ho$ir bmJdS>rImbrb joÌ

JQ> eoVH$ar g§»`m

{OamB©V joÌ

~mJm`V joÌ

bmJdS>rImbrb EHy$U joÌ

Ho$ir bmJdS>r Imbrb

EHy$U joÌ

Ho$ir bmJdS>r Imbrb

gamgar O_rZ YmaUjoÌ

Ho$ir bmJdS>r Imbrb joÌmMo EHy$U eoÌmer

à_mU bhmZ eoVH$ar

82 18.4 108.80 127.20 34.50 (20.35)

0.42 33.7

_Ü`_ eoVH$ar

67 26.2 202.20 228.40 55.40 (32.68)

0.82 24.25

_moR>o eoVH$ar

53 42.8 285.70 328.50 79.60 (46.96)

1.50 24.23

EHy$U 202 87.4 596.7 684.1 169.5 0.91 24.78 Q>¸o$dmar 12.77 87.23 100 100

(H§$gmVrb AmH$S>o EHy$U g§»òer eoH$S>m à_mU Xe©{dVmV.) g§X © : joÌr` nmhUr

Cabobo joÌ 79.60 hoŠQ>a joÌ (46.96 Q>ŠHo$) _moR>çm JQ>mVrb Amho. VgoM Ho$ir bmJdS>rImbrb gamgar O_rZ YmaUjoÌ bhmZ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Mo 0.42 Q>ŠHo$ _Ü`_ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Mo 0.82 Q>ŠHo$, Va _moR>çm JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Mo gdm©{YH$ 1.50 Q>ŠHo$ {XgyZ òVo. `mdê$Z Ago ñnï> hmoVo H$s, Ho$ir bmJdS>rImbrb joÌmMr {d^mJUr {df_ ñdénmMr Amho.

Ho$ir bmJdS> H$aUmè`m eoVH$è`m§Mo EHy$U bmJdS>rImbrb joÌ 684.1 hoŠQ>a AgyZ Ë`mn¡H$s {OamB©V joÌ 87.4 hoŠQ>a (12.77 Q>ŠHo$) Va ~mJmB©V joÌ 596.7 hoŠQ>a (87.23 Q>ŠHo$) Amho. `mMmM AW© {OamB©V joÌmÀ`m VrZnQ>r nojm A{YH$ ~ma_mhr ~mJmB©V joÌ Amho.

bhmZ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Mm {dMma H$aVm bhmZ eoVH$è`m§Mo EHy$U bmJdS>rImbrb joÌ 127.20 hoŠQ>a AgyZ Ë`mn¡H$s {OamB©V joÌ 18.4 hoŠQ>a d ~mJmB©V joÌ 108.80 hoŠQ>a Amho. `m JQ>mV Ho$ir bmJdS>rImbrb joÌmMo EHy$U joÌmer à_mU 33.07 Q>ŠHo$ {XgyZ òVo. `mMmM AW© EHy$U joÌmer ho à_mU IynM H$_r Amho.

_Ü`_ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Mo EHy$U bmJdS>rImbrb joÌ 228.40 hoŠQ>a AgyZ Ë`mn¡H$s {OamB©V joÌ 26.2 hoŠQ>a d ~mJmB©V joÌ 202.20 hoŠQ>a Amho. Ho$ir bmJdS>rImbrb joÌmMo EHy$U joÌmer à_mU 24.25 Q>ŠHo$ åhUOoM EHy$U joÌmer ho à_mU bhmZ eoVH$è`m§er VwbZm H$aVm H$_r Agë`mMo {XgyZ òVo.

_moR>çm JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Mo EHy$U bmJdS>rImbrb joÌ 328.50 hoŠQ>a AgyZ Ë`mn¡H$s {OamB©V joÌ 42.8 hoŠQ>a d ~mJmB©V joÌ 285.70 hoµµŠQ>a Amho. Ho$ir bmJdS>rImbrb joÌmMo EHy$U joÌmer à_mU 24.23 Q>ŠHo$ åhUOoM AË`§V Aën AgyZ _Ü`_ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§nojm ho à_mU H$_r Agë`mMo {XgyZ òVo.

156

bhmZ, _Ü`_ Am{U _moR>çm JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Mo bmJdS>rImbrb EHy$U joÌ 684.1

hoŠQ>a AgyZ Ho$ir bmJdS>rImbrb joÌmMo EHy$U joÌmer à_mU 24.78 Q>ŠHo$ EdT>o {XgyZ òVo. åhUOoM ho à_mU IynM H$_r Agë`mMo {XgyZ òVo. `mMmM AW© Ho$ir bmJdS>rImbrb joÌmMo EHy$U joÌmer à_mU H$_r AgÊ`mMr AZoH$ H$maUo gm§JVm òVrb. CXm. CÝhmù`mV {Z_m©U hmoUmar nmÊ`mMr Q>§MmB©, amoJamB©Mm àmXw m©d, qH$_VrVrb MT> CVma, A{ZpíMV CËnÞ, Z¡g{J©H$ g§H$Q>o (Adoir nmD$g, H$S>mŠ`mMr W§S>r) VgoM nrH$ KoVmZm H$amdm bmJUmam _moR>m IM©, eoVH$è`m§Mr Am{W©H$ n[apñWVr, VgoM BVa {nH$m§Mr bmJdS> B. g§ dVmV. 4.4.8 {Za{Zamù`m {nH$m§Imbrb joÌ

Ho$ir bmJdS> H$aUmè`m bhmZ, _Ü`_ d _moR>çm JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Mo E>Hy$U bmJdS>rImbrb joÌ 684.1 hoŠQ>a AgyZ `m joÌmVrb {Za{Zamù`m {nH$m§Imbrb joÌm§Mo dJuH$aU VŠVm 4.32 _Üò {Xbo Amho.

VŠVm 4.32 : Ho$ir bmJdS> H$aUmè`m eoVH$è`m§Mo {Za{Zamù`m {nH$m§Imbrb joÌ (joÌ hoŠQ>a_Ü o)

A.Z§. {nHo$ bhmZ eoVH$ar _Ü`_ eoVH$ar _moR>o eoVH$ar EHy$U eoVH$ar 1 V¥UYmÝ o 33.92

(26.66) 61.83

(27.07) 81.47

(24.80) 177.22 (25.90)

2 H$S>YmÝò 18.68 (14.68)

32.10 (14.05)

49.7 (15.13)

100.48 (14.69)

3 ^mOrnmbm 21.78 (17.12)

33.09 (14.84)

40.13 (12.22)

95 (13.89)

4 Ho$ir 34.50 (27.12)

55.40 (24.25)

79.60 (24.23)

169.5 (24.78)

5 BVa \$io 5.36 (4.21)

9.39 (4.11)

14.57 (4.43)

29.32 (4.28)

6 BVa 12.96 (10.19)

35.77 (15.66)

63.5 (19.33)

112.23 (16.40)

EHy$U 127.20 (100.00)

228.40 (100.00)

328.50 (100.00)

684.1 (100.00)

(H§$gmVrb AmH$S>o EHy$U g§»òer eoH$S>m à_mU Xe©{dVmV.) g§X © : joÌr` nmhUr

VŠVm 4.32 dê$Z Ago {XgyZ òVo H$s, {Za{Zamù`m {nH$m§À`m joÌmMm {dMma H$aVm gdm©V OmñV joÌ V¥UYmÝ`mImbr (25.90 Q>ŠHo$) {XgyZ òVo. Ë`m ImbmoImb Xwgam H«$_m§H$ Ho$irMm (24.78 Q>ŠHo$) bmJVmo. {Vgam H«$_m§H$ BVa {nHo$ (16.40 Q>ŠHo$) Va Mm¡Wm H«$_m§H$ H$S>YmÝ`mMm (14.69 Q>ŠHo ) bmJVmo, {nH$m§Imbrb EHy$U joÌmV AÞYmÝ`mImbrb joÌmMm dmQ>m (V¥UYmÝò Am{U H$S>YmÝ o {_iyZ) OdiOdi 40.59 Q>ŠHo$ Amho. ^mOrnmë`mMr {nHo$ (13.89 Q> o$), BVa \$im§Mm (4.28 Q>ŠHo$) `m§Mo à_mU AJXrM H$_r Ago Amho. BVa \$imImbrb joÌ Ho$irnojm H$_r Agë`mMo (20.50 Q>ŠHo$) {XgyZ òVo.

157

bhmZ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Mm {dMma H$aVm Ë`m§À`m EHy$U {nH$m§Imbrb joÌmV V¥UYmÝ`m§Mm H«$_m§H$ n{hbm (26.66 Q>ŠHo$) bmJVmo. EHy$U AÞYmÝ`mMm {dMma H$aVm (V¥UYmÝ o Am{U H$S>YmÝò {_iyZ) joÌ (41.34 Q>ŠHo$) `m {nH$mImbr Amho. `m JQ>mV Xwgam H«$_m§H$ Ho$ir bmJdS>rImbrb joÌmMm (27.12 Q>ŠHo$) bmJVmo. {Vgam H«$_m§H$ ^mOrnmbm (17.12 Q>ŠHo$) `m {nH$mMm Va Mm¡Wm H«$_m§H$ H$S>YmÝò (14.68 Q>ŠHo$) BVa {nH$mMm (10.19 Q>ŠHo$) bmJVmo. Ë`m ImbmoImb BVa \$i (4.21 Q>ŠHo$) `m§Mm H«$_m§H$ bmJVmo.

_Ü`_ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Mo gdm©V OmñV joÌ ho V¥UYmÝ`mImbrb (27.07 Q>ŠHo$) Amho. Va H$S>YmÝò d V¥UYmÝò {_iyZ EHy$U AÞYmÝ`mImbrb joÌ (41.12 Q>ŠHo$) OmñV Agë`mMo {XgyZ òVo. `m JQ>mV Xwgam H«$_m§H$ Ho$ir bmJdS>rImbrb joÌmMm H«$_m§H$ (24.25 Q>ŠHo$) bmJVmo. {Vgam H«$_m§H$mda BVa {nH$m§Mm (15.66 Q>ŠHo$) Mm¡Ï`m H«$_m§H$mda ^mOrnmbm (14.84 Q>ŠHo$) Ë`m ImbmoImb nmMdm H«$_m§H$ H$S>YmÝò (14.5 Q>ŠHo$) ho nrH$ Amho. Ë`m ImbmoImb BVa \$io (4.11

Q>ŠHo$) `m joÌm§Mm H«$_m§H$ bmJVmo. _moR>çm JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§À`m EHy$U {nH$mImbrb joÌmV V¥UYmÝ`mImbrb joÌmMm

n{hbm H«$_m§H$ (24.80 Q>ŠHo$) bmJVmo. V¥UYmÝò Am{U H$S>YmÝò {_iyZ EHy$U AÞYmÝ`mImbrb joÌmMm dmQ>m (39.93 Q>ŠHo$) Amho. `m JQ>mV Xwgè`m H«$_m§H$mda Ho$irMm H«$_m§H$ bmJVmo (24.23

Q>ŠHo$ ) AmhoV. Va {Vgè`m H«$_m§H$mda BVa {nHo$ (19.33 Q>ŠHo$) Amho. Ë`m ImbmoImb H$S>YmÝò (15.13 Q>ŠHo$), ^mOrnmbm bmJdS>rImbrb joÌmMm (12.22 Q>ŠHo$) H«$_m§H$ bmJVmo. Va gdm©V H$_r joÌ BVa \$io (4.43 Q>ŠHo$) {nH$mImbr Amho.

bhmZ, _Ü`_ Am{U _moR>çm JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Mm VwbZmË_H$ Aä`mg H$aVm Ago {XgyZ òVo H$s, OgOgm JQ>mMm AmH$ma dmT>V OmVmo, VgVgo BVa {nH$mImbrb joÌ dmT>V OmVo. `mCbQ> Ho$irImbrb joÌ H$_r H$_r hmoV OmVo. V¥UYmÝò d H$S>YmÝò `m {nH$mImbrb joÌ _Ü`_ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Mo bhmZ d _moR>çm eoVH$è`m§nojm OmñV Amho. ^mOrnmbm `m {nH$mImbrb joÌ _Ü`_ d _moR>çm JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§nojm bhmZ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Mo OmñV Amho. `mCbQ> BVa \$im§À`m {nH$mImbrb joÌ _moR>çm JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Mo OmñV Amho.

VrZhr JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Mm {dMma H$aVm EHy$U {nH$m§À`m bmJdS>rImbrb joÌmV XoIrb V¥UYmÝ`mMm H«$_m§H$ àW_ bmJVmo, Va bhmZ _Ü`_ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Mm Ho$irImbrb joÌmMm Xwgam H«$_m§H$ bmJVmo. Va BVa {nH$mImbrb joÌ {Vgè`m H«$_m§H$mda Agë`mMo {XgyZ òVo. `mMmM AW© Agm H$s, Ho$ir ho nrH$ eoVH$è`m§Zm BVa {nH$m§nojm A{YH$ à{V\$b {_idyZ XoVo. Ë`m_wioM eoVH$ar Ho$ir bmJdS>rH$S>o AmH${f©V Pmbo AmhoV Ago {XgyZ òVo.

158

4.4.9 Ho$ir ~mJoMo YmaUjoÌ {ZdS>boë`m eoVH$è`m§Mo Ho$ir bmJdS>rImbrb joÌ {dMmamV KoD$Z Ho$ir ~mJoMo

0.40 hoŠQ>an`ªV, 0.41 Vo 0.80 hoŠQ>an`ªV Am{U 0.81 Am{U Ë`mnojm A{YH$ YmaUjoÌ Aer {d^mJUr Ho$br. H$moUË`m Ho$ir~mJ YmaUjoÌmÀ`m AmH$mamV {H$Vr eoVH$ar d {H$Vr joÌ Amho ho VŠVm 4.33 _Üò XmI{dbo Amho.

VŠVm 4.33: Ho$ir ~mJoÀ`m YmaUjoÌ AmH$mamZwgma eoVH$è`m§Mr {d^mJUr

Ho$ir~mJ YmaU joÌmMm AmH$ma

bhmZ eoVH$ar _Ü`_ eoVH$ar _moR>o eoVH$ar EHy$U eoVH$ar

eoVH$ar g§»`m

Ho$irjoÌ eoVH$ar g§»`m



EHy$U eoVH$è`m§er eo. à_mU

Ho$ir joÌ

EHy$U Ho$ir joÌmer

eo.à_mU

0.40 hoŠQ>an`ªV 62 18.40 36 22.97 24 12.74 122 60.39 54.11 31.92

0.41 Vo 0.80 hoŠQ>an`ªV

15 9.00 15 9.90 16 20.90 46 22.77 39.8 23.48

0.81 d Ë`mnojm A{YH$

05 7.10 16 22.53 13 45.75 34 16.83 75.38 44.47

EHy$U 82 34.50 67 55.40 53 79.60 202 100.00 169.5 100.00 g§X © : joÌr` nmhUr

VŠVm 4.33 _Üò 0.40 hoŠQ>an`ªV Ho$ir ~mJoMo YmaUjoÌ AgUmè`m eoVH$è`m§Mr g§»`m 122 AgyZ Ë`m§Mo Ho$ir bmJdS>rImbrb joÌ 54.11 hoŠQ>a {XgyZ òVo. 0.41 Vo 0.80 hoŠQ>an`ªV YmaUjoÌmMm AmH$ma AgUmè`m eoVH$è`m§Mr g§»`m 46 AgyZ Ë`m§Mo Ho$ir bmJdS>rImbrb joÌ 39.8 hoŠQ>a {XgyZ òVo. Va 0.81 qH$dm Ë`mnojm A{YH$ joÌ AgUmè`m eoVH$è`m§Mr g§»`m 34

AgyZ Ë`m§Mo Ho$ir bmJdS>rImbrb joÌ 75.38 hoŠQ>a {XgyZ òVo. EHy$U eoVH$ar d EHy$U Ho$ir bmJdS>rImbrb joÌmMm {dMma H$aVm EHy$U eoVH$è`m§n¡H$s 60.39 Q>ŠHo$ eoVH$è`m§Mo EHy$U Ho$ir bmJdS>rImbrb joÌmer à_mU 31.92 Q>ŠHo$ {XgyZ òVo Va 22.77 Q>ŠHo$ eoVH$è`m§Mo EHy$U Ho$ir bmJdS>rImbrb joÌmer à_mU 23.48 Q>ŠHo$ {XgyZ òVo. 16.83 Q>ŠHo$ eoVH$è`m§Mo EHy$U Ho$ir bmJdS>r Imbrb joÌmer à_mU 44.47 Q>ŠHo$ {XgyZ òVo. `mdê$Z Ago {XgyZ òVo H$s, Ho$ir bmJdS>rImbrb bhmZ JQ>mVrb eoVH$è`m§Mr g§»`m OmñV AgyZhr Ë`m§Zr YmaU Ho$boë`m joÌmMo à_mU H$_r Amho. VgoM EHy$U eoVH$è`m§Mm {dMma H$aVm 60.39 Q>ŠHo$ eoVH$ar 0.40 hoŠQ>an`ªV YmaUjoÌmÀ`m AmH$mamV Ho$ir bmJdS> H$aVmV. `mMmM AW© H$_r YmaUjoÌmVhr Ho$ir bmJdS> H$aUo {H$\$m`Vera R>aVo. åhUyZ bhmZ eoVH$ar Ho$ir bmJdS>rH$S>o dië`mMo {XgyZ òVo.

139

VŠVm 4.18: H¥$fr CËnÞ ~mOma g{_Vr nwUo, Ho$ir CËnmXZ AmdH$/{dH«$s d _mJrb d Mmby dfm©Vrb ~mOma^md

A.

Z§. Ahdmb df©

Ho$irMr AmdH$

(q¹$Q>b_Üò)

{dH«$s

(én`mV)

~mOmamV Ho$ir

AmUUmè`m

_mbYÝ`m§Mr g§»`m

~mOma^md (q¹$Q>b_Üò)

Ahdmb df© _mJrb df©

{H$_mZ H$_mb gamgar {H$_mZ H$_mb gamgar

1 2003-04 4250 2018750 150 360 590 475 320 500 410

2 2004-05 7570 4012100 320 410 650 530 400 550 475

3 2005-06 11640 7391400 510 550 720 635 510 630 570

4 2006-07 16920 11505600 740 590 770 680 550 650 600

5 2007-08 18950 14496750 820 690 840 765 650 720 685

6 2008-09 15720 12183000 680 730 820 775 710 790 750

g§X © : H¥$fr CËnÞ ~mOma g{_Vr, lr N>ÌnVr {edmOr _mH}$Q>`mS>©, nwUo, dm{f©H$ àemgZ à{Vd¥Îm, 2003-04 Vo 2008-09

146

VŠVm 4.21 : nwU o {Oëhm d {ZdS>boë`m VmbwŠ`mVrb O{_ZrMm dmna (0.00 hoŠQ >a_Ü` o, 2005-06)

A. Z§.

Vnerb n wU o {Oëhm Aä`mgmgmR>r {ZdS>bobo VmbwH o$ {ZdS >b oë`m

V mb wŠ`m §M o n wU o {Oëømer e o. à_mU OwÞa {eê$a hdobr Xm ¢S > ~mam_Vr B §Xmn ya

1 EHy$U ^m¡Jmo{bH$ joÌ\$i 1562058 (100.00)

138452 (100.00)

155727 (100.00)

133602 (100.00)

129035 (100.00)

138208 (100.00)

146820 (100.00)

53.89

2 O§Jbì`má joÌ 171809 (11.00)

20876 (15.08)

6019 (3.87)

7864 (5.89)

4630 (3.59)

4960 (3.58)

5796 (3.94)

29.18

3 eoVrbm CnbãY Zgbobo joÌ 168221 (10.77)

9834 (6.81)

15612 (10.03)

18815 14.10)

16360 (12.67)

10210 (7.38)

13560 (9.23)

49.93

A){~Ja eoVr dmnamImbrb O_rZ 63995 (4.10)

3012 (2.18)

6585 (4.23)

4011 (3.02)

3935 (3.04)

3842 (2.77)

4521 (3.08)

40.48

~) nS>rH$/bmJdS>rImbr Zgbobr O_rZ

104226 (6.67)

6822 (4.93)

9027 (5.80)

14804 (11.08)

9740 (7.54)

6720 (4.86)

7840 (5.34)

52.72

4 nS>rH$ O{_Zrì`{V[aº$ bmJdS> Z Pmbobr EHy$U O_rZ

124103 (7.94)

2715 (1.96)

9398 (6.03)

12285 (9.20)

3740 (2.89)

3520 (2.54)

5210 (3.55)

29.71

5 EHy$U nS>rH$ O_rZ 127419 (8.16)

3535 (2.55)

7076 (4.54)

2731 (2.04)

3210 (2.48)

2930 (2.12)

6550 (4.46)

20.43

6 bmJdS>rImbrb {Zìdi joÌ 970481 (62.13)

101492 (73.30)

117622 (75.53)

91907 (68.79)

107225 (83.09)

117132 (84.75)

124607 (84.87)

68.00

A)Amo{bVmImbrb (~mJm`Vr) ñWyb joÌ

313199 (20.05)

44934 (32.45)

34459 (22.13)

22699 (16.99)

27660 (21.43)

33410 (24.17)

30550 (20.81)

61.85

~) {Oam`Vr joÌ 657282 (42.08)

56558 (40.85)

83163 (53.40)

69208 (51.80)

67921 (52.63)

56120 (40.60)

69730 (47.49)

61.27

7 EH$mnojm OmñV doim noaUr Ho$bobo joÌ (XwgmoQ>m joÌ)

175201 (11.22)

16491 (11.91)

4317 (2.77)

16927 (12.67)

12350 (9.57)

10750 (7.77)

11530 (7.85)

41.30

8 bmJdS>rImbrb EHy$U joÌ (6+7) 1145682 (73.34)

117983 (85.21)

121939 (78.30)

108834 (81.46)

102421 (79.37)

127882 (92.52)

136137 (92.72)

62.42

9 bmJdS>rbm`H$ joÌ 1222003 (78.23)

107742 (77.82)

134096 (86.11)

106923 (80.03)

89230 (69.15)

107301 (77.63)

96234 (65.54)

52.30

H§$gmVrb AmH$S>o EHy$U joÌmer eoH$S>m à_mU Xe©{dVmV. g§X © : {Oëhm Am{W©H$ d gmm_{OH$ g_mbmoMZ, nwUo {Oëhm, 2005-06 AW© gm§p»`H$s _§Ìmb`, _hmamï> emgZ

Documents

àH$aU MmWo nU {OëømMm d {ZdS>bë`m VmbŠ`mMm Aä`mgshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/8274/10/10... · 2018. 7. 8. · 112 àH$aU MmWo nU {OëømMm d {ZdS>bë`m VmbŠ`mMm