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Have out:Onion Mitosis Lab1 piece of paper labeled “Understanding Cancer” (N?)
Pick up:Yellow, pink, green & blue sticky note
Agenda:1. Finish Onion Mitosis lab & turn-in2. Understanding Cancer reading & activity3. Cancer notes
Homework:1. The Cell Cycle:
Mitosis & Meiosis Test: Fri, 11/22
Biology Fun Fact: According to the American Cancer Society, about 1,660,290 new cancer cases are expected to be diagnosed in 2013 (does not include carcinoma in situ of any site & basal cell & squamous cell skin cancers). In 2013, about 580,350 Americans are expected to die of cancer, almost 1,600 people per day. Cancer is the 2nd most common cause of death in the US, exceeded only by heart disease, accounting for nearly 1 of every 4 deaths.
Week #6 (11/18-11/22)Warm Up – Mon, 11/18: - Finish Onion Mitosis lab & turn-in
Unit Learning Goal: Students will understand the phases of the cell cycle.
Onion Mitosis Lab What is the
magnification of the eyepiece lens?
How do you find Total Magnification?
When do you use the course adjustment?
What do you use fine adjustment for?
How do you carry a microscope?
L14 – “Onion Mitosis Lab”
Telophase
Anaphase
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
When finished with your lab (observations & questions), turn your lab handout in to the Hmwk Bin!!!
Real Time-lapse photography of Mitosis Occurring
QUIETLY read the “Understanding Cancer” article on Pgs. 138-9.
When finished… Divide your paper labeled
N? like the picture below & add the labels to each grid.
On each sticky note, WRITE LARGELY & NEATLY… YellowYellow: an essential
characteristiccharacteristic or definitiondefinition of cancer
Pink: a fact you did not know about cancer
Green: an example of cancer
Blue: an non-example or opposite of cancer
N? – “Understanding Cancer”
Understanding CancerCharacteristic/Definition
New Facts
Non-example/ opposite
Examples
Now get into your lab groups.
Send 2 people to the back to pick up a whiteboard & a cubbie.
Set up your whiteboard like page N? with 2 lines & labels for each section.
Add your OWN IDEAS to N?.
Add your sticky notes to your whiteboard in the appropriate areas.
As a group, share out your ideas ALOUD.
Add any NEW IDEAS of your group members to N?.
Cancer Walk-about: As you walk, take your Sci.
Ntbk with you & add any NEW IDEAS from other groups.
N? – “Understanding Cancer”
Errors in mitosis are rare, but… When mitosis does go wrong, it’s…
Usually during early cellular divisions & Dangerous to future offspring because they will
carry same disorder
N? – “Understanding Cancer”
Mutations in genes that control the timing & number of mitotic cell cycles: Tumor: cancerous cell mass resulting from
abnormal cell growth & production of excess tissue in single organ
Benign: Tumors that remain in original location Not harmful if they do not grow to excessive sizes
Malignant: Tumors that leave original location & invade other cells
Metastasis: migration of tumor cells that lodge in other parts of the body & form new tumors
N? – “Understanding Cancer”
Chromosomes may become damaged Arm of chromosome
broken & fragment lost = deletion Fragment (gene) may…
incorrectly reattach to another chromosome = translocation
Reattach to original chromosome but in reverse orientation = inversion
May be treated as a separate chromosome = chromosomal duplication
N? – “Understanding Cancer”
Non-disjunction: a chromosome fails to separate during anaphase One daughter cell receives both sister
chromosomes & the other receives none Trisomy: condition in which a cell contains
3 (tri = 3) chromosomes with same genes (2 sisters & a homologue)
Monosomy: condition in which a cell has only 1 (mono = 1) chromosome (a homologous chromosome)
Condition associated with cancer & mental retardation
N? – “Understanding Cancer”
Pick up:Mitosis vs. Meiosis Review (N?)Meiosis note page (N?)
Agenda:1. Mitosis vs. Meiosis 2. Meiosis notes
Homework:1. The Cell Cycle:
Mitosis & Meiosis Test: Fri, 11/22
Biology Fun Fact: Estimated Number* of Deaths for Selected Cancers by State, US, 2013 (American Cancer Society) ARIZONA All Sites Brain/ Female Colon & Leukemia
Nervous Breast RectumSystem
11,210 310 790 990 480
Liver Lung/ Non-Hodgkin Ovary Pancreas ProstateBronchus Lymphoma
460 2,850 400 310 740 630
Week #6 (11/18-11/22) Warm Up – Tues, 11/19:-Mitosis Review & Meiosis Intro simulation
Unit Learning Goal: Students will understand the phases of the cell cycle.
Eukaryotic Somatic (body) cells do this to
reproduce
Eukaryotic Gametes (sex/reproductive) cells do this to reproduce
N? – Mitosis vs. Meiosis Summary Review Guide
Meiosis involves 2 divisions of the nucleus, to produce 4 haploid (hap = “half”) cells.
Before meiosis begins, DNA is replicated (copied); allowing the cell to make a complete copy of its genetic information during interphase. Each chromatid has an identical copy of DNA attached at a centromere.
Homologous chromosomes are similar in size, shape & genetic content.
N? – “Meiosis notes”
Prophase IChromosomes are visible as the DNA condenses (becomes more compact).Homologous chromosomes pair up – 1 from father, 1 from motherCrossing over occurs – sections of 2 homologous chromosomes switch placesSpindle fibers form & attach to chromosomes.Nuclear membrane disappears.
N? – “Meiosis notes”
Metaphase IHomologous chromosomes move to the equator of the cell.Homologous chromosomes remain together.
N? – “Meiosis notes”
Anaphase ISpindle fibers pull chromosomes to opposite poles of cell (do not pull chromatids apart at centromere)
N? – “Meiosis notes”
Telophase I/Cytokinesis IIndividual chromosomes gather at each of the poles.Spindle fibers disappear.2 daughter diploid (di – “2”) cells are created when the cell membrane divides.
N? – “Meiosis notes”
Prophase IISpindle fibers appear & attach to chromosomes.Nucleus disappears Metaphase IIChromosomes line up “single file” along the equator.
N? – “Meiosis notes”
Anaphase IISpindle fibers pull the chromatids apart at the centromere.Fibers pull the chromatids to opposite poles
N? – “Meiosis notes”
Telophase II/Cytokinesis IIA nuclear envelope forms around each set of chromosomes.The spindle fibers disappear. The cell undergoes cytokinesis.4 haploid cells are created.
N? – “Meiosis notes”
MEIOSIS IMEIOSIS I
Mitosis & Meiosis comparison:http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/olcweb/cgi/pluginpop.cgi?it=swf::535::535::/sites/dl/free/0072437316/120074/bio17.swf::Comparison of Meiosis and Mitosis
N? – “Meiosis notes”
MEIOSIS IIMEIOSIS IIN? – “Meiosis notes”
3 key contributions to genetic variation:
1. Crossing-over chromosomes exchange sections (increases variability)
Meiosis & Crossing over video
N? – “Meiosis & Genetic Variation notes”
Can cells make mistakes when they reproduce? Deletion: arm of a
chromosome becomes broken & fragment is lost
Translocation: fragment incorrectly reattaches to another, non-homologous chromosome
Inversion: fragment reattaches to original chromosome, but in reverse orientation
Chromosomal duplication: fragment treated erroneously as a separate chromosome
N? – “Meiosis & Genetic Variation notes”
Independent Assortment video
N? – “Meiosis & Genetic Variation notes”
3 key contributions to genetic variation:
2. Independent assortment occurs because there are various ways that chromosomes may be aligned in
metaphase I of meiosis
N? – “Meiosis & Genetic Variation notes”
The main purpose of meiosis is the formation of gametes = gametogenesis
Meiosis in males:Spermatogenesis – process of producing sperm with half the number of chromosomes (haploid) as somatic cells
Spermatogenesis video
N? – “Meiosis & Gamete Formation notes”
HOW SPERM IS MADE!!HOW SPERM IS MADE!!IN MALES,
- 1 somatic cell (stem cells) goes through 2 divisions of Meiosis I & Meiosis II &
- you will have 4 viable sperm cells
N? – “Meiosis & Gamete Formation notes”
13
Oogenesis - production of an egg or ovum in the female
N? – “Meiosis & Gamete Formation notes”
Oogenesis video
HOW AN EGG IS MADE!!HOW AN EGG IS MADE!!IN FEMALES,
- 1 somatic cell (stem cell) goes through 2 divisions of Meiosis I & Meiosis II
- you will have 1 very large egg cell
= absorbed back into body as protein
N? – “Meiosis & Gamete Formation notes”
Chromosomes: bundles of long strands of DNA (like unraveling a ball of string) Eukaryotes (reproduce sexually): chromosomes come in
pairs (except in sex cells or gametes) Humans have 46 chromosomes in 23 pairs
Meiosis Each new cell has only half the number of chromosomes
that a typical cell in that organism has Example: Human somatic cells (46 chromosomes); sperm
& egg cells (23 chromosomes) Cells containing half the chromosome number: haploid cells Cells with the full chromosome number: diploid cells
Gametes (sex cells) only have half the number of chromosomes because during sexual reproduction, each parent contributes 50% of the genetic information
N? – “Meiosis notes”
Have out:Cell Cycle Pre-Test
Pick up:A box of crayons
Agenda:1. Finish Meiosis notes (if needed)2. Mitosis vs. Meiosis Memoirs Review activity
Homework:1. The Cell Cycle:
Mitosis & Meiosis Test: Fri, 11/22
Biology Fun Fact:
Week #6 (11/18-11/22) Warm Up – Thurs, 11/21:-Cell Cycle Pre-Test Review
Unit Learning Goal: Students will understand the phases of the cell cycle.
Each pair needs to pick up a red, blue, yellow & green colored pencil.
Re-read through each Unit Objectives
If you are SUPER DUPER CONFIDENT & CAN APPLY/ EXPLAIN AN EXAMPLE for that objective, put a blue SMILEY FACE in that square.
If you are CONFIDENT that you know/can do that objective, put a green CHECK MARK in that square. GO! ‘cause you KNOW!
If you HAVE HEARD OF/KIND OF KNOW that objective, put a yellow STAR in that square. HAULT or WAIT…not sure!
If you HAVE NEVER HEARD OF/DO NOT KNOW that objective, put a red QUESTION MARK in that square. STOP! I have no idea!
S7 – “Cell Cycle Pre-Test”
In a group of 2 to 3 (yes, you MAY choose), create a poster (with
captions) about meiosis from a CREATIVE point of view.
Include the following:NAMES of ALL group members on BACK
Cell (after interphase) must have 4 pieces of DNA (DNA needs to be represented in a CREATIVE WAY)
All the STEPS of MEIOSIS + Interphase & Cytokinesis
EXPLAIN, in detail, what happens to you in each phase
Chromosomes must include COLOR to show pairs & sets
FIRST & LAST CELLS need to be LABELED with all IMPORTANT terms (chromatids, chromatin, chromosome, spindle fibers, centrioles, etc)
If there is a difference in the phase (compared to mitosis), you MUST include a FOOTNOTE under the image stating & explaining what the difference is
Have out:???
Pick up:Answer Sheet
Agenda:1. The Cell Cycle: Mitosis & Meiosis Test2. DNA Replication Pre-Test & Learning Goal
Homework:None! Have a great weekend!
Biology Fun Fact:
Week #6 (11/18-11/22) Warm Up – Fri, 11/22:-Last minute questions?
Unit Learning Goal: Students will understand the phases of the cell cycle.
Each pair needs to pick up a red, blue, yellow & green colored pencil.
Read through each Unit Objective
If you are SUPER DUPER CONFIDENT & CAN APPLY/ EXPLAIN AN EXAMPLE for that objective, put a blue SMILEY FACE in that square.
If you are CONFIDENT that you know/can do that objective, put a green CHECK MARK in that square. GO! ‘cause you KNOW!
If you HAVE HEARD OF/KIND OF KNOWHAVE HEARD OF/KIND OF KNOW that objective, put a yellow yellow STARSTAR in that square. HAULT or WAIT…not sureHAULT or WAIT…not sure!
If you HAVE NEVER HEARD OF/DO NOT KNOW that objective, put a red QUESTION MARK in that square. STOP! I have no idea!
S8 – “DNA Replication Pre-Test”
4.0In addition to Level 3, the student can
make inferences & applications beyond the examples discussed in class.
3.0Mastery
In addition to Level 2, the student can: Distinguish between DNA, RNA & proteins. Identify the steps of DNA Replication. Identify the steps of Protein Synthesis. Discuss how DNA determines the
characteristics of an organism.with no major errors or omissions.
2.0With no major errors or omissions, the student
can complete some of Level 3 but not all objectives.
1.0With guidance, the student can complete at least
one objective.
0Even with guidance, the student is unable to
complete any of the objectives.
