Hawaiian Hawaiian AnnexationAnnexation

Jae LeeUS History A

Navigational bars are at the bottom of each slide. Arrows move you to the previous and next slides.

Home buttons bring you back to this slide.

Date of Expansion

How WhyRuling

Governments approve?

Impact on Inhabitants

Effect Expansion had on U.S.

Addition of Hawaii was..

AdditionalResources

Bibliography

Previous slide

Home

Next slide

Please choose a button to begin. You must come back to

this slide to move on to a new topic.

Dates of the Dates of the expansion?expansion?

Originally, in 1897 there was a treaty issued to annex Hawaii.

However Hawaii wasn’t successfully annexed until 1898. The U.S. successfully passed a treaty annexing the Hawaiian Islands on July 12, 1898.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Loweringhawaiianflag.jpg

How the U.S. Annexed How the U.S. Annexed HawaiiHawaii

The annexation of Hawaii was actually against Hawaii’s will.

How the U.S. Annexed How the U.S. Annexed HawaiiHawaii

In 1893, Queen Lili’uokalani, who was the last queen of Hawaii, was overthrown by a party of businessmen, who then imposed a provisional government.

Hawaii was recognized as an independent nation by many foreign nations, including the U.S.

www.hawaiiopera.org/images/QueenLiliuokalani.jpg

Queen Lili’uokalani

How the U.S. Annexed How the U.S. Annexed HawaiiHawaii

Missionaries arrived in Hawaii and became sugar planters and politicians. The planters slowly gained power.

Queen Lili’uokalani tried to then switch power back to the monarchy, but failed.

On January 16, 1893, U.S. marines landed in Honolulu and imprisoned the Queen in Iolani Palace.

Queen Lili’uokalani wanted to avoid bloodshed, so she surrendered to the U.S.

A Hawaiian sugarplantation

www.hawaii.gov/dbedt/czm/wec/html/people/images/plantation.jpg

How the U.S. Annexed How the U.S. Annexed HawaiiHawaii

President Cleveland was president at that time. He learned about the coup and apologized to the Queen, refusing to annex Hawaii.

However, he soon was out of office and President McKinley allowed the annexation of Hawaii.

http://www.visitingdc.com/president/grover-cleveland-picture.htm

President

Mckinley

President Cleveland

http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic-art/354972/12918/William-McKinley

Why U.S. Annexed Why U.S. Annexed HawaiiHawaii

The U.S. needed Hawaii as a commercial export resource.

They also valued Hawaii as a strategic location for defense in the Pacific region due to the Spanish American War.

The U.S. needed a mid-Pacific fueling station and naval base.

Example of naval base in Hawaii:

Pearl Harborhttp://www.militarypictures.info/ships/Pearl_Harbour.jpg.html

Did the Ruling Did the Ruling governments of the governments of the territories approve?territories approve?

Not at all.

Queen Lili’uokalani repeatedly asked the United States for her power back.

She was supposed to be reinstated in a position of power again, as ordered by James Blount, a special investigator to investigate events in Hawaii.

However, Sanford Dole, the president of the Provisional Government of Hawaii refused to turn over power.

http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Presidentsanforddole.jpg

Sanford Dole

Impact on Inhabitants Impact on Inhabitants of Territoryof Territory

Even to this day, the inhabitants are rallying against the U.S.

They argue that Hawaii isn’t truly a state of America, and that they have not given up their sovereignty.

This is a recreation of what took place in 1893 when Hawaiians

received word of possible annexation by America. All

participants in this video used transcripts.

Please only watch this video for a few seconds and come back to it later if time allows.

Arguments of the Arguments of the InhabitantsInhabitants

The native Hawaiians have argument with valid reasoning.

They say that President Clinton signed the United States Public Law 103-150 which acknowledges all the crimes that the U.S. has committed to Hawaii, and that the Hawaiian people never surrendered their sovereignty.

The exact line in the Public Law 103-150 is: “Whereas, the indigenous Hawaiian people never directly relinquished their claims to their inherent sovereignty as a people or over their national lands to the United States, either through their monarchy or through a plebiscite or referendum;”

The Public Law 103-150 also includes a written acknowledgement of crimes done by America to Hawaii, and an apology for those crimes.

Effect Expansion had Effect Expansion had on U.S.on U.S.

Economic change: Sugar production in Hawaii increased from 289,500 tons in 1900 to 939,300 tons in 1930. Pineapple production also expanded from 2000 cases of canned fruit in 1900 to 12,808,000 cases in 1931.

Population change: The population of Hawaii increased from 109,020 in 1896 to 232,856 people by 1915.

http://bestofhawaiirealestate.com/molokai_culture.html

Effect Expansion had Effect Expansion had on U.S.on U.S.

Natural resources/ Environmental changes: The U.S. gained a mid-Pacific fueling station and a naval base in the Pacific.

Impact on slavery or other institutions: After annexation, the U.S. eliminated bound labor contracts and freed the existing labor force from their contracts. The sugar planters and the Hawaii government then recruited workers from foreign nations.

http://www.ssqq.com/travel/hawaii200702.htm

Effect Expansion had Effect Expansion had on U.S.on U.S.

Political Impact: The U.S. government is criticized by Native Hawaiians. Even to this day, some Native Hawaiians refuse to call Hawaii a state of America, saying they never gave up their sovereignty.

http://www.hawaiiankingdom.info/C1126750129/E20090822111106/index.html

Addition of Hawaii Addition of Hawaii was:was:

Of course, the U.S. gained many economic benefits and a refueling station/defensive base in the pacific, however, they were not justified in taking Hawaii.

Not Justified Because:Not Justified Because:They took the land by force, instead of through a peaceful treaty.

They ignored the will of the inhabitants, and only held discussions regarding annexation with American citizens.

The U.S. acknowledges crimes committed against Hawaii and even apologized for them, which signifies that the crimes did happen.

The U.S. should have annexed Hawaii peacefully instead of using force to take over. They also should not have ignored the inhabitants of Hawaii, as the the Hawaiian Islands belonged to the inhabitants originally.

Additional ResourcesAdditional Resources

If time allows, please watch for additional information.

ONLY IF TIME ALLOWS

This is a documentary on Queen Lili’uokalani

BibliographyBibliography• "Hawaii is not legally a state!." WhatReallyHappened. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Aug. 2010. <whatreallyhappened.com/WRHARTICLES/HAWAII/hawaii.html>.

• "Hawaiian Independence Action Alliance." Hawaiian Independence Action Alliance. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Aug. 2010. <www.hawaiianindependencealliance.org/category/pressrelease/>.

• "THE APOLOGY - United States Public Law 103-150." HAWAII - INDEPENDENT & SOVEREIGN. N.p., 23 Nov. 1993. Web. 30 Aug. 2010. <http://www.hawaii-nation.org/publawall.html>.

• "UN Charter: Article 73." HAWAII - INDEPENDENT & SOVEREIGN. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Aug. 2010. <http://www.hawaii-nation.org/art73.html>.

• SFORZA, TERI. "Hawaii's annexation a story of betrayal." HAWAII - INDEPENDENT & SOVEREIGN. N.p., 9 Nov. 1996. Web. 30 Aug. 2010. <http://www.hawaii-nation.org/betrayal.html>.

• "The 1897 Petition Against the Annexation of Hawaii." National Archives and Records Administration. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Aug. 2010. <http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/hawaii-petition/>.

• "United States Annexation of Hawaii." Hawaii for Visitors - Hawaii Travel Web Site - by Kathie Fry. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Aug. 2010. <http://www.hawaiiforvisitors.com/about/annexation.htm>.

• Mintz, S. (2007). “The Annexation of Hawaii.” Digital History. Retrieved (30 Aug. 2010) fromhttp://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu (http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/database/article_display.cfm?HHID=189)

• Smith, Anna . "Lili'uokalani -- Hawaii's Last Queen (documentary excerpt) ." YouTube - Broadcast Yourself. . N.p., 1 May 2009. Web. 30 Aug. 2010. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XpsmUCtsd2o>.

• "Lili'uokalani event Annexation Hawaii ." YouTube- Broadcast Yourself. . N.p., 16 Jan. 2007. Web. 30 Aug. 2010. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1g1U96AtWs8>.

• La Croix, Sumner. "THE ECONOMIC HISTROY OF HAWAI’I: A SHORT INTRODUCTION." University of Hawaii Department of Economics. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Aug. 2010.

<http://www.economics.hawaii.edu/research/workingpapers/WP_02-3.pdf>.