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Hazardous Material Storage & Use
1. Introduction 2. Hazardous Material Definitions 3. Hazardous Occupancies 4. Electrically Hazardous 5. Conclusions
Outline / Agenda
You probably have hazardous materials if you: Use cleaning and/or sanitizing chemicals Use liquid flavor ingredients Have combustible dust (i.e., sugar, flour) Treat water or wastewater
Introduction
Why do you need to be concerned? Employee Safety Insurance requirements Company policy It is the law!
Introduction
Why now? Increased focus on food safety = more aggressive chemicals Drive toward ESL = changes in chemicals used New products = more liquid flavorings Increased regulatory scrutiny High profile incidents Increased insurance underwriter scrutiny
Introduction
Areas of Focus: 1. Corrosive Liquids 2. Flammable / Combustible Materials Liquids Combustible Powders
3. Liquid Oxidizers
Introduction
A chemical that causes visible destruction of, or irreversible alterations in, living tissue by chemical action at the point of contact
Corrosive Liquids
OSHA US DOT
Examples: Cleaning Chemicals Water Treatment Chemicals Sanitizer Chemicals Hazard: Personal Injury due to chemical exposure
Corrosive Liquids
Flammable Liquids have a flash point below 1000F and Combustible Liquids have a flash point at or above 1000F.
Flammable / Combustible Liquids
OSHA US DOT US DOT
Flammable / Combustible Liquids Flammables / Combustibles Classes
Classes Flash Point Boiling Point Code Impact IA <73oF <100oF Severe IB <73oF >100oF IC 77oF – 99oF N/A II 100oF - 139oF N/A
IIIA 140oF – 199oF N/A IIIC < 200oF N/A Moderate
Examples: Liquid Flavorings Juice Concentrates Hand Sanitizer
Hazard: Property damage / loss due to fire risk
Flammable / Combustible Liquids
A material that readily yields oxygen or other oxidizing gases, or readily reacts to promote or initiate combustion of combustible materials
Liquid Oxidizers
OSHA US DOT US DOT
Class 1 –Slightly increases burning rate of combustible materials but does not cause spontaneous ignition. Class 2 –Moderately increases burning rate of combustible materials or causes spontaneous ignition of combustible materials. Class 3 –Severely increases burning rate of combustible materials or undergoes vigorous self-sustained decomposition caused by contamination or exposure to heat. Class 4 – Can undergo an explosive reaction due to contamination or exposure to thermal or physical shock.
Liquid Oxidizers
Examples: Hydrogen Peroxide – Packaging Sanitizer Nitrous Oxide – Packaging Aerosol Sanitizing chemicals
Hazard: Property damage / loss and personal injury due to fire
risk, personal injury due to exposure.
Liquid Oxidizers
Applicable Codes, Standards & Authorities: Local Building Codes Local Fire Code National Electric Code NFPA Insurance Underwriter’s Standards (FM Global) Company Standards / Policy Local Authority Having Jurisdiction OSHA
Hazardous Materials
Hazardous Occupancy vs. Electrically Hazardous
Hazardous Occupancy Electrically Hazardous Quantity driven Operations driven Fire rated walls Explosion proof Equipment Spill containment Static Grounding Fire protection Only addresses electrical
equipment
Hazardous Materials
Corrosives Dust
Flammable/ Combustible
Liquids
Oxidizers
Electrical Code Fire/Building Codes
NFPA, Insurance Underwriters, OSHA
Applicable Codes and Authorities
Allowable quantities exceeded = Hazardous Use group.
Hazardous Occupancy Material Classes Use Open
System Use Closed
System Storage “S”
Occupancy Corrosive Liquids 200 Gallons 1,000 Gallons 1,000 Gallons 1,950 Gallons
Flammable Liquid
IA 20 Gallons 60 Gallons 60 Gallons
IB 60 Gallons 240 Gallons 240 Gallons
IC 60 Gallons 240 Gallons 240 Gallons
Combustible Liquid
II 60 Gallons 240 Gallons 240 Gallons
III A 160 Gallons 660 Gallons 660 Gallons
III B Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited
Combination Flammable Liquids
240 Gallons 240 Gallons 240 Gallons
Oxidizer 4 .025 Gallons .025 Gallons .1 Gallons
3 .4 Gallons .4 Gallons 2 Gallons
2 50 Gallons 50 Gallons 50 Gallons
1 Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited
Hazardous Occupancy Building and Fires codes regulate quantities of Hazardous Materials in facilities by control area Control area: Room or Area Bound by exterior walls or 1 hour fire barrier
Hazardous Occupancy
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Oxidizer Flammables Corrosives
Typical Allowable Quantities Per Control Area
When the maximum allowable quantities per control area are exceeded, the area must be classified as Hazardous. H-2: Dispensing flammable liquids H-3: Storage of flammable liquids Use and storage of oxidizers H-4: Use and storage of corrosive liquids
Hazardous Occupancy
Hazardous Use Group Requirements Fire Separation from other Occupancies: Example: 1 hour fire separation required between H3 and F
use occupancies. Requirements vary depending on classification of adjacent
use groups
Hazardous Occupancy
Hazardous Use Group Requirements H2 and H3 occupancy location requirements: minimum of 25% of the perimeter wall must be an exterior
wall cannot exceed 10% of the overall building area when part of
an unlimited area building Outdoor bulk storage requires 5’ separation from “important”
buildings
Hazardous Occupancy
Hazardous Use Group Requirements Spill Control: A spill from the largest container / vessel must be contained Spill may be contained within the room
Hazardous Occupancy
Hazardous Use Group Requirements Secondary Containment: A spill from the largest container / vessel and 20 minutes of
fire water flow must be contained
Hazardous Occupancy
Hazardous Use Group Requirements Egress: Maximum exit access travel distance of 100’ for H2. Maximum exit access travel distance of 150’ for H3. Maximum common path of travel distance of 25’.
Hazardous Occupancy
Hazardous Use Group Requirements Explosion Control or Prevention: Only required where IA’s are dispensed or stored and IB’s are
dispensed Continuous ventilation or gas detection initiated ventilation
can be used for explosion prevention
Hazardous Occupancy
Hazardous Use Group Requirements Continuous Ventilation: 1 cfm/sf with emergency stop button (IFC) Maintain vapor concentration <25% of lower flammable
limit (NFPA) Standby backup power required
Hazardous Occupancy
Hazardous Use Group Requirements Sprinklers: Required in H-use occupancies. Governed by NFPA, influenced by insurance underwriters. Specific requirements vary significantly.
Hazardous Occupancy
Requirements depend on: Water miscible? Viscosity? Flammable class? Flammable concentration?
Fire Protection
Requirements depend on: Container size? Container type? Rack or pile storage? Storage height?
Fire Protection
NFPA 30 Sprinkler Requirements
Fire Protection
NFPA 30 Figure 16.6.1.1(a)
Rack Storage
Hazardous Occupancy
Material Class Type Rack Maximum Storage Height
Corrosive Liquids N/A Single, double, or multi row No Limit
Flammable Liquid
IA Single or double row 25 FT
IB Single or double row 25 FT
IC Single or double row 25 FT
Combustible Liquid
II Single or double row 25 FT
III A Multi row 40 FT
III B Multi row 40 FT
Pile Storage
Hazardous Occupancy
Material Class Max Length
Max Width
Max Height
Minimum Distance to
next pile Corrosive Liquids N/A No Limit No Limit No Limit No Limit
Flammable Liquid
IA * * 5 FT *
IB * * 6.5 FT *
IC * * 6.5 FT *
Combustible Liquid
II * * 10 FT *
III A * * 20 FT *
III B * * 20 FT *
Oxidizer 4 10 FT 4 FT 8 FT 8
3 No Limit 10 FT 10 FT 10 FT
2 No Limit 25 FT 12 FT 12 FT
1 No Limit 50 FT 20 FT 3 FT
*Pile dimensions are limited by quantity of liquid not overall length and width
Corrosives Dust
Flammable/ Combustible
Liquids
Oxidizers
Electrical Code Fire/Building Codes
NFPA, Insurance Underwriters, OSHA
Applicable Codes and Authorities
Hazardous Use Group: Volume Based Electrically Hazardous: Operations based
Electrically Hazardous
Electrically Hazardous Locations: Where flammable gases/vapors or dust may be present in explosive or ignitable concentrations.
Electrically Hazardous
Hazardous Classification
Flammable / Combustible Material
Presence of Flammable / Combustible
Class I Division 1 Gas or liquid vapor Normally present
Class I Division 2 Gas or liquid vapor Not normally present
Class II Division 1 Dust Normally present
Class II Division 2 Dust Not normally present
NFPA 70 – National Electrical Code NFPA 30 – Flammable and Combustible Liquids NFPA 497 - …Classification of … Hazardous (Classified) Locations for Electrical Installations… And many more….
Electrically Hazardous
How do we define Electrically Hazardous Locations? The National Electrical Code doesn’t define IF it’s
hazardous, only what to do once we’ve determined that it is hazardous.
NFPA 30 and NFPA 497 are useful for determining IF it’s hazardous.
Electrically Hazardous
NFPA 30 – Table 7.3.3 lists classification for specific applications. Example:
Electrically Hazardous
Location Classification Extent of Area Indoor equipment where vapors are normally present
Class I Division 1 Area within 5’ of equipment Class I Division 2 Between 5’ and 8’ from equipment
3’ above floor within 25’
NFPA 497
Electrically Hazardous
NFPA 497 Figure 5.9.6
NFPA 497
Electrically Hazardous
Adequate Ventilation Inadequate Ventilation
NFPA 497 Figure 5.9.1(i)
NFPA 497 Figure 5.9.1(j)
NFPA 497
Electrically Hazardous
NFPA 497 Figure 5.9.4(a)
When is it not hazardous? NFPA 30: Incidental use: lubricating oil, cleaning solvents, etc. Indoor warehousing where there is no liquid transfer. Combustible liquids stored or handled at temperatures below
their flash point. Factory Mutual: Areas with less than 5 gallons in a single container or piece
of equipment.
Electrically Hazardous
Hazardous Location Equipment
Electrically Hazardous
Hazardous Location Equipment
Electrically Hazardous
Class I Division 1 Class I Division 2
Corrosives Dust
Flammable/ Combustible
Liquids
Oxidizers
Electrical Code Fire/Building Codes
NFPA, Insurance Underwriters, OSHA
Applicable Codes and Authorities
Combustible Dust Finely divided solid material which is 420 microns or less in diameter and which, when dispersed in air in proper proportions, could be ignited by a flame, spark or other source of ignition.
Combustible Dust Examples: Sugar Flour Dry ingredients
Hazard: Property damage / loss due to fire or explosion risk
Applicable Codes & Standards: NFPA 61 – Fire and Dust Explosions in Agricultural and Food Processing Facilities NFPA 70 – National Electrical Code NFPA 499 – Classification of Combustible Dusts and of Hazardous (Classified) Locations… OSHA – Combustible Dust in Industry: Preventing and Mitigating the Effects of Fire and Explosions
Combustible Dust
When is it hazardous? Depends on equipment design, operational procedures,
housekeeping. If there’s dust present, it’s hazardous.
Combustible Dust
Implications Electrical: Class II Division 1: Explosionproof Class II Division 2: Dustproof Building: Explosion venting may be required
Combustible Dust
Conclusion
Corrosives Dust
Flammable/ Combustible
Liquids
Oxidizers
Electrical Code Fire/Building Codes
NFPA, Insurance Underwriters, OSHA
Conclusion
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Oxidizer Flammables Corrosives
Maximum Allowable Quantities Per Control Area
Conclusion Hazardous Occupancy vs. Electrically Hazardous
Hazardous Occupancy Electrically Hazardous Quantity driven Operations driven Fire rated walls Explosion proof Equipment Spill containment Static Grounding Fire protection Only addresses electrical
equipment
If you: Use cleaning and/or sanitizing chemicals Use liquid flavors Have combustible dust (i.e., sugar, flour) Treat water or wastewater
You may be at risk!
Conclusion
Look for our next Webinar in April 2013
Pre-loaded questions 1. I store hazardous materials in flammable
storage cabinets. Does the building code still apply?
2. How do I know if I have flammable liquids? 3. I have flammable liquids, what should I do? 4. If all this is required by law, can I get in
trouble if I don’t have everything you described?
5. How would this impact CIP bulk chemical storage?