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Session HM 2.1.1

Chapter 3

Recognizing & Identifying the Hazards

The Connecticut Fire Academy

Recruit Firefighter Program

Presentation Instructor Notes

Slide 1

Hazardous Material Training

Jones & Bartlett

Hazardous Materials Awareness and Operations

Hazardous MaterialsN.F.P.A. 472 – 2013

Jones & Bartlett


Chapter 3 / Recognizing and Identifying the Hazards

June 2011

Slide 2


Jones & Bartlett


Chapter 3

Objectives

• Describe occupancies that

may contain Hazardous

Materials. NFPA 4.2.1 (5)

• Understand how to use

senses to detect the

presence of Hazardous

Materials.

• Describe specific container

shapes/types that may

indicate Hazardous

Materials.

• Describe shipping and

storage tanks that could

hold Hazardous Materials.

• Describe apparatuses that

can transport Hazardous

Materials.

• Identify product, owner,

and emergency telephone

number on a pipeline

marker.

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• Describe CHEMTREC

and the National

Response Center.

• Describe how to identify

criminal or terrorist

activity involving

chemical, biological, or

radiological agents.

• Describe how to identify

an illicit laboratory, as

well as explosive and

secondary devices.

• Describe how to identify a

placard, label, and

marking.

• Describe the NFPA 704

hazard identification

system.

• Describe how to use the

Emergency Response

Guidebook (ERG).

• Describe material safety

data sheets (MSDS) and

shipping papers.

Chapter 3

Objectives

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Intent

Severity and Complexity

Crime Scene Management

Incident Command

Secondary Devices

Attacks and Armed Resistance

NFPA 4.2.1(4)

Differences between Hazardous Materials / WMD

Incidents and other Emergencies.

RecognizingHazardous Materials / WMD Incidents


Session HM 2.1.1

Chapter 3





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Potential for doing great harm effects are

far reaching and severe

Responders must be trained and equipped

Long term effects

People

Property

Environment

NFPA 4.2.1(4)


4.2.1(4) continued

Potential for doing great harm since effects are far reaching and

severe.

Responders must be specifically trained and equipped to deal with

them properly.

Often have long term effects to the environment, people and

property.

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Differences between a

chemical and a biological incident.

NFPA 4.2.1(14)


4.2.1(14) Describe the difference between a chemical and a

biological incident.

A.4.2.1(14) A chemical incident is characterized by a rapid onset

of medical symptoms (minutes to hours) and can have observed

signatures such as colored residue, dead foliage, pungent odor, and

dead insect and animal life. With biological incidents, the onset of

symptoms usually requires days to weeks, and there are typically no

characteristic signatures because biological agents are usually

odorless and colorless. The area affected can be greater due to the

migration of infected individuals because of the delayed onset of

symptoms. An infected person could transmit the disease to another

person.

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Weapons Depots

Flight Line

Hospitals

Maintenance

Facilities

Warehouses

Laboratories

Tank Farms

Truck Terminals

NFPA 4.2.1(5)

Typical occupancies and locations in the

community where hazardous materials / WMD

are manufactured, transported, stored, used,

or disposed of.


4.2.1(5) continued


Session HM 2.1.1

Chapter 3





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Sight Corrosive Actions

Chemical Reactions

Pooling Liquids

Condensation Lines

on Pressure Tanks

Injured Victims or

Casualties

Fire or Vapor Cloud

Sound Hissing of Pressure

Release

Pinging of Heated

Metal

Odor Gas Leaks

Fire or Vapor Cloud

NFPA 4.2.1(11)


4.2.1(11) Clues of Hazardous Materials using the following senses;

• Sight

• Visible corrosive actions

• Chemical reactions

• Pooling liquids

• Condensation lines on pressure tanks

• Injured victims or casualties

• Fire or vapor cloud

• Sound - hissing of pressure releases

• Odor

• Gas leaks

• Fire or vapor cloud

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Limitations of using the senses in determining

the presence or absence of Hazardous

Materials / WMD.

Sight – Injury (too close)

Smell – Injury / Death

Touch – Injury / Death

Taste – Injury / Death

NFPA 4.2.1(12)


4.2.1(12) Describe the limitations of using the senses in

determining the presence or absence of hazardous

materials/WMD.

Can’t Teach “Common Sense”

Close enough to see - risk of injury

Close enough to smell - risk of injury

Touching may cause injury

Taste - not recommended, may taste good – Heavenly Good

Caution must be used at all times

Some materials de-sensitize or deaden the senses and personnel

would not be aware of danger

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Use your SENSES wisely

Initially, Stay a Distance Away from

the IncidentLOOK

LISTEN

DO NOT “lead with your NOSE”

NFPA 4.2.1(12)



Session HM 2.1.1

Chapter 3





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Targets Hazards for Criminal or Terrorist

activity using Hazardous Materials / WMD.

NFPA 4.2.1(13)

Locations: (But not limited to)

Public Assembly Areas

Public Buildings

Mass Transit Systems

Places with High Economic Impact

Telecommunications Facilities

Places of Historical or Symbolic Significance

Military Installations

Airports

Industrial Facilities


4.2.1(13) Identify at least four types of locations that could be

targets for criminal or terrorist activity using hazardous

materials/WMD.

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Identify typical container shapes that

can indicate hazardous materials.

NFPA 4.2.1(6)

IdentificationContainers

4.2.1(6) Identify typical container shapes that can indicate the

presence of hazardous materials/WMD.

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Bulk vs. Non-Bulk

BulkPackaging, other than a Vessel or

barge, in which materials are loaded

with no intermediate form of

containment;Greater than 119 Gals. LiquidGreater that 882 pounds or 119 galsfor a solidGreater than 1,001 pounds –Compressed Gas Water Capacity

Non- BulkPackaging that is smaller

than the minimum

criteria established for

bulk packaging;Less than the amounts asidentified for Bulk

Drums, Boxes, Carboysand Bags are examples

NFPA 4.2.1(6)


4.2.1(6) Identify typical container shapes that can indicate the

presence of hazardous materials/WMD.

Students need to understand the difference between Bulk and Non-

Bulk Packaging

Bulk

Packaging, other than a Vessel or barge, in which materials are

loaded with no

intermediate form of containment;

• Greater than 119 Gals. Liquid

• Greater that 882 pounds or 119 gals for a solid

• Greater than 1,001 pounds for Compressed Gas Water Capacity

Non- Bulk

Packaging that is smaller than the minimum criteria established for

bulk packaging;

Less than the amounts as identified for Bulk:

Less than 119 Gals. / 882 or Less Solids / 1001 Compressed Gas

Water or Less

• Drums, Boxes, Carboys and Bags are examples


Session HM 2.1.1

Chapter 3





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Determinations for Bulk and Non-bulk Shipping Containers

Liquid

Gas

Solids

WMD

General Shapes of Containers

NFPA 5.2.1.1


5.2.1.1* Given three examples each of liquid, gas, and solid

hazardous material or

WMD, including various hazard classes, operations level personnel

shall identify the general shapes of containers in which the

hazardous materials/WMD are typically found.

A.5.2.1.1 Examples should include all containers, including non-

bulk packaging, bulk packaging, vessels, and facility containers

such as piping, open piles, reactors, and storage bins.

Review from “Awareness Level” Refer to DOT Chart “Haz Mat

Markings” etc.

Students need to understand the difference between Bulk and Non-

Bulk Packaging

Bulk

Packaging, other than a Vessel or barge, in which materials are

loaded with no

intermediate form of containment;

• Greater than 119 Gals. Liquid

• Greater that 882 pounds or 119 gals for a solid

• Greater than 1,001 pounds for Gas

Non- Bulk

Packaging that is smaller than the minimum criteria established for

bulk packaging;

• Drums, Boxes, Carboys and Bags are examples

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NFPA 5.2.1.1

General Shapes of Containers


5.2.1.1* Given three examples each of liquid, gas, and solid

hazardous material

or WMD, including various hazard classes, operations level

personnel shall identify the general shapes of containers in which

the hazardous materials/WMD are typically found.

A.5.2.1.1 Examples should include all containers, including non-

bulk packaging,

bulk packaging, vessels, and facility containers such as piping,

open piles, reactors, and storage bins.

Personnel need to understand that the shape and type of container

will depend on the state of matter that the material is in., ie. Liquids

require closed containers like drums, carboys, Gases require

pressure cylinders


Session HM 2.1.1

Chapter 3





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Bulk Transportation

Tank / Rail CarsNon-Pressure Tank Cars

Pressure Tank Cars

Cryogenic Liquid Tank Cars

Hopper Cars

Box Cars

Special Service Cars

NFPA 4.2.1(6)


4.2.1(6) continued

Bulk Transportation

Tank / Rail Cars

• Non-Pressure Tank Cars

• Pressure Tank Cars

• Cryogenic Liquid Tank Cars

• Hopper Cars

• Box Cars

• Special Service Cars

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Non-Pressure Tank Cars (old)

NFPA 5.2.1.1.1


Non-Pressurized (general service) Tank Car:

With Expansion Dome (Older Cars)

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Non-Pressure Tank Cars

NFPA 5.2.1.1.1



Without Expansion Dome

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TANK HEADHANDBRAKE

WHEEL

COUPLER

PLACARD

HOLDER

SAFETY VALVE

MANWAYFITTINGS

HOUSING

SAFETY

PLATFORM

BOTTOM FITTINGSTRUCK

ASSEMBLY

AIR BRAKE HOSE

SAFETY RAIL

“A” END

“B” END

(B FOR BRAKE)

TANK SHELL

UTLX 00000

REPORTING MARKS

CAR NUMBER

NFPA 5.2.1.1.1




Session HM 2.1.1

Chapter 3





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NFPA 5.2.1.1.1


Example Non-Pressurized (general service) Tank Car:

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NFPA 5.2.1.1.1


Example Non-Pressurized (general service) Tank Car:

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Pressure Tank Cars

NFPA 5.2.1.1.1


Pressurized Tank Car:

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NFPA 5.2.1.1.1


Example Pressurized Tank Car:


Session HM 2.1.1

Chapter 3





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NFPA 5.2.1.1.1


Example Pressurized Tank Car:

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High Pressure Tube Cars

NFPA 5.2.1.1.1


5.2.1.1.1 High-Pressure Tube Car (not required in standard)

● Carries gases such as oxygen, helium, hydrogen, nitrogen in

high-pressure cylinders.

• Flammable/nonflammable gases

• Poison gases

• Pressures range from 3,500 to 5,000 psig

• Capacities will vary for the material that is transported.

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NFPA 5.2.1.1.1

NFPA 5.2.1.1.1

Example High-Pressure Tube Car

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NFPA 5.2.1.1.1


5.2.1.1.1(1) Cryogenic Liquid Tank Car

• Typically contains gases liquefied by refrigeration, such as liquid

hydrogen and nitrogen.

• Pressure within tank is low (25psi); temperature is -130 degrees

Fo or below.

• Tank is generally double walled and insulated.

• Test pressures from 60 to 175 psi.

• Valves and fittings are enclosed in a cabinet at the lower side or

end of the car.

• Includes car classes DOT113, AAR204W, AAR204XT.


Session HM 2.1.1

Chapter 3





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Terms


Example Cryogenic Car

Example Cryogenic Car – Protected inside Box Car

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NFPA 5.2.1.1.1



Note Compressor Boxes, Left side top photo, Rear of Bottom photo

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NFPA 5.2.1.1.1



Note Compressor Boxes,

Left side; top photo – Unprotected Car

Left side; Bottom photo – Close up of “Dog House” and support

strut


Session HM 2.1.1

Chapter 3





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Pneumatically Unloaded

Hopper Cars

NFPA 5.2.1.1.1


5.2.1.1.1 Hopper Car (not required in standard)

● Typically contains dry bulk chemicals such as calcium carbide,

sodium chlorate, ammonium nitrate, lime, other dry chemicals;

also sand, gravel, fertilizers, plastic pellets.

● Hopper cars may be covered or open top.

• Bulk solids

• Hazardous and non-hazardous materials, Sodium

hydroxide, soda ash, polyvinyl chloride pellets, and grain.

• Pressures range from 20 to 80 psig

• Capacities will vary for the material that is transported.

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Pneumatically Unloaded

Hopper Cars

NFPA 5.2.1.1.1


Example Hopper Car

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Box Car

NFPA 5.2.1.1.1


5.2.1.1.1 Box Car (not required in standard)

● Typically contains mixed cargo, which may be packed in bags,

boxes, drums,

tanks, cylinders, liquid bladders, or other containers.

● Check Labels and tags on individual containers to identify their

contents.

● Car class AAR204XT is a box car carrying a cryogenic tank.

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Box Cars

NFPA 4.2.1(6)


4.2.1(6) continued

Box Car

Large Containers, some closed sided, some with open slats

Any assortment of materials may be carried


Session HM 2.1.1

Chapter 3





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NFPA 5.2.1.1.1


5.2.1.1.1(1) Cryogenic Liquid Tank Car

• Typically contains gases liquefied by refrigeration, such as liquid

hydrogen and nitrogen.

• Pressure within tank is low (25psi); temperature is -130 degrees

Fo or below.

• Tank is generally double walled and insulated.

• Test pressures from 60 to 175 psi.

• Valves and fittings are enclosed in a cabinet at the lower side or

end of the car.

• Includes car classes DOT113, AAR204W, AAR204XT.

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NFPA 5.2.1.1.1



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NFPA 5.2.1.1.1



Note Compressor Boxes, Left side top photo, Rear of Bottom photo

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NFPA 5.2.1.1.1



Note Compressor Boxes,

Left side; top photo – Unprotected Car

Left side; Bottom photo – Close up of “Dog House” and support

strut


Session HM 2.1.1

Chapter 3





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1) Non-pressure Intermodal Tank

2) Pressure Intermodal Tank

3) Specialized Intermodal Tank

a) Cryogenic Intermodal Tank

b) Tube Intermodal Modules

Intermodal Tank Containers

NFPA 5.2.1.1.2


5.2.1.1.2

(1) Non-pressure intermodal tanks

• Pressure intermodal tanks

• Specialized intermodal tanks, including the following:

Cryogenic intermodal tanks

Tube modules

Skill Sheet: 5.2.1.1.2

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Non-Pressure Intermodal TankIMO – 101 & 102 Type 1 & 2

NFPA 5.2.1.1.2

5.2.1.1.2(1) Non-Pressure Intermodal Tanks IM-101 and 102 tanks are similar in appearance. Check the

nameplate to see tank type.

IM-101 intermodal tank (or IMO Type 1):

• Transports both hazardous and non-hazardous liquids and

solids. May contain toxic, corrosive, or flammable materials

with flash points The lowest temperature at which a liquid

gives off enough vapor to be ignited at its surface below 32

degrees F.

• Classified as non-pressurized, but can have a working pressure

up to 100 PSIG.

• Capacity ranges from 5,000 to 6,300 gallons.

• Commonest type of intermodal tank container.

• Pressure range from 25.4 to 100 psig

• Hazard classes: 3, 4, 5, 6, 8

• Example:

IM-102 intermodal tank (equivalent to IMO Type 2):

• Transports both hazardous and non-hazardous liquids and

solids. Most likely to contain non-regulated materials such as

food-grade commodities, but may contain alcohols, some

corrosives, pesticides, resins, solvents, and flammable materials

with flash points between 32 and 140 degrees F.

• Classified as non-pressurized, but can have a working pressure

up to 25.4 PSIG.

• Capacity ranges from 5,000 to 6,300 gallons.

• Pressure range from 14.5 to 25.4 psig

• Hazard classes: 3, 6, 8

• Example:


Session HM 2.1.1

Chapter 3





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Non-Pressure Intermodal Tank

NFPA 5.2.1.1.2


Example 5.2.1.1.2(1) Non-Pressure Intermodal Tanks

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NFPA 5.2.1.1.2


Example 5.2.1.1.2(1) Non-Pressure Intermodal Tanks


Session HM 2.1.1

Chapter 3





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Pressure Intermodal Tank

IMO – Spec 51 – Type 5

NFPA 5.2.1.1.2


5.2.1.1.2(2) Pressure Intermodal Tanks Spec 51 (DOT Specification 51, or IMO Type 5):

• Typically contains gases liquefied by pressure, such as LPG

Liquefied petroleum gas and ammonia. Also may contain high

vapor pressure A measure of a substance's

tendency to evaporate; liquids with higher vapor pressures

evaporate faster liquids such as motor fuel antiknock

compounds and Pyrophoric Capable of igniting oncontact with

air at ordinary ambient temperatures liquids such as aluminum

alkyls.

• Classified as pressurized. Working pressure may range from

100 to 500 PSIG.

• A nameplate must be fixed to each end of the tank. It lists DOT

specification number

(Spec 51), manufacturer's name and serial number, capacity,

weight, and design pressure.

• Tank capacity can range from 50 to 5,500 gallons, and tank

dimensions may vary.

• Less common than IM-101 and IM-102 tanks.

• Hazard Classes: 2, 3

• Example: Liquefied petroleum gas, Anhydrous

Ammonia, motor fuel anti knock

compound, and aluminum alkyls

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NFPA 5.2.1.1.2


Example 5.2.1.1.2(2) Pressure Intermodal Tanks

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Example 5.2.1.1.2(2) Pressure Intermodal Tanks


Session HM 2.1.1

Chapter 3





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Cryogenic Intermodal TankIMO – Type 7

NFPA 5.2.1.1.2

Specialized Intermodal TankIdentificationContainers

5.2.1.1.2(3) Specialized Intermodal Tanks

5.2.1.1.2(3)(a) Cryogenic Intermodal Tanks

Cryogenic tank container (or IMO Type 7):

• Transports gases liquefied by refrigeration, such as argon,

oxygen, and helium (these gases are also called cryogenic very

low temperature gases).

• Pressure range 25psig or less

• Hazard classes: 2

• Example: Helium, nitrogen, and oxygen

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Cryogenic Intermodal Tank

NFPA 5.2.1.1.2


5.2.1.1.2(3)(a) Cryogenic Intermodal Tanks

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Tube Modules

NFPA 5.2.1.1.2


5.2.1.1.2(3) Specialized Intermodal Tanks

5.2.1.1.2(3)(b) Tube Modules Tube module:

• Transports gases in high-pressure cylinders tested to 3,000 or

5,000 PSI, such as oxygen, nitrogen, helium, and hydrogen.

• Pressure range from 3,000 or 5,000 psi

• Hazard classes: 2

• Example: Helium, nitrogen, and oxygen


Session HM 2.1.1

Chapter 3





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NFPA 5.2.1.1.2


5.2.1.1.2(3)(b) Tube Modules

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Cargo Tanks

1) Compressed Gas Tube Trailers

2) Corrosive Liquid Tanks

3) Cryogenic Liquid tanks

4) Dry Bulk Cargo Tanks

5) High Pressure Tanks

6) Low Pressure Chemical Tanks

7) Non-Pressure Liquid Tanks

NFPA 5.2.1.1.3


5.2.1.1.3 Given examples of the following cargo tanks, the

operations level

responder shall identify each cargo tank by type, as follows:

• Compressed gas tube trailers

• Corrosive liquid tanks

• Cryogenic liquid tanks

• Dry bulk cargo tanks

• High pressure tanks

• Low pressure chemical tanks

• Non-pressure liquid tanks

• Also called tank trucks

• Used to transport

• Flammable/combustible liquids

• Corrosives

• Flammable/nonflammable compressed gases

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Compressed Gas Tube Trailers

NFPA 5.2.1.1.3


5.2.1.1.3(1) Compressed Gas Tube Trailers Tube trailer (compressed gas trailer):

• Typically carries pressurized gases such as air, helium, and

oxygen, in pressurized tubes.

• Pressure may be up to 5,000 psi.

• Pressures range from 3,000 to 5,000 psi

• Seamless steel cylinders, 9 to 48 inches in diameter,

permanently mounted on a trailer.

• All cylinders contain the same material, independently piped.

• Bulk non-liquefied compressed gases

• Fill and discharge of product are done through a manifold

header, usually located at the rear of trailer.


Session HM 2.1.1

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Standard Tube Trailer

NFPA 5.2.1.1.3

Jumbo Tube Trailer


Example 5.2.1.1.3(1) Compressed Gas Tube Trailers

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Super Jumbo Tube Trailer

NFPA 5.2.1.1.3

Intermodal Tube Trailer


5.2.1.1.3(1) Compressed Gas Tube Trailers

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Corrosive Liquid Cargo Tanks

MC-312/DOT-412

NFPA 5.2.1.1.3


5.2.1.1.3(2) Corrosive Liquid Tanks

Corrosive liquid tank truck (DOT-412/MC-312):

• Typically carries strong corrosives, such as sulfuric or nitric

acid. Typically carries acids, also may carry bases. Sometimes

may carry flammable liquids (e.g., grain alcohol), poison

liquids, or oxidizing liquids. Cannot carry pressurized gases.

• Circular in cross-section, with up to 10 reinforcing rings around

the tank.

• May be very long. Often there is black, tar-like, corrosion-

protective coating around the manhole.

• Carries a single tank, generally with a single compartment,

usually of steel and lined, with capacity up to 7,000 gallons.

• Tank pressures between 35 and 50 psi.

• Small round or horseshoe ends

• Single work platform

• High integrity reinforcement bands

• Tank design pressures range from 35 psi to 50 psi

• Used to transport high density liquids and strong corrosives


Session HM 2.1.1

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MC-312

NFPA 5.2.1.1.3



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DOT-412



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MC-312/DOT-412

NFPA 5.2.1.1.3



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Example 5.2.1.1.3(2) Corrosive Liquid Tanks


Session HM 2.1.1

Chapter 3





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Cryogenic Liquid Cargo Tanks

MC-338

NFPA 5.2.1.1.3


5.2.1.1.3(3) Cryogenic Liquid Tanks Cryogenic liquid tank truck (MC-338):

• Typically carries gases liquefied by refrigeration, such as liquid

oxygen, nitrogen, argon, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen. Product

likely to be corrosive or flammable gas, or poisonous or

oxidizing liquid. Temperature of product -150 degrees F or

below.

• Outer shell surrounds insulated inner tank, with vacuum space

between.

• Large compartment mounted at rear of tank.

• Capacity of inner tank up to 7,000 gallons.

• When sun heats tank and raises internal pressure, vapor may

discharge from relief valves.

Internal pressure up to 25 psi.

• Very high BLEVE potential.

• Tank within a tank

• Tank = inner vessel

• Jacket = outer shell (insulation)

• Design pressure of at least 23.5 psig but not more than 500

psig

• Capacity 5000 to 14,000 gallons

• Ends are "dished“

• Valving found in compartment on the back or on the side

just forward the trailer wheels.

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Cryogenic Liquid Cargo Tanks

MC-338


Example 5.2.1.1.3(3) Cryogenic Liquid Tanks

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Example 5.2.1.1.3(3) Cryogenic Liquid Tanks


Session HM 2.1.1

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Dry Bulk Cargo Tanks

NFPA 5.2.1.1.3


5.2.1.1.3(4) Dry Bulk Cargo Tanks Dry bulk cargo tank truck:

• Typically carries dry bulk cargo such as calcium carbide,

oxidizers, corrosive solids, cement, plastic pellets, or fertilizers.

• Shape can vary but always includes bottom hoppers.

• Also known as hopper trailers

• Pneumatically unloaded transport bulk solids

• One or more cone shaped bins

• Capacities up to 1,500 cu. ft. Fertilizers such as

ammonium nitrate,

cement, dry caustic soda, grains, oxidizers, and plastic

products

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Dry Bulk Cargo TanksIdentificationContainers

Example 5.2.1.1.3(4) Dry Bulk Cargo Tanks

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High Pressure Cargo Tank

MC-331

NFPA 5.2.1.1.3


5.2.1.1.3(5) High Pressure Cargo Tanks High-pressure tank truck (MC-331):

• Typically carries gases liquefied by pressure, such as

anhydrous ammonia, LPG, propane, butane.

• Circular in cross-section, with blunt ends: tank looks like

bullet.

• Hemispherical or ellipsoidal ends or heads

• Surface is smooth; typically painted white or silver to reduce

heating by sunlight.

• Tank can carry up to 11,500 gallons; tank pressure is generally

above 100 psi up to

500 psi.

• Shorter "bobtail" version of MC-311 tank can carry up to 3,500

gallons.

• High BLEVE potential.


Session HM 2.1.1

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High Pressure Cargo TankMC-331


Example 5.2.1.1.3(5) High Pressure Cargo Tanks

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Low-Pressure Chemical Tanks

MC-307/DOT-407

NFPA 5.2.1.1.3


5.2.1.1.3(6) Low Pressure Chemical Tanks Low-pressure chemical tank truck (DOT-407 or MC-307):

• Typically carries flammable or combustible liquids, acids,

caustics, poisonous liquids.

• Maximum capacity is typically up to 6,000 gallons. Pressure

can be up to 40 psi..

• Can be insulated or un-insulated:

• Un-insulated tanks are typically circular in cross-section.

• Typically, there are reinforcing rings around the tank.

Tanks are aluminum or steel.

• Insulated tanks generally carry products that need to be

kept either heated or cooled, or products that need to be

heated to be off-loaded.

• They are characteristically horseshoe-shaped when

viewed from behind.

• They are comprised of an outer jacket, generally

aluminum or steel, and an inner tank that may be lined

(e.g., with fiberglass).

• Round cylindrical or horseshoe shape

• Single work platform

• Internal vapor pressure 18 psi, but not more than

40 psi

• Used to transport: Flammables, Corrosives


Session HM 2.1.1

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MC-307

NFPA 5.2.1.1.3


Example 5.2.1.1.3(6) Low Pressure Chemical Tanks

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DOT-407



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MC-307/DOT-407



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Session HM 2.1.1

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Non-Pressure Liquid Tanks

MC-306/DOT-406

NFPA 5.2.1.1.3


5.2.1.1.3(7) Non Pressure Liquid Tanks Low-pressure flammable liquid tank truck (DOT- 406 or MC-306):

• Typically carries gasoline (UN/NA 1203), diesel fuel (fuel oil),

liquid fuel products, alcohol, and almost any other kind of

flammable or combustible liquids. May sometimes carry

nonflammable liquids (e.g., milk or molasses). May contain

mild corrosives, but not strong corrosives. Cannot contain

pressurized gases.

• Oval in cross-section, with blunt ends.

• Newer tanks are aluminum; older can be steel. Tank is divided

into two to five

compartments (usually three to four);

• In some cases, different products may be in different

compartments (in most states, mixed loads are not permitted).

• Typical maximum capacity: 9,000 gallons. Pressure can't

exceed 3 psi.

• Large oval ends

• Underbelly outlets

• Rollover/spill rail runs entire length

• Maximum allowable working pressure (MAWP) no lower

than 2.65 psig and maximum 3 psig.

• Used to transport:

• Fuel oil

• Gasoline

• Alcohol

• Flammable/combustible liquids

• Liquid food products

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MC-306


Example 5.2.1.1.3(7) Non Pressure Liquid Tanks


Session HM 2.1.1

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DOT-406



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Non-Pressure Liquid TanksMC-306/DOT-406



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Are these Dots Significant?




Dots indicate that Vehicle has been modified.

Baffles inside have been opened so in the event of a rollover and

the vehicle is on its side, material will still flow within

compartment.


Session HM 2.1.1

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Box Trucks

NFPA 5.2.1.1.3


5.2.1.1.3 Box Trailer (mixed cargo): (not required by standard)

• Typically contains mixed cargo, which may be packed in bags,

boxes, drums, tanks, cylinders, or other containers.

• Check labels and tags on individual containers to identify their

contents.

• The presence of several placard holders on the truck indicates it

may commonly carry hazardous materials.

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Storage Tanks

1) Cryogenic Liquid tanks

2) Non-Pressure Tanks

3) Pressure Tanks

NFPA 5.2.1.1.4


5.2.1.1.4 Given examples of the following storage tanks, the

operations level

responder shall identify each tank by type, as follows:

• Cryogenic liquid tank

• Non-pressure tank

• Pressure tank

• Installed locations

• Above ground

• Below ground

• Inside or on top of buildings

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Cryogenic Liquid TankIdentificationContainers

NFPA 5.2.1.1.4

Example 5.2.1.1.4(1) Cryogenic liquid tank

•Typically stores liquid nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, argon,

ethylene, helium or other cryogenic gases.

•Tank is heavily insulated and at low pressure; normally vents

some vapor.

•Working Pressures 25 psig or less

•Hazard Classes: 2

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Non-Pressure Facility TanksIdentificationContainers

5.2.1.1.4(2) Non Pressure Facility Tanks

Non-Pressure facility tanks (atmospheric) - 0 to 1.0 psig

Types

• Cone roof

• Covered top Floating roof

• Covered top floating roof tank with geodesic dome:

• Open top floating roof

• Horizontal cylindrical tank

Hazard Classes: 3, 5, 8, and 9

Examples: Flammable, combustible, and corrosive liquids


Session HM 2.1.1

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Non-Pressure Facility TanksAtmospheric Tanks

Cone Roof

NFPA 5.2.1.1.4


Covered Top Floating Roof


Cone Roof Tank:

• Designed to store liquids of low volatility Readiness to

evaporate.

• Typically stores fuel oils such as diesels and heating oil.

Contents may be flammable Easy to ignite and burns readily;

flammable liquids have flash points below 100 deg F (37.8 deg

C), combustible Can be ignited and

burned; combustible liquids have flash points between 100 -

200 deg F (37.8

- 93.3 deg C), or corrosive Liquid or solid that can destroy

human skin or lung tissue or corrode metals.

• Contents stored at atmospheric pressure (0 to 1 PSIG).

• Tank can be up to 300 feet in diameter and 64 feet high.

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Covered Top Floating Roof

with Geodesic DomeNFPA 5.2.1.1.4

Open Top Floating Roof



Covered Top Floating Roof Tank with Geodesic Dome:

• Typically stores gasoline and other volatile Evaporates readily

flammable liquids.


• An internal roof floats on top of the liquid; an additional domed

roof protects tank contents from the elements.

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Horizontal Cylindrical

NFPA 5.2.1.1.4



Horizontal Cylindrical Tank:

• Used to store liquids of low volatility Readiness to evaporate,

typically fuel oils such as diesel fuel and heating oil.


• Tank typically has dished ends, and can be up to about 12 feet

in diameter and 60 feet long.

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Pressure Tank

Low-Pressure & Pressure Tanks

NFPA 5.2.1.1.4


5.2.1.1.4(5) Pressure Facility Tanks

Low-pressure 0.5 to 15 psig

• Dome roof tank

• Spheroid

• Noded spheroid

Pressure vessels 15 psig and above

• Sphere

• Horizontal, pressure vessel

Hazard Classes: 2, 3

Examples: LPG, methane, propane, chlorine


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Pressure TankLow-Pressure

Dome RoofNFPA 5.2.1.1.4

Hemispheroid



Dome Roof Tank:

• Typically stores flammable Easy to ignite and burns readily;

flammable liquids have flash points below 100 deg F (37.8 deg

C) or combustible Can be ignited and burned; combustible

liquids have flash points between 100 –

200 deg F (37.8 - 93.3 deg C), volatile Evaporates readily

liquids, such as gasoline, liquid fertilizers, and solvents.

• Contents stored at low pressure (0.5 to 15 PSIG).

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Pressure TankPressure Tanks

SphericalNFPA 5.2.1.1.4



High pressure spherical tank:

• Typically stores gases liquefied by pressure, such as LNG

Liquefied natural gas and LPG Liquefied petroleum gas. Also

may contain ammonia, propane, butane, or hydrogen.

• Contents stored at high pressure (above 15 PSIG pounds per

square inch gauge; pressure relative to atmospheric pressure).

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Horizontal – “Bullet”

NFPA 5.2.1.1.4



High Pressure Horizontal Tank (or “Bullet"):

• Typically stores gases liquefied by pressure, such as LNG

(liquefied natural gas), LPG (liquefied petroleum gas), propane,

butane, hydrogen, and ammonia.

• Also may store volatile Evaporates readily flammable liquid.

Will not contain low-volatility liquids.

• Contents stored at high pressure (above 15 PSIG pounds per

square inch gauge; pressure relative to atmospheric pressure).


Session HM 2.1.1

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Noded Spherical



Example 5.2.1.1.4(5) Pressure Facility Tanks

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Non-Bulk Packaging

NFPA 5.2.1.1.5

1) Bags

2) Carboys

3) Cylinders

4) Drums

5) Dewar Flask(Cryogenic Liquids)


5.2.1.1.5 Given examples of the following non-bulk packaging, the

operations

level responder shall identify each package by type, as follows:

• Bags

• Carboys

• Cylinders

• Drums

• Dewar flask (cryogenic liquids)

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Bags – Non-Bulk

NFPA 5.2.1.1.5


5.2.1.1.5(1) Non-Bulk Packaging – Bags

Bags – which can be paper, plastic, or fiber, reinforced or not--are

often used as containers for chemicals and pesticides, as well as

food.

Very large reinforced polypropylene bags, called "supersacks," may

carry hazardous solids.


Session HM 2.1.1

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Carboys – Non-Bulk

NFPA 5.2.1.1.5


5.2.1.1.5(2) Non-Bulk Packaging – Carboys

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NFPA 5.2.1.1.5

CylindersIdentificationContainers

Example 5.2.1.1.5(3) Non-Bulk Packaging – Cylinders

Colors of cylinders don’t mean anything anymore.

Years ago, Bottles were color coded by gas contained

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Drums

NFPA 5.2.1.1.5


5.2.1.1.5(4) Non-Bulk Packaging – Drums

Drums contain a wide variety of solid and un-pressurized liquid

hazardous materials. The construction material of a drum is

a clue to its contents:

• Unlined fiberboard: Dry granular materials (e.g., fertilizer,

sawdust, grain)

• Plastic-lined fiberboard: Wet materials such as foods and

slurries.

• Plastic: corrosive materials (e.g., sodium hydroxide, acids),

combustible materials, some foods

• Steel: Flammable and combustible materials (e.g., alcohols,

fuel oils), mild corrosives, food liquids

• Stainless steel: strong corrosives such as oleum.

• Aluminum: Pesticides; materials that react with steel and

cannot be shipped in plastic containers

• Drums vary from 1 to 95 gallons in capacity; a typical capacity

is 55 gallons.


Session HM 2.1.1

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Dewar Flask (Cryogenic Liquids)

NFPA 5.2.1.1.5


5.2.1.1.5(5) Non-Bulk Packaging – Dewar Flask

Dewar Flask are containers within a container.

Insulating material and the use of a vacuum space keep the

cryogenic material cooled and in a liquid state.

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Cardboard Boxes

NFPA 5.2.1.1.5


5.2.1.1.5 Cardboard Boxes (Not required by standard)

Cardboard boxes can carry hazardous materials such as pesticides

and household products, as well as hazardous liquids packed in

bottles.

Cardboard boxes lined in plastic may carry hazardous liquids.

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Portable Tanks & Bulk Totes

NFPA 5.2.1.1.5


5.2.1.1.5 Portable Tanks and Bulk Totes (Not required by

standard)

May contain flammable, combustible, toxic, or corrosive

liquids, as well

as non-hazardous materials.

• Capacities and dimensions vary. Some portable tanks hold up

to 550 gallons a common tote capacity is 300 gallons.

• Typically transported on flatbed trucks, box trailers, and rail

flatcars.

• May be composed of ABS plastic, steel, aluminum, or other

materials.


Session HM 2.1.1

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Radioactive Material Packages

1) Excepted

2) Industrial

3) Type A

4) Type B

5) Type C

NFPA 5.2.1.1.6


5.2.1.1.6* Given examples of the following radioactive material

packages, the

operations level responder shall identify the characteristics of each

container or

package by type, as follows:

• Excepted

• Industrial

• Type A

• Type B

• Type C

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Excepted

•Designed for Normal Conditions of Transport

•Low Specific Activity (LSA)

•Surface Contaminated Objects (SCO)

•Natural or Depleted Uranium, Natural Thorium

•Empty Packages (49CFR173.421-428)

•Can be most any packaging

•“Excepted” from several labeling / documentation

NFPA 5.2.1.1.6


5.2.1.1.6(1) Radioactive Material Packages – Excepted

A.3.3.43.3 Radioactive Materials Packaging. Excepted packaging is packaging used to transport materials with

extremely low levels of radioactivity that meet only general design

requirements for any hazardous material.

Excepted packaging ranges from a product's fiberboard box to a

sturdy wooden or steel

crate, and typical shipments include limited quantities of materials,

instruments and articles such as smoke detectors.

Excepted packaging will contain non-life endangering amounts of

radioactive material.

Normally Cardboard type container, low dosage, low threat

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Industrial

•Designed for Normal Conditions of Transport

•Drop Test / Stacking Test for Type A

•Very Small Amounts Radioactivity

•Low Specific Activity (LSA)

•Surface Contaminated Objects (SCO)

•Usually metal boxes or drums

NFPA 5.2.1.1.6


5.2.1.1.6(2) Radioactive Material Packages – Industrial

A.3.3.43.3 Radioactive Materials Packaging.

Industrial packaging is packaging used to transport materials that

present limited hazard to the public and environment.

Examples of these materials are contaminated equipment and

radioactive waste solidified in materials such as concrete.

This packaging is grouped into three categories (IP-I, IP-2, IP-3),

based on the strength of packaging.

Industrial packaging will contain non-life-endangering amounts of



Session HM 2.1.1

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Type A

•Designed for Normal Transportation

•Minor Accidents

•Certified as Type A; Basis of Performance / Test

•Limited Quantities Radioactivity Active Material (RAM)

that would not result in significant health effects if released

•May be cardboard boxes, wooden crates or drums

•Shipper & Carrier must have Documentation of the

Certification of the packages being transported

NFPA 5.2.1.1.6


5.2.1.1.6(3) Radioactive Material Packages – Type A

A.3.3.43.3 Radioactive Materials Packaging. Type A packaging is used to transport radioactive materials with

concentrations of radioactivity not exceeding the limits established

in 49, CFR, Part 173.431.

Typically, Type A packaging has an inner containment vessel made

of glass, plastic, or metal and packing material made of

polyethylene, rubber, or vermiculite.

Examples of materials shipped in Type A packaging include

radiopharmaceuticals and low-level radioactive waste.

Type A packaging will contain non-life-endangering amounts of


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Type B

•Must be able to survive Severe Accidents

•Large Quantities Radioactivity Active Material

•May be metal drum or huge massive shielded transport

container.

•Severe Accident performance standards, more rigorous than

Type A.

•Certificate of Compliance (COC) by the NRC ..or Certificate of

Competent Authority (COCA) by the DOT

NFPA 5.2.1.1.6


5.2.1.1.6(4) Radioactive Material Packages – Type B


Type B packaging is used to transport radioactive materials with

radioactivity levels higher than those allowed in Type A packaging,

such as spent fuel and high-level radioactive waste.

Limits on activity contained in a Type B packaging are provided in

Title 49, CFR 173.431.

Type B packaging ranges from small drums [208 L (55 gal)], to

heavily shielded steel casks that sometimes weigh more than 100

metric tons (98 tons).

Type B packaging can contain potentially life-endangering amounts

of radioactive material.

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Type C

•Designed to Transport High Activity Materials and Spent

Nuclear Fuel (SNF) by air.

•IAEA (International Association of Atomic Energy) has

established standards for Type C casks .

•More stringent requirements than Type B

No successful casks have been designed, built

or tested to date, not authorized for domestic use but are for

international use.

NFPA 5.2.1.1.6


5.2.1.1.6(5) Radioactive Material Packages – Type C


Type C packaging is used for consignments, transported by aircraft,

of high-activity radioactive\materials that have not been certified as

“low dispersible radioactive material” (including plutonium). They

are designed to withstand severe accident conditions associated

with air transport without loss of containment or significant

increase in external radiation levels. The Type C packaging

performance requirements are significantly more stringent than

those for Type B packaging. Type C packaging is not authorized

for domestic use but can be authorized for international shipments

of these high-activity radioactive material consignments.

Taken from Document written for Oak Ridge National

laboratory

ABSTRACT

Sometimes the only feasible means of shipping research reactor

spent nuclear fuel (SNF) among countries is via air transport

because of location or political conditions. The International


Session HM 2.1.1

Chapter 3





Atomic

Energy Agency (IAEA) has established a regulatory framework to

certify air transport Type C casks. However, no such cask has been

designed, built, tested, and certified. In lieu of an air transport cask,

SNF has been transported using a Type B cask under an exemption

with special arrangements for administrative and security controls.

This work indicates that it may be feasible to transport commercial

SNF assemblies via air, and that the cost is only about three times

that of shipping it by railway. Optimization (i.e., reduction) of this

cost factor has yet to be done.

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Markings that Differentiate One

Container from Another

NFPA 5.2.1.2

NFPA Standard 704(Fixed Facility)

DOT Placards/Labels(Transportation and Shipping)

Labeling(Storage Areas at Fixed Facility)

Pre-Incident Planning Documents(Storage Areas at Fixed Facility)

IdentificationMarkings

5.2.1.2 Given examples of containers, the operations level

responder shall identify the markings that differentiate one

container from another.

Fixed facilities will have different makings than that of

Transportation.

Labeling (various HMIS) or possibly the 704 were required (local

requirements)

Fixed Facilities should also be identified on Pre-Incident Plans

It is important that Responders know the difference and types of

marking systems.

Pre-Incident Planning is vital to maintain awareness of Hazardous

Materials storage and

use which will assist with identifying the needs and requirements in

the event of an

Emergency.

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Vehicle or Tank

Identification Marking

Highway Transport VehiclesIncluding Cargo Tanks

Intermodal EquipmentIncluding Tank Containers

Rail Transport VehiclesIncluding Tank Cars

NFPA 5.2.1.2.1


5.2.1.2.1 Given examples of the following marked transport

vehicles and their corresponding shipping papers, the

operations level responder shall identify the

following vehicle or tank identification marking:

• Highway transport vehicles, including cargo tanks

• Intermodal equipment, including tank containers

• Rail transport vehicles, including tank cars

The identification marking on each transport vehicle is included on

the shipping papers.

This system allows the responders to ensure that the shipping

papers and vehicles match.

The I.D. number also provides a way to contact the shipper for


Session HM 2.1.1

Chapter 3





information about a specific vehicle.

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Highway Transport VehicleIncluding Cargo Tank

NFPA 5.2.1.2.1.(1)


5.2.1.2.1(1) Highway transport vehicles including cargo tanks

• Shipping Papers; also called “Bill of Lading”

• Company Names and Logo’s

• Metal certification plate with serial number

• Shipper’s identification number (trailer number)

• Placards

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Intermodal EquipmentIncluding Tank Containers

NFPA 5.2.1.2.1.(2)


5.2.1.2.1(2) Intermodal equipment including tank containers

• Shipping Papers

• Metal certification plate with serial number

• Shipper’s identification number

• Placards or labels

Reporting marks and the tank number on intermodal portable tanks

are registered with the International Container Bureau in

France.

Other markings include DOT exemption markings, Association of

American Railroad (AAR) 600 marking for interchange

purposes, the permanently attached data plate and the size, type

and country codes.


Session HM 2.1.1

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NFPA 5.2.1.2.1.(3)


5.2.1.2.1(2) Intermodal equipment including tank containers

• Name of Shipper

• Intermodal Tank Identification Number

• Placard

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Rail Transport VehicleIncluding Tank Cars

NFPA 5.2.1.2.1.(3)


5.2.1.2.1(3) Rail Transport Vehicles including tank cars

Rail cars

• Train “Consist”

• Standard Transportation Commodity Code – “STCC” or “Stick

Number” starting with a 48 or 49

• Names and numbers used to identify the shipper and contents

of the car (i.e. GATX 7759) are

usually on all four sides

• Placards will be on all rail cars carrying hazardous materials

Box cars, hopper cars, and flat cars

• Owned by the individual railroad and are marked on both sides

and ends with serial numbers

Tank cars

• Leased or owned by the shipper

• Three letter abbreviation for the owner, followed by an "X" and

numbers

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DOT Tank car specification markings; These markings, on both sides of the car, identify the class of tank

car, which tells you what it could be carrying.

Decoding a specification marking: The first sequence of numbers (111 in the example on slide) tells

you the car's class: non-pressure, pressure, high pressure, or

cryogenic.


Session HM 2.1.1

Chapter 3





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NFPA 5.2.1.2.1.(3)



• DOT Identification Code Number

• Railroad Car Identification Number

• Product Name

• Shipper Name

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NFPA 5.2.1.2.1.(3)



Reporting marks;

Each rail car is identified by a unique reporting mark:

A combination of letters followed by numbers that is stenciled on

both sides and both ends of the car.

The sequence of letters identifies the railroad or company that owns

the car, and the sequence of numbers identifies the car.

As you face the side of the car, the reporting mark is to your left.

You can call a car's reporting marks into CHEMTREC (800) 424-

9300) to identify the car's owner and, eventually, its contents.

DOT Tank car specification markings;

These markings, on both sides of the car, identify the class of tank

car, which tells you

What it could be carrying.

Decoding a specification marking: The first sequence of numbers (111 in the example on slide) tells

you the car's class: non-pressure, pressure, high pressure, or

cryogenic.

Note: Numbers on this tank appear to be on the top, this will assist

in case of a derailment where train is rolled over

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Markings

• Container Size

• Product Contained

• Site Identification Numbers

NFPA 5.2.1.2.2

5.2.1.2.2 Given examples of facility containers, the operations level

responder shall identify the markings indicating container size,

product contained, and/or site identification numbers.

• Product name on tank

• NFPA 704 Marking System (fixed facilities)

• Tank identification number / site identification numbers

• These should refer and be consistent with the Site Pre-Plan

or

• Emergency operations plan


Session HM 2.1.1

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5.2.1.2.2 Markings continued

• Data or Nomenclature Plate

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5.2.1.2.2 Markings continued

Horizontal Cylinder

• NFPA 704

• Tank Identification Number

Spherical tank

• Tank Identification Number

• Shape

• Site Plan

• Local Emergency Response Plan (LERP)

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Identifying Name(s) of the

Hazardous Material(s)

Pipeline

Pesticide Label

Radioactive Material

NFPA 5.2.1.3

IdentificationNames

5.2.1.3 Given examples of hazardous materials incidents, the

operations level responder shall identify the name(s) of the

hazardous material(s) in 5.2.1.3.1 through 5.2.1.3.3.

• Pipeline

• Pesticide Label

• Radioactive Material

• State and federal legislation on hazard communication, right-to-

know, and mandatory local notification on hazard.

• OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1200 Hazard Communications

• Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) Title

III – Tier II reporting


Session HM 2.1.1

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Pipeline Marker

NFPA 5.2.1.3.1

IdentificationNames

Metal sign placed adjacent to a pipeline

right of way.

Must Contain Following Information:

Product and Signal Word ”Warning”

Ownership

Emergency Telephone Number

5.2.1.3.1 The operations level responder shall identify the

following information on a pipeline marker:

(1) Emergency telephone number

(2) Owner

• Product

• The term “Product” refers to the product class.

• It should be noted that the markers do not always mark exactly

the location of piping,

• Piping does not always go in a straight line between markers.

• Look for Markers at Street or Railroad IntersectionsNOTE:

Ask Students what Owner, Phone numbers and Product

NOTE: Ask Students what Owner, Phone numbers and Product

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Pesticide Label

1) Active Ingredient

2) Hazard Statement

3) Name of Pesticide

4) EPA Registration Number(United States)

5) Pest Control Product (PCP) Number(Canada)

6) Precautionary Statement

7) Signal WordNFPA 5.2.1.3.2

5.2.1.3.2 Given a pesticide label, the operations level responder

shall identify each of the

following pieces of information, then match the piece of

information to its significance in

surveying hazardous materials incidents:

• Active ingredient

• Hazard statement

• Name of pesticide

• Pest control product (PCP) number (in Canada)

• EPA Registration Number in the United States

• Precautionary statement

• Signal word

Classified according to their primary or specific control purpose;

Insecticides; a chemical that kills bugs

Fungicides; an agent that destroys fungi or inhibits their growth

Herbicides; an agent used to destroy or inhibit plant growth

Nematocides; a substance or preparation used to destroy

nematodes.

Nematode: any of a phylum (Nematoda or Nemata) of

elongated cylindrical worms

parasitic in animals or plants or free-living in soil or water –

called also roundworm

Rodenticides; an agent that kills, repels, or controls rodents



Session HM 2.1.1

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Pesticide Label

EPA Registration & Establishment Number

NFPA 5.2.1.3.2

Example

5.2.1.3.2 Pesticide continued

EPA Registration Number:

The EPA registration number indicates which company holds the

registration for the pesticide product, and in which sequence the

product was submitted to the EPA by the company. Before a

pesticide product is registered under the Federal Insecticide,

Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), it is assigned an EPA

file symbol which is comprised of the company number

followed by a series of letters representing the potential product

number. Product numbers are assigned sequentially to each

company.

The letters are used to indicate that the product is not registered.

The letters come from the word,

“REGULATION.” Each letter represents a number starting with “1

(one),” and ending in “0 (zero).”

Accordingly, R=1, E=2, G=3, U=4, L=5, A=6, T=7, I=8, O=9, and

N=0. Therefore, if 6767-EGN were registered, it would become

EPA Registration Number 6767-230. “6767” is the number

identifying the company holding the registration and “230” is

the number identifying that specific product. EPA has no

Required location for companies to place their registration number

on the label, but it is usually found

On the front or back panel of the product label, and near the

company's name and address.

EPA Registration Number:

The establishment number indicates the final establishment at

which the product was produced. A facility that produces

pesticides must have a company number before an EPA

establishment number is assigned. This number is often

grouped together with the EPA registration number, but that is

not a requirement. State abbreviations, such as FL, MS, or NC,

will appear after the company number. The example shown in

Figure 1 contains “MO,” indicating that the product was

manufactured in Missouri.


Session HM 2.1.1

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Pesticide Label•Active Ingredient

•Each ingredient identified by name and %

•Inert ingredients may also be listed, but only by %

•Hazard Statement•Product poses an environment hazard

•Advises against contaminating water supplies

•Name of Pesticide•Manufacture’s name for the pesticide

•Precautionary Statement

•“Keep Out of Reach of Children”

•“Restricted Use Pesticide”

•“Hazard to Humans / Domestic Animals”

•Signal Word•Indicates relative hazard of product

•Category 1: Poison Danger – (always together)

•Category 2: Warning – will make you sick

•Category 3: Caution – might make you sick

Categories found in NFPA Fire & Hazardous Materials HandbooksNFPA 5.2.1.3.2

5.2.1.3.2 Given a pesticide label, the operations level responder

shall identify each of the

following pieces of information, then match the piece of

information to its significance in

surveying hazardous materials incidents:

• Active ingredient

• Hazard statement

• Name of pesticide

• Pest control product (PCP) number (in Canada)

• EPA Registration Number in the United States

• Precautionary statement

• Signal word

Classified according to their primary or specific control purpose;

Insecticides; a chemical that kills bugs

Fungicides; an agent that destroys fungi or inhibits their growth

Herbicides; an agent used to destroy or inhibit plant growth

Nematocides; a substance or preparation used to destroy

nematodes.

Nematode: any of a phylum (Nematoda or Nemata) of

elongated cylindrical worms

parasitic in animals or plants or free-living in soil or water –

called also roundworm

Rodenticides; an agent that kills, repels, or controls rodents


Active Ingredient

• Active ingredients ‑ MUST be listed by chemical name and

percentage

• Inert ingredients‑ usually are not named but shown only as

percentage

Hazard Statement

• Physical and chemical hazards

• On side panel

• Lists any special flammability, explosion, or chemical hazards

Name of Pesticide

• Complete product name

• Correct spelling

• Ensures positive identification

Precautionary statement

• "Keep Out of Reach of Children“

• "Restricted Use Pesticide“

• “Hazard to Humans / Domestic Animals”

Signal word – Indicates relative hazard of product

• Category 1: Poison/Danger – (always together)

• Category 2: Warning – will make you sick

• Category 3: Caution – might make you sick

Categories found in NFPA Fire (table 8.11.2) & Hazardous

Materials


Session HM 2.1.1

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Handbooks (table I.5.2 EPA Toxicity)

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5.2.1.3.2 Pesticide continued

Example of Pesticide label with information required

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Radioactive Material

Category of LabelFissile Classes

Contents

Activity

Transport Index

Criticality Safety Index

NFPA 5.2.1.3.3

Determination for Label of

Categories based on

measurements taken at “1

Meter” from the surface of

the package

Known as 1 Meter Rule

5.2.1.3.3 Given a label for a radioactive material, the operations

level responder shall identify the type or category of label,

contents, activity, transport index, and criticality safety index as

applicable.

Label: Identified by red bars for I, II or III to identify category

Contents: Space for what the material is in the package

Activity: The radioactivity level of the contents in the package

Transport Index: On Category II and III

Criticality Safety Index: • Assist the shipper determine how many fissile packages can be

grouped together

• Criticality Safety Index (CSI) means the dimensionless number

(rounded up to the

next tenth) assigned to and placed on the label of a fissile

material package, to

designate the degree of control of accumulation of packages

containing fissile

material during transportation.

Labels for radioactive material are the only ones which require the

shipper to write some information on the label. The

information is a number called the transportation Index (TI)

which is the highest radiation level at 1 meter from the surface of


Session HM 2.1.1

Chapter 3





the package

The three labels are commonly called; White 1, Yellow 2 and

Yellow 3, referring to the color of the label and the roman

numeral prominently displayed. A specific label is required if

the

surface radiation limit and the limit at 1 meter satisfy the following

requirements:

Label Surface Radiation Level Radiation Level at 1 meter

White 1 Does not exceed 0.5 millirem/hour Not Applicable

Yellow 2 Does not exceed 50 millirems/hour and Does not exceed 1

millirem/hour

Yellow 3 Exceeds 50 millirems/hour or Exceeds 1 millirem/hour

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NFPA 5.2.1.3.3

5.2.1.3.3 Radioactive Materials Continued

Labels break down Radioactive into three categories

• Radioactive White-I

• Almost no radiation

• 0.5 mR/hr maximum on surface

• No use of “Transport Index”

• Radioactive Yellow-II

• Low radiation levels

• 50 mR/hr maximum on surface

• 1 mR/hr maximum at one meter

• Transport Index Required

• Radioactive Yellow-III

• Higher radiation levels

• 200 mR/hr maximum on surface

• 10 mR/hr maximum at one meter

• Also required for fissile class-III or large quantity

shipments, regardless

of radiation level

• Transport Index Required

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The DOT has classified

Hazardous Materials according to their

Primary Danger (Worst)

and assigned standardized

UN Hazard Class Numbers

And

Symbols

to identify the classes.

NFPA 4.2.1(2)

IdentificationUN / DOT Hazard Classes and Divisions

4.2.1(2)


Session HM 2.1.1

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1 - Every Explosives

2 - Good Gases

3 - Fire Flammable Liquids

4 - Fighter Flammable Solids

5 - Often Oxidizers

6 - Performs Poisons

7 - Routine Radioactive

8 - Care and Corrosive

9 - Maintenance Miscellaneous

NFPA 4.2.1(2)


Classification Numbers

4.2.1(2)

Mnemonic to help remember the UN classes

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Bursting Ball or Numerical (beginning with 1)

Cylinder

Open Flame

Flaming “O”

Skull and Crossbones

Biological Rings

Trefoil (propeller)

Test Tubes dripping on Hand, Steel Bar

NFPA 4.2.1(2)


Symbols

4.2.1(2)

Symbols used to Identify Classes on Placards

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Materials are grouped by their major

hazardous characteristic and many

materials will have other hazards as well.

Example:

A material may be poisonous,

corrosive, and flammable but will only be

grouped with whichever is considered the

WORST hazard and identified by the

UN Number

NFPA 4.2.1(2)


4.2.1(2)


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Analyze the IncidentDetecting the Presence of Hazardous Materials / WMD

Transportation Markings

NFPA 704

Special hazard

communication

markings for each

hazard class

Pipeline Marking

Container Markings

Military Markings

Identify facility and transportation

markings and colors that indicate

hazardous materials.

NFPA 4.2.1(7)

4.2.1(7) Identify facility and transportation markings and colors

that indicate

hazardous materials/WMD, including the following:

• Transportation markings, including UN/NA identification

number marks, marine pollutant mark, elevated temperature

(HOT) mark, commodity marking, and inhalation hazard mark

• NFPA 704, Standard System for the Identification of the

Hazards of Materials for Emergency Response, markings

• Military hazardous materials/WMD markings

• Special hazard communication markings for each hazard class

• Pipeline markings

• Container markings

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Transportation Markings (placards)

United Nations Class numbers

• bottom of placard

Four digit ID numbers• on placard

• orange panel

Symbols and colors

Name of material

NFPA 4.2.1(7)(a)

4.2.1(7)(a) Transportation markings, including UN/NA

identification number

marks, marine pollutant mark, elevated temperature (HOT) mark,

commodity

marking, and inhalation hazard mark

• Transportation Markings

• United Nations class numbers (bottom of placard)

• Four digit identification numbers on placard or orange

panel

• Marine pollution mark

• Elevated temperature (HOT) mark

• Name of the material

• Inhalation hazard mark

• Symbols and colors

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Transportation

markings (placards)

Marine Pollution

marking

Elevated Material

marking (HOT)

Inhalation marking

NFPA 4.2.1(7)(a)

4.2.1(7)(a)

• Transportation Markings

• United Nations class numbers (bottom of placard)

• Four digit identification numbers on placard or orange

panel

• Marine pollution mark

• Elevated temperature (HOT) mark

• Name of the material

• Inhalation hazard mark

• Symbols and colors


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Materials that present a mass

detonation hazard

Military Hazardous Materials Markings

NFPA 4.2.1(7)(c)

Materials that present an

explosion with fragmentation

hazard

Materials with a mass fire

hazard

Materials that present a

moderate fire hazard

IdentificationMilitary Markings

Class 1, Division 1 Class 1, Division 2

Class 1, Division 3 Class 1, Division 4

EXPLOSIVES

4.2.1(7)(c) Military hazardous materials/WMD markings A.4.2.1(7)(c) The responder should understand the standard

military fire hazard

and chemical hazard markings.

4.2.1(7)(c) Explosives

Class 1, Division 1 Materials that present a mass detonation hazard.

Note: “STOP” sign design

Class 1, Division 2 Materials that present an explosion with fragmentation hazard.

Note: Design looks like pieces (fragments) flying in all directions

Class 1, Division 3 Materials with a mass fire hazard

Note: Design shaped like “Fire Triangle”

Class 1, Division 4 Materials that present a moderate fire hazard.

Note: Design is normal “Diamond” shape like civilian “Placards”

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Highly Toxic Harassing Agents White Phosphorus

Munitions

NFPA 4.2.1(7)(c)

Apply No Water Wear Protective Breathing

Apparatus

Chemical Hazards

Special Warnings


4.2.1(7)(c) Chemical Hazards

• Highly Toxic

• Harassing Agents

• White Phosphorus Munitions

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Mustard AgentNerve Agent VX Nerve Agent

NFPA 4.2.1(7)(c)



Special Warnings

4.2.1(7)(c) Special Warnings

• Nerve Agent – G means of German origin

• VX Nerve Agent – VX indicating V like Venom, X Like

Poison

• H for Mustard – German word “Heiß” meaning Hot


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NFPA 4.2.1(7)(d)

IdentificationSpecial Hazard Markings

Special Hazard Communication Markings

4.2.1(7)(d) Special hazard communication markings for each

hazard class

• PCB Labels, still found in electrical transformers

• HMIS Marking System, many variations for marking system

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Markings on a container will provide

some indication as to the type of product.

Container Markings

NFPA 4.2.1(7)(f)

IdentificationSpecial Hazard Markings

Special Hazard Communication Markings

4.2.1(7)(f) Container markings

Examples but not limited to. Simple signs or words would indicate Hazardous Materials –

Examples below

• Bio Hazard Sign

• Gasoline, known flammable liquid

• “Danger” with Skull and Crossbones & Corrosive sign,

whatever it is, it’s BAD

• “Trefoil” indicates Radioactive Material or warning

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Hazardous Materials Awareness and OperationsNFPA 4.2.1(7)(b)

N.F.P.A. 704

IdentificationNFPA 704

4.2.1(7)(b) NFPA 704, Standard System for the Identification of

the Hazards

of Materials for Emergency Response, markings

Will be gone over in more depth in following slides

Blue – Health

Red – Flammability

Yellow – Reactivity

White – Special Warnings


Session HM 2.1.1

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Blue = Health

Red = Flammability

Yellow = Reactivity

White = Special

NFPA 4.2.1(8)


N.F.P.A. 704

NFPA 704, Standard System for the Identification of the Hazards

of Materials for Emergency Response, markings 4.2.1(8) Given an NFPA 704 marking, describe the significance of

the colors, numbers, and special symbols.

• NFPA 704 – Suggested method for the identification of

hazardous materials.

• Scale of 0‑4, 4 being the worst possible hazard

• Used for facilities only if mandated by local ordinances

• Colors and their meanings

• Health: (Blue)

• Flammability: (Red)

• Reactivity: (Yellow)

• Special: (White) ‑ Special Information

• Oxidizer (oxidizing ability)

• Avoid use of water

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NFPA 4.2.1(8)

4.2.1(8) NFPA 704 – Explanation Guide – Example

Commonly found on dash in cabs of First Responder Vehicles

Slide 138


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NFPA 4.2.1(8)

4.2.1(8) NFPA 704 – Explanation Guide – Example

Commonly found on dash in cabs of First Responder Vehicles

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Identify U.S. and Canadian placards

and labels that indicate hazardous

materials / WMD

Identified in Annex J of the NFPA 472 - 2008

NFPA 4.2.1(9)

IdentificationPlacards & Labels

4.2.1(9) Identify U.S. and Canadian placards and labels that

indicate hazardous materials/WMD.

J.1 – General The definitions of UN/DOT hazard classes and

divisions

(49CFR 170-180) are as follows.

Note: Long session; Individual Placards and explanations ahead


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• Major Hazard: Explosion– Any substance or article, including a device, that is

designed to function by explosion (i.e...... an extremely rapid release of gas and heat) or that, by chemical reaction with itself, is able to function by explosion.

Divided into 6 divisions

Class 1: Explosives

NFPA 4.2.1(9)


Explosives Placards / Labels Explosive placard / Label

Orange Background

Bursting Ball 1.1 to 1.3 or

Numerals 1.4 to 1.6

“Explosives” 1.1 – 1.4, 1.6

“Blasting Agent” – 1.5

4.2.1(9) U.S. and Canadian placards and labels

J.2 Class 1 Explosives. An explosive is any substance or article, including a device, that is

designed to function by explosion (i.e., an extremely rapid release

of gas and heat) or that, by chemical reaction within itself, is able to

function in a similar manner even if not designed to function by

explosion. Explosives in Class 1 are divided into six divisions.

Each division has a letter designation.

Explosive;

Placard – Orange, bursting ball with the word(s);

“Explosives” or “Blasting Agents”- (1.5)

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Explosives Class 1.1 Mass explosion that affects almost the

entire load

Examples:

Black powder, dynamite, T-N-T

Compatibility Group IdentificationShould Not Influence Responders

NFPA 4.2.1(9)


Explosives Class 1.2 Projection hazard but not a mass explosion

hazard

Examples:

Aerial Flares, detonation cord, and power device

cartridges


J.2.1 – Explosive; Division 1.1.

Division 1.1 consists of explosives that have a mass explosion

hazard.

A mass explosion is one that affects almost the entire load

instantaneously.

Examples of Division 1.1 explosives include black powder

trinitrotoluene, dynamite, and trinitrofoluene (TNT).

Compatibility Group Identification Letter

Alphabetical letter categorizes types of explosive substances and

articles for purposes of stowage and segregation

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Explosives Class 1.3 Fire hazard and either a minor blast or minor

projection hazard

Examples: Liquid-fueled rocket motors,

propellant explosives

NFPA 4.2.1(9)


Presents a minor explosion hazard

Examples: Practice ammunition, signal

cartridges, line throwing rockets

Explosives Class 1.4


J.2.3 – Explosive; Division 1.3. Division 1.3 consists of explosives that have a fire hazard and a

minor blast hazard, a minor projection hazard, or both, but not a

mass explosion hazard.

Examples of Division 1.3 explosives include liquid-fueled rocket

motors and propellant explosives.

J.2.4 – Explosive; Division 1.4. Division 1.4 consists of explosive devices that present a minor

explosion hazard.

No device in the division can contain more than 0.9 oz (25 g) of a

detonating material. The explosive effects are largely confined to

the package, and no projection of fragments of appreciable size or

range are expected. An external fire must not cause virtually

instantaneous explosion of almost the entire contents of the

package.

Examples of Division 1.4 explosives include line-throwing rockets,

practice ammunition, and signal cartridges.


Session HM 2.1.1

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Explosives Class 1.5 Very insensitive explosives with mass explosion

hazard

Examples: Prilled ammonium nitrate fertilizer - fuel oil mixtures,

(blasting agents)

NFPA 4.2.1(9)


Explosives Class 1.6 Extremely insensitive explosives

Examples:

Explosive squib devices


J.2.5 – Explosive; Division 1.5. Division 1.5 consists of very insensitive explosives. This division

comprises substances that have a mass explosion hazard but are so

insensitive that there is very little probability of initiation or of

transition from burning to detonation under normal conditions of

transport.

Examples of Division 1.5 explosives include pilled ammonium

nitrate fertilizer fuel oil mixtures (blasting agents).

J.2.6 – Explosive; Division 1.6. Division 1.6 consists of extremely insensitive articles that do not

have a mass explosive hazard. This division comprises articles that

contain only extremely insensitive detonating substances and that

demonstrate a negligible probability of accidental initiation or

propagation.

Example of Division 1.6 explosive include Explosive squib devices

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Major Hazard: BLEVE

Sub Hazards Flammable

Oxidizer

Poisonous

Nonflammable


Class 2: Compressed Gases

NFPA 4.2.1(9)



J.3 Class 2 – Compressed Gases Class 2 (Compressed gas)

Major Hazards: BLEVE (Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor

Explosion)

Sub‑hazards: Flammable, oxidizer, poisonous, and nonflammable

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Compressed Gas Class 2.1 Flammable Gases


A material that is a gas at 68º F or less at 14.7

psi or has a boiling point of 68º degrees or less at

14.7 psi.

Ignitable at 14.7 psi in a mixture of 13% or less

by volume with air. Has a flammable range of at

least 12% regardless of the lower limit.

Examples:

Inhibited (stabilized) butadienes,

methyl chloride, propane

Flammable Gas Placard / label

Red Background

White Flame

Compressed Gases Flammable = Red background, white flame


Session HM 2.1.1

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Compressed Gas Placard / Label

Non-Flammable Gas Placard / Label Green Background

White Cylinder

NFPA 4.2.1(9)



Oxidizer Placard / Label Yellow Background

Black Flaming letter “O”

“Oxygen”

Compressed Gas Class 2.2 - Non-Flammable / Non-Poisonous Gases


Compressed Gases

Non‑Flammable = Green background, white cylinder

Compressed Gases Oxidizer = Yellow background, flaming “O”

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Compressed Gas Class 2.2

Non-Flammable / Non-Poisonous Gases

Any material or mixture that exerts

absolute pressure of 41 psia at 68º

Compressed gases including:

liquefied gas

pressurized cryogenic gas

compressed gas in solution

Examples:

Anhydrous ammonia, cryogenic argon,

carbon dioxide, compressed nitrogen

NFPA 4.2.1(9)



J.3.2 – Compressed Gases; Division 2.2. Division 2.2 (nonflammable, nonpoisonous compressed gas,

including compressed gas, liquefied gas, pressurized cryogenic gas,

and compressed gas in solution, asphyxiant gas, and oxidizing gas)

consists of materials (or mixtures) that exert in the packaging an

absolute pressure of 41 psi (280 kPa) at 68°F (20°C). A cryogenic

liquid is a refrigerated liquefied gas having a boiling point colder

than –130°F (–90°C) at 14.7 psi (101.3 kPa).

Examples of Division 2.2 gases include anhydrous ammonia,

cryogenic argon, carbon dioxide, and compressed nitrogen.

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Poison Gas Placard / Label White Background

Black Skull & Crossbones

“Toxic Gas”

White Skull & Crossbones on Black Diamond

“Inhalation Hazard”

Or 4 Digit Number

NFPA 4.2.1(9)

Compressed Gas Class 2.3 - Poisonous Gas



Compressed Gases Poison Gas = White background, skull & crossbones


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Compressed Gas Class 2.3

Poisonous Gas

Vaporizes easily

Very dangerous to life even in small amounts.

Known to be so toxic to humans as to pose a hazard to

health during transportation.

Presumed to be toxic because

of laboratory testing.

Examples:

Anhydrous hydrogen fluoride,

arsine chlorine and methyl bromide

NFPA 4.2.1(9)



J.3.3 – Compressed Gases; Division 2.3. Division 2.3 (gas poisonous by inhalation) consists of materials that

are a gas at 68°F (20°C) or less and a pressure of 14.7 psi, or 1

atm (101.3 kPa), have a boiling point of 68°F (20°C) or less at

14.7 psi (101.3 kPa), and have the following properties:

• Are known to be so toxic to humans as to pose a hazard to

health during transportation

• In the absence of adequate data on human toxicity, are

presumed to be toxic to humans because, when tested on

laboratory animals, they have an LC50 value of not more than

5000 ppm.

Examples of Division 2.3 gases include anhydrous hydrogen

fluoride, arsine, chlorine, and methyl bromide.

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Concentration of a material

Expressed as parts per million (PPM)

Kills half of the lab animals in a given length of time.

Significant in determining the toxicity of a material;

the lower the value, the more toxic the substance.

LC-50 - Lethal Concentration, 50%

NFPA 4.2.1(9)


Division 2.3 Hazard Zones Hazard Zone A

LC 50 < or = 200 PPM

Hazard Zone B

LC50 >200 PPM < 1000 PPM

Hazard Zone C

LC 50 >1000 PPM < 3000 PPM

Hazard Zone B

LC50 > 3000 PPM < or = 5000 PPM

Compressed Gas Class 2.3 - Poisonous Gas

Definition of LC-50

An LC50 value is the concentration of a material in air that will kill

50% of the test subjects (animals, typically mice or rats) when

administered as a single exposure (typically 1 or 4 hours). Also

called the median lethal concentration and lethal concentration

50, this value gives you an idea of the relative acute toxicity of

an inhalable material.

J.3.3 – Compressed Gases; Division 2.3. Hazard zones associated with Division 2.3 materials are the

following:

• Hazard zone A – LC50 less than or equal to 200 ppm

• Hazard zone B – LC50 greater than 200 ppm and less than or

equal to 1000 ppm

• Hazard zone C – LC50 greater than 1000 ppm and less than or

equal to 3000 ppm

• Hazard zone D – LC50 greater than 3000 ppm and less than or

equal to 5000 ppm


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Major Hazard: Burns readily

Definition of Flammable Liquid Any liquid having a flash point (FP) of

not more than 141 degrees F.

Class 3: Flammable / Combustible Liquids

NFPA 4.2.1(9)


Flammable Liquid Three Divisions

3.1 - FP < 0 degrees F

3.2 - FP 0 to < 73 degrees F

3.3 - FP 73 to < 141 degrees F

Examples:Acetone, amyl acetate, gasoline,

methyl alcohol, and toluene


J.4 Class 3 – Flammable / Combustible Liquids. • Major Hazard: Burns readily

• Definition - (flammable liquid) any liquid having a flash point

of not more than 60.5°C (141° F).

J.4 Class 3 — Flammable Liquids. Flammable liquids are liquids having a flash point of not more than

140°F

(60°C) or materials in a liquid phase with a flash point at or above

100°F

(37.8°C) that are intentionally heated and offered for transportation

or transported at or above their flash point in a bulk packaging.

Examples of Class 3 liquids include acetone, amyl acetate,

gasoline, methyl alcohol, and toluene.

• Division 3.1 ‑ Flash point < 0°F

• Division 3.2 ‑ Flash point 0°F to <73°F

• Division 3.3 ‑ Flash point 73°F to <141°F

•

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Combustible Liquid Any liquid that does not meet the definition of any other hazard

class and has a flash point above 140 degrees F and below 200 degrees F.

NOTE: A flammable liquid with a flash point at or above 100 degrees

that does not meet the definition of any other hazard class except 9,

may be reclassified as combustible.

Examples:

Mineral oil. Peanut oil,

No. 6 fuel oil

NFPA 4.2.1(9)


Flammable / Combustible Placard / Label Flammable Placards / Label

Red Background

White Flame

“Flammable” or

“Combustible” or

4 digit ID Number

(Flammable Label Only)


J.4.1 Combustible Liquids. Combustible liquids are liquids that do not meet the definition of

any other hazard class and that have a flash point above 140°F

(60°C) and below 200°F (93°C).

Flammable liquids with a flash point above 100°F (38°C) can be

reclassified as combustible liquids.

Examples of combustible liquids include mineral oil, peanut oil,

and No. 6 fuel oil.

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Major Hazard: Rapid combustion with a liberation of mass quantities of smoke (toxic).


Class 4: Flammable Solids

NFPA 4.2.1(9)



J.5 Class 4 – Flammable Solids. Major Hazard: Rapid combustion with a liberation of mass

quantities of smoke (toxic)


Session HM 2.1.1

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Three Types Desensitized explosives

Self-reactive materials

Readily combustible solids

Examples:

Magnesium (pellets, turnings,

or ribbons), nitrocellulose

NFPA 4.2.1(9)

Flammable Solids Class 4.1

Division 4.1 Placard / Label Red & White Vertical Stripes

Black Flame

“Flammable Solid”

Flammable Solids Placards / Labels



J.5.1 – Flammable Solids; Division 4.1. Division 4.1 (flammable solids) comprises the following three types

of materials:

• Desensitized explosives – explosives wetted with sufficient

water, alcohol, or plasticizers to suppress explosive properties

• Self-reactive materials – materials that are thermally unstable

and that can undergo a strongly exothermic decomposition even

with participation of oxygen (air)

• Readily combustible solids – solids that can cause a fire

through friction and any metal powders that can be ignited.

Examples of Division 4.1 materials include magnesium (pellets,

turnings, or ribbons) and nitrocellulose.

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Wetted Explosives Explosives wetted with sufficient water, alcohol,

or a plasticizer to suppress explosive properties.

NFPA 4.2.1(9)

Flammable Solids Class 4.1


Self-Reactive Materials Materials that are thermally unstable and that can

undergo a strongly exothermic decomposition

even with participation of oxygen

Readily Combustible Solids

Solids that can cause a fire through friction

Metal powders that can be ignited.


Flammable Solids – Wetted Explosives

• Desensitized explosives – explosives wetted with sufficient

water, alcohol, or plasticizers to suppress explosive properties

Flammable Solids – Self Reactive Materials

• Self-reactive materials – materials that are thermally unstable

and that can undergo a strongly exothermic decomposition even

with participation of oxygen (air)

Flammable Solids – Readily Combustible Solids

• Readily combustible solids — solids that can cause a fire

through friction and any metal powders that can be ignited.

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Self-Heating Materials

A material that, when in contact with air and without an energy supply, is liable to self-heat.

Examples: Aluminum alkyls, charcoal briquettes, magnesium alkyls, and phosphorus

NFPA 4.2.1(9)

Spontaneously Combustible Class 4.2

Pyrophoric Materials A liquid or solid that, even in small quantities and without an external ignition

source, can ignite within 5 minutes after coming in contact with air.

Division 4.2 Placard / Label

White Top

Red Bottom

Black Flame

“Spontaneously Combustible”


Flammable Solids Placards / Labels


J.5.2 – Spontaneously Combustible; Division 4.2. Division 4.2 (spontaneously combustible material) comprises the

following materials:

• Self-heating materials – materials that, when in contact with

air and without an

energy supply, are liable to self-heat

Examples of Division 4.2 materials include aluminum alkyls,

charcoal briquettes, magnesium alkyls, and phosphorus.


Session HM 2.1.1

Chapter 3





Slide 157


Jones & Bartlett


Dangerous When Wet Class 4.3 Material that, by contact with water is liable to become spontaneously

flammable

Or to give off flammable or toxic gas at a rate of greater than 1 l/kg of the material, per hour.

Examples:

Calcium carbide, magnesium powder, potassium metal alloys and sodium hydride

NFPA 4.2.1(9)

Division 4.3 Placard / Label

Blue Background

White Flame

“Dangerous When Wet”

Dangerous When Wet Placard



J.5.3 – Dangerous When Wet; Division 4.3. Division 4.3 (dangerous-when-wet materials) comprises of

materials that, by contact with water, are liable to become

spontaneously flammable or to give off flammable or toxic gas at a

rate greater than 1 L/kg of the material per hour.

Examples of Division 4.3 materials include calcium carbide,

magnesium powder, potassium metal alloys, and sodium hydride.

Slide 158


Jones & Bartlett


Division 5.1 & 5.2

Yellow Background

“New” Red/Yellow Split

Black Flame

Division 5.1 & 5.2

“Oxidizer” (5.1)

“Organic Peroxide” (5.2)

4 Digit Number

Oxidizers Placards / Labels

NFPA 4.2.1(9)

Class 5: Oxidizers & Organic Peroxides Major Hazard 5.1:

Supports combustion and intensifies fire.

Major Hazard 5.2:

Unstable/reactive explosives




J.6 Class 5 – Oxidizers and Organic Peroxides.

• Major Hazards 5.1: Supports combustion, intensifies fire

• Major Hazards 5.2: Unstable/reactive explosives

Placards – Oxidizer & Organic Peroxide 5.1 – Yellow background, black flaming “O” with the word;

“Oxidizer”

5.2 – Yellow background, black flaming “O” with the words;

“Organic Peroxide” NOTE: “OLD PLACARD”

5.2 – Split; Bottom Yellow, Top Red background, black flaming

“O” with the

words, “Organic Peroxide” NOTE: “NEW PLACARD”


Session HM 2.1.1

Chapter 3





Slide 159 Oxidizers Class 5.1

Materials that may, generally by yielding oxygen, cause or enhance the combustion of other materials.

Examples: Ammonium nitrate, bromine

trifluoride, calcium hypochlorite

NFPA 4.2.1(9)

Organic Peroxide Class 5.2Any organic compound containing oxygen in the bivalent O-O structure

that may be considered a derivative of hydrogen peroxide, where one or

more of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced by organic radicals.

Organic peroxides have been further broken down into types a-g

(worst to least hazardous).

Examples:Dibenzoyl peroxide, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, peroxyacetic

acid



J.6.1 – Oxidizers; Division 5.1. Division 5.1 (oxidizers) comprises materials that can, generally by

yielding oxygen, cause or enhance the combustion of other

materials.

Examples of Division 5.1 materials include ammonium nitrate,

bromine trifluoride, and calcium hypochlorite.

J.6.2 – Organic Peroxide; Division 5.2. • Division 5.2 (organic peroxides) comprises organic compounds

that contain oxygen (O) in the bivalent -O-O- structure that can

be considered a derivative of hydrogen peroxide, where one or

more of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced by organic

radicals.

Examples of Division 5.2 materials include Dibenzoyl peroxide,

methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, and peroxyacetic acid.

Division 5.2 (organic peroxide) materials are assigned to one of the

following seven types: Type A – organic peroxides that can detonate or deflagrate rapidly as

packaged for transport.

Transportation of Type A organic peroxides is forbidden.

Type B – organic peroxides that neither detonate nor deflagrate rapidly but

that can undergo a thermal explosion.

Type C – organic peroxides that neither detonate nor deflagrate rapidly

and that cannot undergo a thermal explosion.

Type D – organic peroxides that detonate only partially or deflagrate

slowly, with medium to no effect when heated under confinement.

Type E – organic peroxide that neither detonate nor deflagrate and that

show low or no effect when heated under confinement.

Type F – organic peroxides that will not detonate, do not deflagrate, show

only a low or no effect if heated when confined, and have low or no

explosive power.

Type G – organic peroxides that will not detonate, do not deflagrate, show

no effect if heated when confined, have no explosive power, are

thermally stable, and are desensitized


Session HM 2.1.1

Chapter 3





Slide 160

Major Hazard:

Toxicity, Infectious


Class 6: Poisonous Materials

NFPA 4.2.1(9)

Division 6.1 & 6.2

White Background

Black Skull & Crossbones

“Poison” (6.1)

“Infectious Substance” (6.2)

4 Digit Number

Poisonous & Infectious Placards



J.7 Class 6 – Poisonous Materials

• Major Hazards: Toxicity, infectious

Placard – Poisonous & Infectious

White background, skull & crossbones

Slide 161 Poisonous Materials 6.1

A material, other than a gas, that is either known to be so toxic to humans as to afford a hazard to health during transportation, or in the absence of adequate data on human toxicity, is presumed to be toxic to humans, including irritating materials that cause irritation.

Examples: Aniline, Arsenic Compounds, Carbon Tetrachloride, hydrocyanic acid, Tear Gas

NFPA 4.2.1(9)

A viable microorganism, or its toxin, that causes disease in humans or animals.

Infectious substance and etiologic agents are synonymous.

Hazard Zone A: LC-50 <200 ppm

Hazard Zone B: LC-50 200ppm - 1000 ppm

Examples: Anthrax, botulism, rabies, tetanus and polio virus

Infectious Substances 6.2 (labels Only)



J.7.1 – Poisonous Materials; Division 6.1. Division 6.1 (poisonous materials) comprises materials other than

gases that either are known to be so toxic to humans as to

afford a hazard to health during transportation or in the absence

of adequate data on human toxicity are presumed to be toxic to

humans, including materials that cause irritation.

Examples of Division 6.1 materials include aniline, arsenic

compounds, carbon tetrachloride, hydrocyanic acid, and tear

gas.

J.7.2 – Infectious Substances; (labels Only) Division 6.2. Division 6.2 (infectious substances) comprises materials known to

contain or suspected of containing a pathogen. A pathogen is a

micro-organism (including viruses, plasmids, and other genetic

elements) or a proteinaceous infectious particle (prion) that has

the potential to cause disease in humans or animals. The terms

infectious substance and etiologic agent are synonymous.

Examples of Division 6.2 materials include anthrax, botulism,

rabies, and tetanus.

Hazard zones associated with Class 6 materials are as follows:

• Hazard zone A — LC50 less than or equal to 200 ppm

• Hazard zone B — LC50 greater than 200 ppm and less than or

equal to 1000 ppm


Session HM 2.1.1

Chapter 3





Slide 162

Major Hazard: Radioactive poisonous burns

Definition: Materials having a specific activity greater than

0.002 microcurie per gram.

Divided into 3 Divisions

Examples: Cobalt, uranium, hexafluoride,

yellow cake

Class 7: Radioactive Materials

NFPA 4.2.1(9)



J.8 Class 7 – Radioactive Materials. Radioactive material is any material containing radionuclides where

both the activity concentration and the total activity in the

consignment exceed specified values.

Examples of Class 7 materials include cobalt, uranium

hexafluoride, and “yellow cake.”

Slide 163

Division 7 White / Yellow Split Background Black Trefoil or Magenta Trefoil “Radioactive” (7)

Class 7: Radioactive Materials Placards

NFPA 4.2.1(9)

Class 7: Radioactive Materials Labels Division 7.1, 7.2, 7.3 Labels

White / White (7.1) White / Yellow Split 7.2 & 7.3

Black Trefoil

“Radioactive” with Roman Numeral I, II, III

Low Level Medium Level Highest Level



Placards – Radioactive

Yellow top, white bottom, black or magenta “propeller” called

Trefoil

Labels – Radioactive – Three (3) categories

• Radioactive White-I

Almost no radiation

0.5 mR/hr maximum on surface

No use of “Transport Index”

• Radioactive Yellow-II

Low radiation levels

50 mR/hr maximum on surface

1 mR/hr maximum at one meter

Transport Index Required

• Radioactive Yellow-III

Higher radiation levels

200 mR/hr maximum on surface

10 mR/hr maximum at one meter

Also required for fissile class-III or large quantity

shipments,

regardless of radiation level

Transport Index Required

Instructor Note: Emphasize these are Labels Only


Session HM 2.1.1

Chapter 3





Slide 164

Major Hazard:Burns / Emulsification skin damage.

Definition: A liquid or solid that cause full thickness destruction of skin at the site of contact, or a liquid that has a severe corrosion rate on steel or aluminum.

Examples: Nitric acid, phosphorus trichloride,

sodium hydroxide, sulfuric acid

Class 8: Corrosive Materials

NFPA 4.2.1(9)


Class 8: Corrosive Materials Placards / Label

Division 8 Placard / Label

Black / White Split Background

Black Steel bar / Hand damaged

“Corrosive” or

4 Digit Number


J.9 Class 8 — Corrosive Materials. Corrosive materials are liquids or solids that cause full-thickness

destruction of skin at the site of contact within a specified period of

time. A liquid that has a severe corrosion rate on steel or aluminum

is also a corrosive material.

Examples of Class 8 materials include nitric acid, phosphorus

trichloride, sodium hydroxide, and sulfuric acid.

Placard – Corrosive

White Top, black bottom, two test tubes pouring liquid,

hand and steel bar with damage to surface

Slide 165

Definition: A material that presents a hazard during transport, but that do not meet

the definition of any other hazard class

Examples: Adipic acid, PCBs, molten sulfur

Class 9: Miscellaneous Hazardous Materials

NFPA 4.2.1(9)


Class 9: Miscellaneous Hazardous Materials Placard / Label

Division 9 Placard / Label

Black / White Split Background

Black / White Bars Top Half

White Bottom Half

“Blank” or

4 digit Number


J.10 Class 9 – Miscellaneous Hazardous Materials. Miscellaneous hazardous materials are materials that present a

hazard during transport but that do not meet the definition of

any other hazard class.

Miscellaneous hazardous materials, include the following:

• Any material that has an anesthetic, noxious, or other similar

property that could cause extreme annoyance or discomfort to a

flight crew member so as to prevent the correct

performance of assigned duties

• Any material that is not included in any other hazard class but

that is subject to DOT requirements (e.g. elevated-temperature

material, hazardous substance, hazardous waste, marine

pollutant).

Examples of Class 9 materials include adipic acid, hazardous

substances

(e.g., PCBs), and molten sulfur.

• Division 9.1 – Miscellaneous dangerous goods (Canada)

• Division 9.2 – Environmentally hazardous substances (Canada)

• Division 9.3 – Dangerous wastes (Canada)

Placard – Miscellaneous

Black and white vertical stripes on top, white bottom


Session HM 2.1.1

Chapter 3





Slide 166 Dangerous Placard

May be placarded as “Dangerous” if 2 or

more categories of items that require

different placards from Table 2 are being

shipped on the same container.

If more than 2,205 lbs of one category of

material is loaded at one loading facility,

the placard from Table 2 must apply

NFPA 4.2.1(9)



Dangerous Placard

Taken from the DOT CHART for Hazardous Materials Marking,

Labeling and

Placarding Guide

A freight container, unit load device, transport vehicle or rail car

which contains non-bulk packages with two or more categories of

hazardous materials that require different placards specified in

Table 2 may be placarded with “DANGEROUS” placards instead

of the specific placards required for each of the materials in Table

2.

However, when 1,000 kg (2,205 lbs) or more of one category of

materials is loaded at one loading facility, the placard specified in

Table 2 must be applied.

Slide 167

Definition: Materials that presents a limited hazard during transportation due to

their: Form Quantity Packaging

No Placards (labels only)

Examples: Consumer commodities, small arms ammunition

ORM-D Materials

NFPA 4.2.1(9)

Other Regulated Materials - Domestic

Forbidden Definition: Materials prohibited from being offered or accepted for transportation.

Does not apply if the materials are diluted, stabilized, or incorporated in devices. There is no placard for these items since they aren't transported.

Examples: Class 5.2 Type A materials



J.11 ORM-D Material.

Other Regulated Materials – Domestic

ORM-D materials are materials that present a limited hazard during

transportation due to their form, quantity, and packaging.

Examples of ORM-D materials include consumer commodities and

small arms ammunition.

J.12 Forbidden. Forbidden means prohibited from being offered or accepted for

transportation.

Prohibition does not apply if these materials are diluted, stabilized,

or incorporated into devices.

Division 5.2 Generic Types

49CFR 173.128(b)

Division 5.2 organic peroxides are assigned to a generic system

which consists of seven types. An organic peroxide identified by

technical name in the Organic

Peroxides Table in 49CFR 173.225 is assigned to a generic type in

accordance with that Table. Organic peroxides not identified in the

Organic Peroxides Table are assigned to generic types under the

procedures of paragraph (c) of this section.

Type A. Organic peroxide type A is an organic peroxide which can

detonate or deflagrate rapidly as packaged for transport.

Transportation of type A organic peroxides is forbidden.


Session HM 2.1.1

Chapter 3





Slide 168 Elevated – Temperature Material

Definition: Materials that, when offered for transportation in a bulk

packaging, meets one of the following conditions:

Liquid at or above 212ºF (100ºC) Liquid with a flash point at or above 100ºF (37º8C)

that are intentionally heated and transported at or above its flash point.

Solid at or above 464ºF (240ºC)

NFPA 4.2.1(9)



J.14 Elevated – Temperature Material. Elevated temperature materials are materials that, when offered for

transportation

in a bulk packaging, meet one of the following conditions:

• Are liquid at or above 212°F (100°C)

• Are liquid with a flash point at or above 100°F (37.8°C) and are

intentionally

heated and transported at or above their flash point

• Are solid at or above 464°F (240°C)

J.14 Elevated – Temperature Material. Elevated temperature materials are materials that, when offered for

transportation

in a bulk packaging, meet one of the following conditions:

Examples of :

“HOT” Placard

“HOT” Placard with Identification Number

Slide 169

Category of Material Placard Name

1.1 Explosives 1.1

1.2 Explosives 1.2

1.3 Explosives 1.3

2.3 Poison Gas

4.3 Dangerous When Wet

5.2 Type B, Liquid or Solid, temperature controlled Organic Peroxide

6.1 Materials “Poisonous by Inhalation” Only Poison Inhalation Hazard

7 Radioactive Yellow III label Only Radioactive

Placarding Table 1Placard Any Quantity

See DOT Chart: Hazardous Materials Marking, Labeling, Placarding

NFPA 4.2.1(9)



Table 1 from DOT CHART for Hazardous Materials Marking,

Labeling and

Placarding Guide

Slide 170


1.4 Explosives 1.4

1.5 Explosives 1.5

1.6 Explosives 1.6

2.1 Flammable Gas

2.2 Non-Flammable Gas

3 Flammable

Combustible Liquid Combustible

4.1 Flammable Solid

4.2 Spontaneously Combustible

Placarding Table 2Placard 1,001 Pounds (lbs.) or more


NFPA 4.2.1(9)




Labeling and

Placarding Guide


Session HM 2.1.1

Chapter 3





Slide 171


5.1 Oxidizer

5.2 Other than Type B Identified in Table 1 Organic Peroxide

6.1 Other than materials Poisonous by Inhalation Poison

6.2 (None)

8 Corrosive

9 Class 9

ORM-D (None)

Placarding Table 2 – Continued

Placard 1,001 Pounds (lbs.) or more


NFPA 4.2.1(9)




Labeling and

Placarding Guide

Slide 172 Material Safety Data Sheets / Shipping Papers

Why Necessary? Federal Hazard Communication Laws

Right to Know

Employees

Mandatory local communication on hazards

OSHA MSDS on file for all chemicals

Stored or Used

With facility manager/employer

NFPA 4.2.1(10)(a)

4.2.1(10)(a) Identify where to find MSDS.

• Where to find Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS).

• Why they are necessary

• Federal hazard communication laws

• Right to know

(Where employees can get to the information easily)

• Mandatory local communication on hazards

• OSHA has required all establishments to keep on file

an MSDS for each

chemical stored or used on site

• Central location at facility

• With facility manager/employer

Slide 173

1. Identification

2. Composition / Information

on Ingredients

3. Hazards Identification

4. First Aid Measures

5. Fire Fighting Measures

Instructor Note: Hand Out Sample MSDS Sheets to Students

NFPA 4.2.1(10)(b)

MSDS Information RequirementsNew GHS Documents

IdentificationMSDS / Shipping Papers

6. Accidental Release

Measures

7. Handling and Storage

8. Exposure Controls /Personal

Protection

9. Physical and Chemical

Properties

10. Stability and Reactivity

4.2.1(10)(b) Identify major sections of an MSDS. MSDSs have 16 sections under the ANSI MSDS standard:

GHS ? – Globally Harmonized System of classification and

labeling of chemicals

• Substance Identity and Company Contact Information

• Chemical Composition and Data on Components

• Hazards Identification

• First Aid Measures

• Fire-Fighting Measures

• Accidental Release Measures

• Handling and Storage

• Exposure Controls and Personal Protection

• Physical and Chemical Properties

• Stability and Reactivity

• Toxicological Information

• Ecological Information

• Disposal Considerations

• Transport Information

• Regulations

• Other information


Session HM 2.1.1

Chapter 3





Slide 174

New GHS Documents

11. Toxicological Information

12. Ecological Information

13. Disposal Considerations

14. Transport Information

15. Regulatory Information

16. Other Information

NFPA 4.2.1(10)(b)

Old Still Used Documents

TOP Chemical Identity

I. Manufacturer’s Name &

Location

II. Hazardous Ingredients

III. Physical Data

IV. Fire & Explosion Data

V. Reactivity (Instability) Data

VI. Health Hazard Data

VII. Precautions for Safe

Handling

VIII. Control Measures

MSDS Information Requirements


4.2.1(10)(b) Identify major sections of an MSDS. MSDSs have 16 sections under the ANSI MSDS standard:

GHS ? – Globally Harmonized System of classification and

labeling of chemicals

• Substance Identity and Company Contact Information

• Chemical Composition and Data on Components

• Hazards Identification

• First Aid Measures

• Fire-Fighting Measures

• Accidental Release Measures

• Handling and Storage

• Exposure Controls and Personal Protection

• Physical and Chemical Properties

• Stability and Reactivity

• Toxicological Information

• Ecological Information

• Disposal Considerations

• Transport Information

• Regulations

• Other information

Their may still be older MSDS sheets in the field,

This list is what was required at that time

Slide 175

• Product Identification Number

• STCC number (Standard Transportation Commodity Code)

• 7 digit number

• Applies to rail only

• CAS number (Chemical Abstract Services)

• chemical’s social security number• Proper Shipping Name

• Hazard Class and Division

• Packaging Group

NFPA 4.2.1(10)(c)



4.2.1(10)(c) Identify the entries on shipping papers that indicate

the presence of hazardous materials.

• Product identification number

• STCC number (Standard Transportation Commodity

Code)

The Standard Transportation Commodity Code (STCC)

Number

contains a product class STCC code that corresponds to

the

Hazardous Material Response code (appears for 49-

series only).

• 7 digit number

• Applies to rail only

• CAS number (chemical’s social security number) are

unique numerical identifiers for chemical elements,

compounds, polymers, biological sequences, mixtures

and alloys. They are also referred to as CAS

numbers, CAS RNs or CAS #s.

• Proper shipping name

• Hazard class or division

• Packing groups

DOT “Final Rule”: published December 29, 2006, changes order

of description

Effective 01/01/2013 [49 CFR 171.14(e), 71 FR 78612]

Identification Number – First, then Proper Shipping Name, the

Hazard Class(es), then Packing Group.


Session HM 2.1.1

Chapter 3





Slide 176

1. Hazardous Materials Listed First on Sheet

2. Hazardous Materials – Color Highlighted

3. Hazardous Materials – Have Letter “X”

or “RQ” prior to Name of Chemical

a) RQ – Stands for Reportable Quantity

NFPA 4.2.1(10)(c)



4.2.1(10)(c) continued

• Hazardous Materials Listed First on Sheet

• Hazardous Materials – Color Highlighted

• Hazardous Materials – Have Letter “X” or “RQ” prior to Name

of Chemical

a) RQ – Stands for Reportable Quantity

Slide 177

NFPA 4.2.1(10)(d) & (e) & (f)

Identify:

What are the Shipping Papers Called?

Who is Responsible for them?

Where would they be Located?

HighwayCalled:

Person Responsible:

Location:Driver

Bill of Lading

Freight Bill

In the Cab

RailCalled:

Person Responsible:

Location:

Consist (The Cars Make up the Train)

Way Bill (Detailed Information on the Cars)

Engineer / Conductor

Member of the Crew - Engineer

IdentificationShipping Papers

4.2.1(10)(d),(e),(f)

• Highway

• Called “Bill of Lading”, or “Freight Bill”

• Person responsible – driver

• Located in cab

• Rail

• Called “Waybill” and “Consist”

• Person responsible - conductor or engineer

• Located in with member of train crew

Slide 178

NFPA 4.2.1(10)(d) & (e) & (f)

Identify:

What are the Shipping Papers Called?

Who is Responsible for them?

Where would they be Located?

WaterCalled:

Person Responsible:

Location:Captain or Master

Dangerous

Cargo Manifest

WheelhouseTube Container on Barge

AirCalled:

Person Responsible:

Location:

Air Bill

Pilot

Cockpit / Flight Deck

Attached to Package


4.2.1(10)(d),(e),(f)

• Water

• Called “Dangerous Cargo Manifest”

• Person responsible- captain or Master

• Located in the wheelhouse or in a tube-like container

on a barge

• Air

• Called the “Air Bill”

• Person responsible - pilot

• Located in the cockpit/flight deck or attached to a

package.

Slide 179

“CHEMTREC”

VideoApproximately 14 Minutes

Shipping Papers can be found in an

emergency in each mode of transportation

Can Be Obtained:

Shipper / Manufacturer

Through “CHEMTREC”

OPTIONAL NFPA 4.2.1(10)(g)


4.2.1(10)(g) continued

Instructor Note Only:

Now that we have mentioned them as a Point of Contact to assist

Responders

Show Video that will Introduce “Chemtrec” to the students

13:54 minutes in length – auto start with next slide

Now may be a time to let students break so they see entire video


Session HM 2.1.1

Chapter 3





Slide 180

4.2.1(10)(g) continued

Video will auto start

Slide 181

Identify examples of clues (other than occupancy / location, container shape, markings / colors,

placards / labels, MSDS, and shipping papers)the sight, sound, and odor of which indicate

hazardous materials / WMD.

NFPA 4.2.1(11)

Detecting the Presence of Hazardous Materials / WMD

4.2.1(11) Identify examples of clues (other than occupancy/

location, container shape, markings/color, placards/ labels, MSDS,

and shipping papers) the sight, sound, and odor of which indicate

hazardous materials/WMD.

A.4.2.1(11) These clues include odors, gas leaks, fire or vapor

cloud, visible corrosive actions or chemical reactions, pooled

liquids, hissing of pressure releases, condensation lines on pressure

tanks, injured victims, or casualties.

Slide 182 Indicators of possible criminal

or terrorist activity involving Chemical agents.

1) Warning or credible threat received

2) Laboratory Equipment not Relevant to Occupancy

3) Intentional Release of Hazardous Material / WMD

4) Sudden Onset Non-Traumatic illnesses or deaths

5) Unexplained Odor or Taste – Not common to area

6) Multiple Victims with Signs of Skin, Eye, Airway Irritation

NFPA 4.2.1(15)

Detecting the Presence of Hazardous Materials / WMDChemical

4.2.1(15) Identify at least four indicators of possible criminal or

terrorist activity involving chemical agents.

A.4.2.1(15) The following are examples of indicators of possible

criminal or Terrorist activity

involving chemical agents:

• Warning or Credible Threat Received.

• The presence of hazardous materials/WMD or laboratory

equipment that is not relevant to the occupancy.

• Intentional release of hazardous materials/WMD.

• Unexplained patterns of sudden onset of similar, non-traumatic

illnesses or deaths (patterns that might be geographic, by

employer, or associated with agent dissemination methods).

• Unexplained odors or tastes that are out of character with the

surroundings

• Multiple individuals exhibiting unexplained signs of skin, eye,

or airway irritation


Session HM 2.1.1

Chapter 3






or terrorist activity involving Chemical agents.

7) Unexplained bomb or munitions like material,

especially if it contains a liquid

8) Unexplained Vapor Clouds, Mist and Plumes

9) Multiple Victims with health problems such as nausea, vomiting, twitching, sweating, miosis, convulsions;

10) Land and Water Surfaces with Oily droplets / film

11) Dead, discolored, abnormal in appearance or withered; Trees, shrubs, bushes, food crops, lawns (not due to current drought)

12) Abnormal number of Sick, Dead Birds, Animals, Fish

13) Unusual Security, locks, barred or covered windows, barbered wire

NFPA 4.2.1(15)


4.2.1(15) continued

7. Unexplained bomb- or munitions-like material, especially if it

contains a liquid

8. Unexplained vapor clouds, mists, and plumes

9. Multiple individuals exhibiting unexplained health problems

such as nausea, vomiting, twitching, tightness in chest,

sweating, pinpoint pupils (miosis), runny nose (rhinorrhea),

disorientation, difficulty breathing, convulsions, or death

10. Trees, shrubs, bushes, food crops, and/or lawns that are dead,

discolored,

abnormal in appearance, or withered (not due to a current

drought and not just a patch of dead weeds)

• Surfaces exhibiting oily droplets/films and unexplained oily

film on water surfaces

• An abnormal number of sick or dead birds, animals, or fish

• Unusual security, locks, bars on windows, covered windows,

or barbed wire

•

Slide 184

S – Salivation

L – Lacrimation

U – Urination

D – Defecation

G – Gastrointestinal Upset

E – Emesis

M – Miosis

NFPA 4.2.1(15)

Indicators of possible criminalor terrorist activity involving Chemical agents.


What does SLUDGEM stand for?

(mnemonic for symptoms of nerve agent poisoning)

Salivation – Uncontrollable Saliva production

Lacrimation – Tearing of the eyes

Urination – Uncontrollable Bladder movement

Defecation – Uncontrollable bowel movement

Gastrointestinal upset – Severe Cramping

Emesis – Throwing Up

Miosis – Pin Point Pupils


or terrorist activity involving Biological agents.


2) Unusual number of sick or dying people or animals (any number of symptoms, most Flu like, varied species)

3) Time delay before symptoms are observed, depends on agent used

4) Health care facilities reporting multiple casualties with similar signs or symptoms over large land area

5) Unscheduled or unusual spray being disseminated,

especially if outdoors during periods of darkness

6) Abandoned spray devices (with No Distinct Odor)

7) Non-endemic illness for geographic area

8) Casualty distribution aligned with Wind Direction

NFPA 4.2.1(16)

Detecting the Presence of Hazardous Materials / WMDBiological


terrorist activity involving biological agents.

A.4.2.1(16) The following are examples of indicators of possible

criminal or terrorist

activity involving biological agents:

• Warning or Credible Threat Received.

• Unusual number of sick or dying people or animals (often of

different species)

(any number of symptoms; most are flu like)

• Time delay before symptoms are observed dependent on the

agent used but

usually days to weeks)

• Healthcare facilities reporting multiple casualties with similar

signs or symptoms

• Unscheduled or unusual spray being disseminated, especially if

outdoors during

period of darkness

• Abandoned spray devices (devices with no distinct odors)

• Non-endemic (not common) illness for geographic area

• Casualty distribution aligned with wind direction


Session HM 2.1.1

Chapter 3





Slide 186 Indicators of possible criminal or

terrorist activity involving Radiological agents.


2) Radiation detected through monitoring

3) Extremely large / Powerful Explosion

4) Possible Mushroom Cloud

5) Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP)

6) Signs and symptoms of radiation sickness

7) Radiological packaging left unattended

8) Extreme weight of package due to shielding

9) Material hot or emits heat without external source

10) Glowing Material – Some radioactive emit radio luminescence

Detecting the Presence of Hazardous Materials / WMDRadiological

NFPA 4.2.1(17)


terrorist activity involving radiological agents.

• Warning or credible threat received

• Radiation detected through monitoring

• Extremely large / Powerful Explosion,

• Possible Mushroom Cloud, regardless of size of device

• Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP)

• Signs and symptoms of radiation sickness; Nausea, Fatigue,

Hair Loss, Low

Blood Count

• Radiological packaging left unattended

• Extreme weight of package due to shielding

• Material hot or emits heat without external source

• Glowing Material – Some radioactive emit radioluminescence

Slide 187

1) Unusual Security Systems and Devices

2) Windows / Opening covered with plastic or tinfoil

3) Strong Solvent odors

4) Odor of Ammonia, Starting Fluid, Ether

5) Iodine / Chemical stained fixtures

6) Discoloration of structures, pavement, soil

7) Unusual Structures

8) Increased activity, especially at night

9) Excessive trash, large amounts similar remnants

10) Knowledge that Renters pay landlords in cash

Indicators of possible criminal

or terrorist activity involving Illicit laboratories(clandestine labs, weapons lab, ricin lab)

NFPA 4.2.1(18)

Detecting the Presence of Hazardous Materials / WMDIllicit Laboratories


terrorist activity involving illicit laboratories (clandestine

laboratories, weapons lab, ricin lab).

• Unusual Security Systems and Devices

• Windows / Opening covered with plastic or tinfoil

• Strong Solvent odors

• Odor of Ammonia, Starting Fluid, Ether

• Iodine / Chemical stained fixtures

• Discoloration of structures, pavement, soil

• Unusual Structures

• Increased activity, especially at night

• Excessive trash, large amounts similar remnants

• Knowledge that Renters pay landlords in cash

Slide 188


2) Reports of “Explosion” or actual “Explosion”

3) Accelerant Odors

4) Multiple fires or explosions

5) Incendiary device or bomb components

6) Unusually fast burning

6) Unusual Colored smoke or flames

7) Propane or other flammable cylinders in unusual locations

8) Unattended packages / backpacks / objects left in high traffic area

9) Excessive Damage not normally seen

a) bent steel, shattered concrete

10) Shrapnel evidence; nuts, bolts, nails

Indicators of possible criminal

or terrorist activity involving Explosives

NFPA 4.2.1(19)

Detecting the Presence of Hazardous Materials / WMDExplosives


terrorist activity involving explosives.

• Warning or credible threat received

• Reports of “Explosion” or actual “Explosion”

• Accelerant Odors

• Multiple fires or explosions

• Incendiary device or bomb components

• Unusually fast burning

Unusual Colored smoke or flames

Propane or other flammable cylinders in unusual locations

Unattended packages / backpacks / objects left in high traffic

area

Excessive Damage not normally seen, bent steel, shattered

concrete

Shrapnel evidence; nuts, bolts, nails


Session HM 2.1.1

Chapter 3





Slide 189

1) Containers with unknown liquids or materials

2) Unusual devices or containers with electronic components: such as – wires, circuit boards, antennas, cell phones

3) Devices containing quantities of fuses, fireworks, match heads, black powder, smokeless powder, incendiary materials

4) Ordinance such as blasting caps, detonation cord, military / commercial explosives, grenades

NFPA 4.2.1(20)

Indicators of Secondary Devices

Detecting the Presence of Hazardous Materials / WMDSecondary Devices

4.2.1(20) Identify at least four indicators of secondary devices.

A.4.2.1(20) An evaluation of the scene for secondary devices

would include the following safety steps:

• Containers with unknown liquids or materials

• Unusual devices or containers with electronic components:

such as – wires, circuit boards, antennas, cell phones

• Devices containing quantities of fuses, fireworks, match heads,

black powder, smokeless powder, incendiary materials

• Ordnance such as blasting caps, detcord, military / commercial

explosives, grenades

Slide 190

NFPA 4.2.1(20)

“Safety Tips” for Secondary Devices

• Evaluate the scene for likely areas where secondary devices might be placed.

• Visually scan operating areas for a secondary device.

• Avoid touching or moving anything that might conceal an explosive device.

• Designate and enforce scene control zones.

• Evacuate victims, other responders, and nonessential personnel as quickly and as safely as possible.

Detecting the Presence of Hazardous Materials / WMDSecondary Devices

4.2.1(20) Identify at least four indicators of secondary devices.

A.4.2.1(20) An evaluation of the scene for secondary devices

would include the following safety steps:

• Evaluate the scene for likely areas where secondary devices

might be placed.

• Visually scan operating areas for a secondary device.

• Avoid touching or moving anything that might conceal an

explosive device.

• Designate and enforce scene control zones.

• Evacuate victims, other responders, and nonessential personnel

as quickly and as safely as possible.

Slide 191

Hazardous materials that are manufactured, stored, processed,

or used at a particular site are NOTsubject to regulations affecting

Transported materials.

Collecting Hazard Information

NFPA 4.2.2(1)

4.2.2(1) continued

Remind students that laws and regulations and local requirements

are different

for Fixed Facilities vs. Transportation


Session HM 2.1.1

Chapter 3





Slide 192 Difficulties encountered in determining

the specific names of hazardous materials / WMD

FacilitiesPlacard or Label Missing

Hazard Class but No Product Identifier

Mixed Loads with Only One Placard

Error in Placarding or Labeling

Shipping Papers not Accessible

Transportation Placards or Labels Missing

No Specific Product Names (placards/labels)

Mixed Loads

Shipping Papers Not Available

Collecting Hazard Information

NFPA 4.2.2(1)

4.2.2(1) Identify difficulties encountered in determining the

specific names of hazardous materials/WMD at facilities and in

transportation.

Facilities

•Placard or Label Missing

•Hazard Class but No Product Identifier

•Mixed Loads with Only One Placard

•Error in Placarding or Labeling

•Shipping Papers not Accessible

Transportation

•Placards or Labels Missing

•No Specific Product Names (placards/labels)

•Mixed Loads

•Shipping Papers Not Available

Slide 193

Sources for obtaining names of hazardous materials in a facility.

Material Safety Data Sheets

Markings on Storage Containers

Emergency Planning Documents

NFPA 4.2.2(3)

Collecting Hazard InformationFacilities

4.2.2(3) Identify sources for obtaining the names of hazardous

materials / WMD at a facility.

MSDS sheets can identify specific information

Marking on Containers may identify materials

Emergency Planning Documents and Pre-Incident Planning are

excellent resources provided they are maintained and current.

Slide 194 • Hazardous occupancies and problem locations

should be identified and evaluated during pre-incident planning

• Personnel developing the Pre-Incident Plansshould seek assistance from the facility manager in identifying hazardous materials locations and recording them on the plan in a way that will be useful to the first-arriving companies.

NFPA 4.2.2(1)

Collecting Hazard InformationPre-Planning

4.2.2(1) continued

Now is a good time to stress the importance of Pre-Incident

Planning

Following normal Inspection routine;

The Responder should make contact first and request permission

for a walk

through type inspection and note all hazards, particularly the

storage and

location and quantity of Hazardous Materials


Session HM 2.1.1

Chapter 3





Slide 195 Collecting Hazard InformationEmergency Response Guidebook

NFPA 4.2.3(1)

Emergency Response Guidebook

Shipping Papers

4.2.2(2) Identify sources for obtaining the names of, UN/NA

identification numbers for, or types of placard associated with

hazardous materials / WMD in transportation.

Emergency Response Guidebook is a most valuable resource to

accomplish this.

Shipping papers should also be able to provide the needed

information.

4.2.3* Collecting Hazard Information. Given the identity of

various hazardous materials / WMD (name, UN/NA identification

number, or type placard), awareness level personnel shall identify

the fire, explosion, and health hazard information for each material

by using the current edition of the DOT

Emergency Response Guidebook and shall meet the following

requirements:

A.4.2.3 It is the intent of this standard that the awareness level

personnel be taught the noted competency to a specific task level.

This task level is required

to have knowledge of the contents of the current edition of the DOT

Emergency

Response Guidebook or other reference material provided.

Awareness level personnel should be familiar with the information

provided in those documents so they can use it to assist with

accurate notification of an incident and take protective actions.

If other sources of response information, including the MSDS, are

provided to the hazardous materials/WMD responder at the

awareness level in lieu of the current edition of the DOT

Emergency Response Guidebook, the responder should identify

hazard information similar to that found in the current edition of the

DOT Emergency Response Guidebook.

Instructor’s Note:

At the end of the Emergency Response Guidebook Section of

Chapter 4; Pass out Emergency Response Guidebooks to each student for

facilitated “Hands-On”

Have the students follow along as told with the instructors

performing various skills as required and to review the book as

each topic is covered in the presentation


Session HM 2.1.1

Chapter 3





Slide 196

1. Yellow Pages4 digit UN/NA ID Number

2. Blue PagesName of Material

3. Table of PlacardsWhen UN/NA number orMaterial Name unavailable …but placard is visible

NFPA 4.2.3(1)

Collecting Hazard InformationEmergency Response Guidebook

Three methods

for determining the

appropriate guide page

for a specific hazardous

Material.

4.2.3(1) continued

A.4.2.3(1) Three methods for determining the appropriate

guidebook page include the

following:

(1) Using the numerical index for UN/NA identification

numbers

(2) Using the alphabetical index for chemical names

(3) Using the Table of Placards and Initial Response Guides

Slide 197

NFPA 4.2.3(1)


4.2.3(1) continued

How to use the Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG)

Yellow Pages – ID Numerical Pages

Blue Pages – Chemical Name Pages

Orange Pages – Emergency Guide Pages

Green Pages – Isolation and Protective Action Distances

White Pages – Informational

Slide 198

Informational Pages

How To Use the ERG

ERG Content

Emergency Numbers

Table of Placards

Rail / Road ID Chart

Intermodal Codes

Intro to Isolation Table

P.P.E.

Terrorism

Glossary of Terms

NFPA 4.2.3(1)

BEFORE AN EMERGENCY – BECOME FAMILIAR

WITH THIS GUIDEBOOK! In the U.S., according to the

requirements of the U.S. Department of Labor’s Occupational

Safety and Health Administration (OSHA, 29 CFR 1910.120),

and regulations issued by the U.S. Environmental Protection

Agency (EPA, 40 CFR Part 311), first responders must be

trained regarding the use of this guidebook.

RESIST RUSHING IN !

APPROACH INCIDENT FROM UPWIND

STAY CLEAR OF ALL SPILLS, VAPORS, FUMES,

SMOKE AND SUSPICIOUS SOURCES


4.2.3(1) continued


Slide 199

Four Digit ID Number

– Placard – Orange Panel– Shipping Papers– Packaging– “P” Indicates Polymerization Hazard

For Spill / No Fire and “Highlighted”Go To “GREEN PAGES


4.2.3(1) continued


Polymerization is a process of reacting monomer molecules

together in a chemical reaction to form three-dimensional networks

or polymer chains. There are many forms of polymerization and

different systems exist to categorize them.





Skill Sheet: 4.1.2C


Session HM 2.1.1

Chapter 3





Slide 200

Name of Material

– Placard – Shipping Papers– Packaging– “P” IndicatesPolymerization Hazard

NFPA 4.2.3(1)

For Spill / No Fire and “Highlighted”Go To “GREEN PAGES


4.2.3(1) continued






Skill Sheet: 4.1.2A

Slide 201 Guide Numbers

– Potential Hazards– Health

– Fire / Explosion

– Public Safety– Protective Clothing

– Evacuation

– Emergency Response– Fire

– Spill or Leak

– First Aid

Remember! It’s called a “GuidebookBecause it’s only a “Guide”

NFPA 4.2.3(1)


4.2.3(1) continued


The left hand page provides safety related information where as the

right hand page provides emergency response guidance and

activities for fire situations, spill or leak incidents and first aid.

Each guide is designed to cover a group of materials which possess

similar chemical and toxicological characteristics.

Slide 202 Table of Isolation & Protective Action

1. Id. # Name of Material– Numerical Order

– Small / Large Spills– First Isolate

– Protect Downwind

– Day / Night

2. Table of Water Reactive

– TIH Gases

NFPA 4.2.3(1)


4.2.3(1) continued


The Initial Isolation Zone defines an area SURROUNDING the

incident in which persons may be exposed to dangerous (upwind)

and life threatening (downwind) concentrations of material.

The Protective Action Zone defines an area DOWNWIND from the

incident in which persons may become incapacitated and unable to

take protective action and/or incur serious or irreversible health

effects.


Session HM 2.1.1

Chapter 3





Slide 203

Placards – Table of Placards

Dealing with:

Mixed Load

Unidentified Cargo

1 Guide 111

2 Dangerous Placard

NFPA 4.2.3(1)


4.2.3(1) continued


2008 Emergency Response Guide

Page 15 - Instructions

Pages 16 & 17 Placards





Skill Sheet: 4.1.2B

Slide 204 Table of Placards


4.2.3(1) continued



Pages 16 – 17


Let students know that the “White – 1005” Placard is for Canada, in

2008 ERG shows it grouped with Poison Gasses as Guide 123 – not

like on slide which is correct.





Skill Sheet: 4.1.2B

Slide 205 Rail Car and Road Trailer Identification Chart

Used as Last Resort

Used Only for the Rail and Highway Modes of

Transportation

NFPA 4.2.3(1)


4.2.3(1) continued



Pages 18 – 19

With Instructions on pages

MC – Motor Carrier

DOT – Department of Transportation

TC – Transport Canada

SCT – Mexican Specification (ESPECIFICACIONES DE DISEÑO

SCT)


Session HM 2.1.1

Chapter 3





Slide 206 Two general types of hazards found

on each guidebook page.

Fire or Explosion Hazard“P” Polymerization Hazard when applicable

Health Hazard

Highest Potential Hazard will be listed First

NFPA 4.2.3(2)


4.2.3(2) Identify the two general types of hazards found on each guidebook

page.

Instructors Note: Refer students to Guides 118 and 119 in ERG

Slide 207

Emergency

Response Guide

VideoApproximately 20 minutes in length


OPTIONAL

4.2.3(2) continued

Instructor Note Only:

We have mentioned the ERG as a valuable Resource to

assist Responders

Show Video that will Explain “Emergency Response

Guidebook” to the students

20:07 minutes in length – Auto Start

Now may be a time to let students break so they see entire

video

Slide 208

NFPA 4.2.3(2)

Collecting Hazard InformationNIOSH Pocket Guide

5.1.2.2(1) Analyze a hazardous materials/WMD incident

to determine the scope

of the problem and potential outcomes by completing the

following tasks:

The Analysis process begins when a responder receives

notification of a problem and continues throughout the

incident.

• Collect hazard and response information from MSDS;

CHEMTREC / CANUTEC

/ SETIQ; local, state, and federal authorities; and

shipper / manufacturer contacts.

• Know what resources are available for technical

assistance

The NIOSH pocket guide to Hazardous Chemicals is

another valuable resource tool that the First Responder

needs to be familiar with.

These Text should be on each First Responder vehicle as

well as the ERG

Instructor Note:

Pass Out NIOSH Guides for review with the

Instructor/Student

Skill Sheet: 4.1.2D


Session HM 2.1.1

Chapter 3





Slide 209

The NIOSH Pocket Guide has been designed to provide

chemical-specific data to supplement general industrial hygiene

knowledge. To maximize the amount of data provided in this

limited space, abbreviations and codes have been used

extensively. These abbreviations and codes, which have been

designed to permit rapid comprehension by the regular user, are

discussed for each column in the following subsections.

The chemical name found in the OSHA General Industry Air

Contaminants Standard (29 CFR 1910.1000) is listed in the top

left portion of each chemical table.

NFPA 4.2.3(2)

Collecting Hazard InformationNIOSH Pocket Guide

5.1.2.2(1) Analyze a hazardous materials/WMD incident

to determine the scope

of the problem and potential outcomes by completing the

following tasks:

The Analysis process begins when a responder receives

notification of a problem and continues throughout the

incident.

• Collect hazard and response information from MSDS;

CHEMTREC / CANUTEC

/ SETIQ; local, state, and federal authorities; and

shipper / manufacturer contacts.

The Pocket Guide has been designed to provide chemical-

specific data to supplement general industrial hygiene

knowledge. To maximize the amount of data provided

in this limited space, abbreviations and codes have

been used extensively. These abbreviations and codes,

which have been designed to permit rapid

comprehension by the regular user, are discussed for

each column in the following subsections.

The chemical name found in the OSHA General Industry

Air Contaminants Standard

(29 CFR 1910.1000) is listed in the top left portion of each

chemical table.

Instructor Note:

Have students look up various Chemicals and review with

them to help understand the use of the Guidebook

Skill Sheet: 4.1.2D

Slide 201 NEVER FORGET