Hazardous Materials Communication Program (Employee Right-to-Know)

Hazardous Materials Hazardous Materials Communication ProgramCommunication Program

(Employee Right-to-Know)(Employee Right-to-Know)

BackgroundBackground

HistoryHistory

• Issued by OSHA November 25, 1983.

• First issued for companies in SIC codes 20-39.

• Applies to manufacturers and importers.

Hazardous Material DefinedHazardous Material Defined

• Any material that, because of its quantity, concentration, or physical or chemical characteristics, may pose a substantial hazard to human health or the environment when incorrectly used, purposefully released, or accidentally spilled.

What Makes a Substance What Makes a Substance Hazardous ?Hazardous ?

• A material is considered hazardous if it exhibits any of the following characteristics beyond predefined levelsToxicityReactivityIgnitabilityCorrosivityBioaccummulative

Mixture RuleMixture Rule

• If a mixture has not been tested as a whole, the mixture is assumed to present the same health hazards of hazardous ingredients which compromise more than one percent (0.01) of the whole.

• A mixture is considered to be a carcinogen if any component in concentrations of 0.10 %, or greater are carcinogenic.

CategoriesCategories

• Acids• Adhesives• Alkalies/Bases/Caustics• Cleaning compounds• Compressed gases• Corrosion preventive compounds


• Detergents/Soaps• Greases• Hydraulic fluids • Solvents (hydrocarbons)• Lubricants/oils• Paints


• Water treatment chemicals• Oxidizers• Fuels• Heavy metals• Batteries• Pesticides

Materials NOT IncludedMaterials NOT Included

• Pharmaceutical supplies• Medical wastes & infectious

materials• Bulk fuels• Radioactive materials• Consumer products• Food and food additives• Booze

Employee RightsEmployee Rights

• The right to receive information regarding hazardous substances.

• Your physician or collective bargaining agent may also receive this same information.

• Review new or revised MSDS within 30 days of receipt and prior to using those materials.

ScopeScope

• Manufacturers must properly label hazardous materials & provide Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for each hazardous material produced

• The hazardous materials user--– Must be familiar with hazards & precautions– Must be familiar with MSDSs– Must use and understand hazardous materials

labels

Hazardous MaterialsHazardous Materials Labeling Labeling

Original Container LabelsOriginal Container Labels

• Manufacturer must provide shipper/handler/user with information on hazardous materials

• Every container of hazardous materials must be labeled

• Label requirements--– Identity of material or chemical– Name & address of manufacturer or

responsible party– Appropriate hazard warning– Target organ

Secondary ContainersSecondary Containers

• If hazardous material is dispensed into an unmarked container, the container must be labeled with the following information:– Identity of material or chemical– Appropriate hazard warning

Hazardous Material Hazardous Material Information Guide (HMIG)Information Guide (HMIG)

• Acuity’s system for labeling?

• Replaces illegible and/or damaged labels

• Labels for secondary containers

Wallet CardWallet Card

•Quick reference guide

•Icon depiction of PPE

•Letters refer to groups of needed PPE

• Color code identifies the hazardBlue = Health HazardRed = FlammabilityYellow = ReactivityWhite = Special Hazard Information

• Numerical rating identifies severity0 - no hazard, 4 - most severe hazard

Hazardous Material Hazardous Material Information Guide (HMIG)Information Guide (HMIG)

HMIG LabelHMIG Label

Sulfur Dioxide

3

0

0

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3

0

0

K

Sulfur Dioxide

Rhone-Poulenc Basic Chemicals Co.July 4, 2000

Other Warning SystemsOther Warning Systems

• National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 704M diamond

NoteNote: NFPA and DOT labels may NOT be used as: NFPA and DOT labels may NOT be used as stand-alone labeling systems, but may be used in stand-alone labeling systems, but may be used in conjunction with other labeling systemsconjunction with other labeling systems

• Department of Transportation (DOT) Labels

NFPA LabelNFPA Label

•Designed for

emergency personnel•Represents the

"worst" of what is in the storage area

•Does not provide specific chemical names or quantities

DOT Warning SystemDOT Warning System

• Numbers • Labels• Symbols, and• Classes

to identify the hazardous material and its hazardous characteristicsSystem is used for shipping of hazardous materials

DOT uses a system of

DOT ClassesDOT Classes

•Class 1 - Explosive•Class 2 - Gases•Class 3 - Flammable liquids•Class 4 - Flammable solids•Class 5 - Oxidizers•Class 6 - Poisons•Class 7 - Radioactive•Class 8 - Corrosives•Class 9 - Miscellaneous

Material Safety Data Sheets Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)(MSDS)

MSDSMSDS

• Technical bulletins containing information about the hazardous material

• Contain at a minimum the following information:– Identity of material– Hazardous ingredients– Physical and chemical characteristics

MSDS InformationMSDS Information

– Physical hazards (fire, explosion, reactivity)

– Health hazards (routes of entry, exposure limits, and cancer potential)

– Precautions for safe handling & use– Emergency first aid procedures– MSDS preparation date– Name, address & phone number of

chemical manufacturer, importer, employer who can provide additional information

MSDS RequirementsMSDS Requirements

• Maintained for every item of hazardous material in the work area

• Readily accessible to personnel who use hazardous materials

• Supervisors provide instruction in understanding and use

• All personnel trained on dangers and precautions of hazardous materials prior to use

ResponsibilitiesResponsibilities

SuperintendentsSuperintendentsSupervisorsSupervisors

• Ensure PPE available for hazardous material operations and personnel trained on use

• Make personnel available to receive hazardous material training

• Ensure use of approved storage containers

SuperintendentsSuperintendentsSupervisorsSupervisors

• Provide control and management of the hazardous materials

• Maintain MSDS• Ensure personnel are trained• Ensure hazardous materials are

labeled when dispensed into other containers

All StaffAll Staff

• Properly use and handle hazardous materials

• Report spills to supervisor• Label hazardous materials when

dispensed into other containers

Hazardous MaterialsHazardous Materials HandlingHandling

General RequirementsGeneral Requirements

• Handle incompatible materials in separate compartments to prevent mixing

• Never mix incompatible materials in the same collection containers

• Avoid breathing vapors or dust from hazardous materials

• Avoid contact with eyes and skin

General RequirementsGeneral Requirements

• Do not smoke, eat, or drink where hazardous materials are used

• Use appropriate PPE• Use appropriately selected & fitted

respirator

Hazardous MaterialsHazardous Materials Storage Storage

StorageStorage

Materials normally thought to be safe may becomeMaterials normally thought to be safe may becomehazardous under certain conditions. Whenhazardous under certain conditions. Whencontainers leak or are heated, chemical reactions containers leak or are heated, chemical reactions may result, leading to fire, explosion, or release ofmay result, leading to fire, explosion, or release oftoxic reaction products.toxic reaction products.

Determining Storage Determining Storage RequirementsRequirements

• Is the hazardous material compatible with other chemicals?

• What is the hazard classification?– Oxidizer, acid, flammable, base, etc.

• Any special storage requirements on MSDS?

• What is the flash point of the material?

Storage RequirementsStorage Requirements

• Hazardous materials storage locations must be posted with caution signs

• Ensure lockers and cabinets used for in-use flammable storage labeled


• Storage areas must be properly marked

• Do not transfer material to any container used for a different material– Some materials might be incompatible!

• Store incompatible materials in separate compartments to prevent mixing if spilled


• Store hazardous materials in compatible containers– No corrosives in metal drums!

• Stack containers so as to avoid crushing lower containers, or access difficulty

• Do not eat, smoke, or drink in storage locations


• No open flames or other ignitions sources in storage areas

• Use only explosion-proof devices in potentially explosive environments

• Maintain explosion-proof fixtures in proper condition

• Seal & protect containers against physical damage


• Only store hazardous materials in areas designated for hazardous materials storage


• Only store hazardous materials in areas designated for hazardous materials storage

Health Hazards Health Hazards

ToxicityToxicity

• The quality of being poisonous; having harmful effects.

• "Everything is a poison, nothing is a poison, the dose alone makes the poison.” -Paracelsus, 1493-1541

• The toxicity of a substance is due to its ability to damage or disrupt the metabolism of living tissue.

Routes of EntryRoutes of Entry

Oral = Ingestion by mouth

Dermal = Skin exposure

Inhalation = Absorbed by lungs

Ocular = Eye exposure

Toxic Effects May Occur:Toxic Effects May Occur:

• During or soon after exposure (acute), and

• After repeated exposures over a long time (chronic).

In addition, some people may be especially sensitive (allergic) to a substance.

Acute ToxicityAcute Toxicity

• An acutely toxic substance can cause damage as the result of a single or short-duration exposure

TIME: Minutes or Hours

Threshold Concentration

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SYMPTOMS

Chronic ToxicityChronic Toxicity

• A chronically toxic substance causes damage after repeated or long-duration exposure

• At times, it becomes evident only after a long latency period

x

Threshold concentrat ion

SYMPTOMS

TIME: Weeks, months, years

Blo

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issue

Co

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x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Chronic ToxicityChronic Toxicity

(Repeated exposure)

Routes of EntryRoutes of Entry

• "Everything is a poison, nothing is a poison, the dose alone makes the poison.” Paracelsus, 1493-1541

How Well the Body Accepts a Substance Depends on:

The Type of Substance. The Amount (Dose) Absorbed. The Period of Time Over Which It Is Absorbed. The Susceptibility/Sensitivity of the Person Exposed.

GENERAL CONCEPTS OF TOXICOLOGY

EVERYTHING IS TOXIC;

IT ALL DEPENDS ON THE DOSE

EXPOSURE TERMINOLOGY

Local Effect. Damage to Body Parts That Actually Contact The Harmful Substance (Acid on a Hand).

Systemic Effect. Damage to an Area of the Body After The Substance

Is Absorbed (Liver Damage).

Individual Susceptibility. Some People Are Naturally Sensitive or Can Develop Sensitivity to a Substance.

Dose. Combination of Concentration and Length of Bodily Exposure

to a Specific Material.



EXPOSURE TERMINOLOGY

Hazardous Material. A Material That Falls Into One or More Of the Following Categories.

Ignitability Is Flammable or Combustible. Reactivity Can React With Itself or Other Materials.

Corrosivity Can Deteriorate Another Substance. Toxicity In Its Normal State Is Harmful to Living Things.

EXPOSURE LIMITS


Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA

American Conference of Gov. Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH

SOURCES INCLUDE:

EXPOSURE LIMITS

American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists:


Threshold Limit Values (TLV). (Respiratory)

Biological Exposure Indices (BEI). (Dermal)

8 Hour Time Weighted Averages (TWA).

- How Much a Worker Can Be Exposed to in an 8 Hr. Shift.

Published by ACGIH Annually, Provides Exposure Levels.

Legally Enforceable.

EXPOSURE LIMITS

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA):


Permissible Exposure Limits (PEL’s) Found in 29 CFR 1910.1000 (The “Z” Tables) Establishes OSHA’s Exposure Levels Legally Enforceable

EXPOSURE LIMITS

National Institute for Occupational Safety And Health (NIOSH):


Recommended Exposure Limits (REL’s) Used to Develop New OSHA Standards Found in: “NIOSH Recommendations for Occupational

Health Standards”

SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS

AIR CONTAMINANTS

Gases. Generally Used in a Compressed Form. Can Effect All Routes of Entry.

Vapors. Formed by Evaporation of Liquids or Solids. Amount

Usually Depends Upon Exposed Surface Area, Temperature, and Vapor Pressure Of Substance. Can Be Deadly.

AIR CONTAMINANTS

Fumes. Usually Metallic and Formed by Welding, Cutting, or Brazing Operations. Extremely Hazardous to Inhale.

Particulates. Composed of Solid or Liquid Particles That

Are Suspended or Dispersed in Air. Such As Dust, Mists, or Smokes. Can Be Explosive And Hazardous to Breath.



ACIDS AND BASES

- Ph. The pH of a Liquid Is the Numerical Measure Of Its Relative Acidity or Alkalinity. The Range Is From 0 - 14 With a Neutral Level Expressed As A pH of 7.0.

Above 7.0 The Liquid Is More Alkaline or Basic.

Below 7.0 The Liquid Is More Acidic.

Common Acids (pH 0-6)

Hydrochloric Acid Hydrofluoric Acid Nitric Acid Phosphoric Acid Chromic Acid

Common Bases (pH 8-14)

Sodium Hydroxide (Lye) Sodium Hypochlorite (Bleach) Aqueous Ammonia Potassium Hydroxide (Potash) Ammonium Hydroxide

ACIDS AND BASESACID BASE



CHECK FOR COMPATIBILITY WITH EACH OTHER!

HIGH pHBASEACIDLOW pH

BASEACID


CHECK FOR COMPATIBILITY WITH YOU!


ACIDS and BASES - GENERAL PRECAUTIONS

If You’re Not Familiar With the Chemical, Find Out! Read the Material Safety Data Sheet! Read the Labels on Containers. Observe Written Warnings! Don’t Eat, Drink, or Smoke Around Chemicals. Change Your Cloths! Don’T Take It Home! Ensure Work Area Is Ventilated. Wear Appropriate Protective Equipment.


Wear Appropriate Protective Equipment. Clean up Small Spills to Prevent Being Mistaken For Water. For Large Spills, Contact Safety Officer. Store Acids From Bases to Prevent Reactions. Know the Reactions That Can Occur From Other Materials. Always Add Acid to Water, Never Water to Acid!

ACIDS and BASES - GENERAL PRECAUTIONS


ORGANIC (CARBON BEARING) SOLVENTS:

Organic Solvents Contain Carbon. Organic Solvents Include: Acetone, Gasoline, Stoddard

Solvent, and Trichloroethylene. Drastic Effects on the Central Nervous System Can Occur If

Proper Ventilation Is Not Used.

CLASSES OF SOLVENTS

ROUTES OF ENTRY FOR SOLVENTS

INHALATION: Most Common Route of Entry. Causes Headache, Dizziness, Confusion, And Drowsiness. Odor Intensity is Usually Not a Good Determination Of Toxicity. Odors - More Could Mean Less, Less Could Mean More. Different Solvents Seek Different Target Organs In the Body.



INGESTION:

Eating, Drinking, or Smoking Without Washing Hands First. Eating, Drinking, or Smoking Contaminated Consumables. Can Cause Severe Irritation of Gastro-Intestinal Tract. Easily Penetrates Mucous Membranes to Enter The Blood

Stream.


ABSORPTION:

Prevent Skin Contact, Wear Gloves, Aprons, Etc. Can Occur Through Unbroken Skin or Mucous Membranes. Any Absorption Generally Will Cause Irritation Of Skin. Flush Skin for at Least Fifteen Minutes, Seek Medical Help. Never Wash Exposed Skin With Any Solvent.




INJECTION:

Usually Caused by Puncture Wounds. Compressed Air Can Also Cause Injection of Solvents. Rapid Introduction of Solvents Into Bloodstream. May Inject Other Debris in Wound Causing Concern.


IF YOU’RE NOT FAMILIAR WITH THE SOLVENT, FIND OUT!

READ THE MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET!

READ THE LABELS ON CONTAINERS.

OBSERVE WRITTEN WARNINGS!

DON’T EAT, DRINK, OR SMOKE AROUND SOLVENTS.

CHANGE YOUR CLOTHS! DON’T TAKE IT HOME!

ENSURE WORK AREA IS WELL VENTILATED.

SOLVENTS - GENERAL PRECAUTIONS


WEAR APPROPRIATE PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT.

USE A BARRIER CREAM, IF YOU’RE SOLVENT SENSITIVE.

SPILLS MUST BE CONTAINED, IMMEDIATELY!

FOR LARGE SPILLS, CONTACT SAFETY OFFICER.

KNOW THE REACTIONS THAT CAN OCCUR.

NEVER DISCOUNT ANY ROUTE-OF-ENTRY!

SOLVENTS - GENERAL PRECAUTIONS (CONTINUED)


The Study of Congenital Malformations Relatively New Discipline (1941) First Correlated German Measles to Birth Defects Causes of Congenital Malformations

TERATOGEN: (Latin - “The Study of Monsters”)

- Heredity- Maternal Diseases Like German Measles- Maternal Viral Infections During Pregnancy- Maternal Malnutrition- Physical Injury- Ionizing Radiation Exposure- Chemical Exposure



Review the Respective Material Safety Data Sheet Chemicals Having Potential Teratogenic Effects

TERATOGEN AFFECTS IN LAB ANIMALS:

- Quinine- Boric Acid- Insecticides- Pesticides- Chloroform- Carbon Tetrachloride- Benzene- Xylene- Propylene Glycol


Review the Respective Material Safety Data Sheet Agents Having Conclusive Teratogenic Effects

TERATOGEN AFFECTS IN HUMANS:

- Anesthetic Gases- Organic Mercury Compounds- Ionizing Radiation- German Measles- Thalidomide


Potential to Cause Mutation in the Genetic Code Can Cause Changes in Chromosomes Review the Respective Material Safety Data Sheet Agents Shown to Cause Potential Mutagenic Effects

MUTAGENIC:

- Hydrogen Peroxide (a Bleaching Agent)- Ethyleneimine (an Alkylating Agent)- Ethylene Oxide (Hospital Sterilant)- Hydrazine (Used in Rocket Fuel) - Ionizing Radiation Exposure- Benzene

Can Induce a Malignant Tumor in Humans Has a Potential to Cause Cancer Can Cause or Accelerate Tumors Some Confirmed or Suspected Human Carcinogens

CARCINOGENIC:

- Acrylimide - Beryllium - Nickel Sulfide- Acrylonitrile - Calcium Chromate - Tetranitromethane- 4-Aminodiphenyl - Chromium (Vi) - O-Tolidine- Arsenic - Ethylene Dichloride - Vinyl Bromide- Benzine - Ethylene Oxide - Xylidine- Benzidine - Lead Chromate - Zinc Chromates


CHEMICAL HAZARDSCHEMICAL HAZARDS

• Fire HazardsFire Hazards• Explosive HazardsExplosive Hazards• Toxic HazardsToxic Hazards• Corrosive HazardsCorrosive Hazards• Chemical ReactivityChemical Reactivity• Physical PropertiesPhysical Properties

Fire HazardsFire Hazards

• Combustibility • Flammability• Pyrophorics• Gas or Vapor Explosions

CombustibilityCombustibility

• The ability of a material to act as a fuelThe ability of a material to act as a fuel• OSHA says combustibles have flash OSHA says combustibles have flash

point between 100° F and 200° Fpoint between 100° F and 200° F• Anything that can be readily ignited and Anything that can be readily ignited and

sustain a firesustain a fire• Anything that can’t is considered non-Anything that can’t is considered non-

combustiblecombustible

The Fire TriangleThe Fire Triangle

FUEL

OXYGENHEAT

FlammabilityFlammability

• The ability of a material (gas or liquid) The ability of a material (gas or liquid) to produce sufficient vapors to be to produce sufficient vapors to be ignited and produce a flame under ignited and produce a flame under normal conditions.normal conditions.

• There must be a proper fuel to air There must be a proper fuel to air mixture to sustain combustion. Each mixture to sustain combustion. Each material has its own mixture range material has its own mixture range called “Flammable Range”.called “Flammable Range”.

UFL and LFLUFL and LFL

• Concentrations < the Concentrations < the LFL will not burn LFL will not burn because they are too because they are too “lean”.“lean”.

• Concentrations > the Concentrations > the UFL will not burn UFL will not burn because they are too because they are too “rich”.“rich”.

OSHA FLAMMABLEOSHA FLAMMABLE

• OSHA considers anything flammable if it has a flash point below 100°F.

• Flashpoint - See Section 2, page 14.

REGULATORY CONFUSIONREGULATORY CONFUSION

• OSHAOSHA-Flammable: < 100°F-Flammable: < 100°F Combustible: 100F-200°FCombustible: 100F-200°F Will Not Burn: > 200°FWill Not Burn: > 200°F• DOTDOT- Flammable: < 141°F- Flammable: < 141°F Combustible: > 141°F but < Combustible: > 141°F but <

200°F200°F Non-Hazardous: Anything > Non-Hazardous: Anything >

200°F200°F• EPAEPA- Anything < 140°F is “Ignitable”- Anything < 140°F is “Ignitable”

GAS OR VAPOR EXPLOSIONSGAS OR VAPOR EXPLOSIONS

• A Rapid, Violent Release of EnergyA Rapid, Violent Release of Energy• Large amounts of kinetic energy, heat Large amounts of kinetic energy, heat

and gaseous products are released. and gaseous products are released. • The KEY is confinement of a Flammable The KEY is confinement of a Flammable

Material. The combustion reaction is Material. The combustion reaction is more rapid and confinement increases more rapid and confinement increases energy which enhances the explosive energy which enhances the explosive process.process.

UEL and LELUEL and LEL

• Explosive gases and vapors exhibit an explosive range which is the same as the flammable range.

• The UEL (Upper Explosive Limit) and the LEL (Lower Explosive Limit) are the same as UFL and LFL, but in confined areas.

• Again, CONFINEMENT is the Key!

Dose - ResponseDose - Response

• Toxic effects on human beings depends Toxic effects on human beings depends on the length and amount of on the length and amount of exposureexposure and the level of and the level of toxicitytoxicity (its lethal (its lethal dose) of the material. dose) of the material.

HAZARD = EXPOSURE + TOXICITYHAZARD = EXPOSURE + TOXICITY• Therefore, as the dose (length of Therefore, as the dose (length of

exposure and amount of exposure) exposure and amount of exposure) increases the human response increases the human response increases also. increases also.

IT’S MOVIE TIME!IT’S MOVIE TIME!

• “Introduction to Hazardous Chemicals”

• The Emergency Film Group, Plymouth, MA

• 508-746-0466

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CHEMICALSPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CHEMICALS

• One of the most ignored parts of an One of the most ignored parts of an MSDS is the part where Physical MSDS is the part where Physical Properties ofProperties of ChemicalsChemicals are listed. are listed.

• Most people do not understand Physical Most people do not understand Physical Properties. Properties.

• Evaluating risk on an incident depends Evaluating risk on an incident depends on understanding these properties.on understanding these properties.

Solubility/MiscibilitySolubility/Miscibility

• The amount of chemical The amount of chemical (solid, liquid, (solid, liquid, gas or vapor)gas or vapor) which can be dissolved which can be dissolved in water at 68°F. Measured in percent, in water at 68°F. Measured in percent, the higher the percentage, the more the higher the percentage, the more chemical that will dissolve in water.chemical that will dissolve in water.

• Example: Sugar is 100% soluable. Example: Sugar is 100% soluable. • Miscibility refers, specifically, to the Miscibility refers, specifically, to the

solubility of a solubility of a liquid.liquid.

Density and Specific Density and Specific GravityGravity

• The Density of a substance is its mass per unit volume, commonly expressed in grams per cubic centimeter (g/cc).

• The density of water is 1 g/cc. • Specific Gravity is the density of a

chemical compared to that of water. If the SpG is less than 1g/cc the chemical will float. If SpG is more than 1 g/cc it will sink.

Vapor DensityVapor Density

• The The DensityDensity of a gas or vapor can be of a gas or vapor can be compared to the ambient atmosphere. compared to the ambient atmosphere. If the density of a vapor or gas is If the density of a vapor or gas is greater than ambient air, it will tend to greater than ambient air, it will tend to settle. settle.

• If If Vapor DensityVapor Density is close to, or less is close to, or less than, ambient air it will rise or disperse than, ambient air it will rise or disperse in the atmosphere. in the atmosphere.

• Discuss hazards page 2-13.Discuss hazards page 2-13.

Vapor Density, continuedVapor Density, continued

• What are the hazards of a gas or vapor What are the hazards of a gas or vapor which will settle? Use which will settle? Use Carbon Carbon MonoxideMonoxide as an example. as an example.

• How about How about GasolineGasoline vapors? vapors?

Vapor PressureVapor Pressure

• Pressure exerted, by a vapor, on the Pressure exerted, by a vapor, on the sides of a closed container. sides of a closed container.

• It is Temperature Dependent. As It is Temperature Dependent. As temperature increases, so does Vapor temperature increases, so does Vapor Pressure.Pressure.

• The lower the boiling point of a liquid, The lower the boiling point of a liquid, the greater vapor pressure it will exert the greater vapor pressure it will exert at a given temperature.at a given temperature.

Vapor Pressure, Vapor Pressure, continuedcontinued

• Values for Values for Vapor PressureVapor Pressure are most are most often given as millimeters of mercury often given as millimeters of mercury (mm Hg).(mm Hg).

• NIOSH HandbookNIOSH Handbook• Examples: Ammonia- VP= 8.5 atm (p. Examples: Ammonia- VP= 8.5 atm (p.

262) 262) Carbon Monoxide (p. Carbon Monoxide (p. 54) 54)

Methyl hydrazine (p. 210)Methyl hydrazine (p. 210)Atmospheric Pressure - 760 mm Hg.Atmospheric Pressure - 760 mm Hg.

Boiling PointBoiling Point

• Temperature at which liquid changes to Temperature at which liquid changes to vapor. The temperature where the vapor. The temperature where the pressure of the liquid equals pressure of the liquid equals atmospheric pressure (760 mm Hg). atmospheric pressure (760 mm Hg).

• What it the boiling point of What it the boiling point of AmmoniaAmmonia??• What is the boiling point of What is the boiling point of Sulfuric Sulfuric

AcidAcid??• What is the What is the route of entryroute of entry for each of for each of

these?these?

Melting PointMelting Point

• Temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid. It is also the freezing point-depends on the direction of the change.

• Example: Water (ice) = 32°F

Flash PointFlash Point

• The minimum temperature at which a The minimum temperature at which a substance produces sufficient substance produces sufficient flammable vapors to ignite:flammable vapors to ignite:

• Highly FlammableHighly Flammable• Moderately FlammableModerately Flammable• Relatively InflammableRelatively Inflammable

Odor ThresholdOdor Threshold

• The minimum concentration of a The minimum concentration of a substance in air that can be detected by substance in air that can be detected by the human sense of smell. the human sense of smell.

• It is different for each person. It is different for each person. Ammonia= 5 ppm Ammonia= 5 ppm

Ethyl alcohol= 10 Ethyl alcohol= 10 ppm ppm

• The ACGIH STEL for Ammonia 25 ppm. The ACGIH STEL for Ammonia 25 ppm. What does this mean? What does this mean?

IDENTIFYING HAZARDSIDENTIFYING HAZARDS

Knowledge of the Hazards of various substance and an understanding of Physical

Properties can be the difference between life and death.

HAZARD COMMUNICATIONHAZARD COMMUNICATION

• This standard was created for you, because you have a “Right to Know” about hazardous materials you work with.

• Do your part and learn all you can about hazardous materials in your work areas.

• You know the sources of information- NOW USE THEM!

Documents

Hazardous Materials Communication Program (Employee Right-to-Know)