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MEDICAL SOCIOLOGY
The study of medicine, health and illness from the perspective of “the social”:
1) The study of the health industry,
including the practice of medicine and the implementation of health insurance
2) The social roots of health, disease, and mental illness
RATES OF MORTALITY AMONG WORKING AGE MEN CORRELATED WITH INCOME BELONGING TO THE LESS WELL
OFF HALF OF HOUSEHOLDS (1990s)
HEALTH & CLASS STATUS
• http://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/16/national/class/HEALTH-FINAL.html
The only county in Nova Scotia where the incidence of cancer for both women and men is significantly higher than the provincial average is Cape Breton County, the 5th poorest of 18 counties in Nova Scotia and the site of the Sydney Tar Ponds.
Nova Scotia has the second highest cancer death rate and the second lowest median provincial income.
Deaths per 100,000 people due to cancer, and median family income in hundreds of dollars, Canadian provinces, 2003
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
New Brunswick
Nova Scotia
Prince Edward Island
Quebec
Manitoba
Alberta
British Columbia
Ontario
Saskatchewan
Newfoundland
Class and Exposure to Environmental Risk: Nova
Scotia
Cancer rate Median income
People with HIV/AIDS, 2009 (adult prevalence in parentheses)
Total: 33.3 million (0.8%)
Western andCentral Europe 820,000 (0.2%)
North Africa & Middle East460,000 (0.2%)
Sub-Saharan Africa22.5 million (5.0%)
Eastern Europe & Central Asia1.4 million (0.8%)
South & South-East Asia
4.1 million (0.3%)
Oceania57,000 (0.3%)
North America1.5 million
(0.5%)Caribbean240,000 (1.0%)
South & Central America 2.0 million (0.6%)
East Asia770,000 (0.1%)
32 35 38 41 44 47 50 53 56 59 62 65 68 71 74 77 80 83 86 89
Europe 1600
Lesotho 2009
India 2009
China 2009
Russia 2009 USA 2009
Japan 2009
Canada 2009
Canada 2050
Canada 1867
Life Expectancy, Selected Countries and Years
Class, Illness and DeathClass, Illness and Death Human-environmental factors, such as
industrial pollution Lifestyle factors, such as smoking cigarettes,
excessive use of alcohol and drugs, poor diet, lack of exercise, and social isolation.
Factors related to public health system (government-run programs that ensure clean drinking water, sewage and sanitation services, inoculation against infectious diseases, etc.) and healthcare system (clinics, hospitals and other facilities)
Selected Social Causes and Selected Social Causes and Consequences of Height Consequences of Height
in Human Populationsin Human Populations
HeightProximate social causes
diet
disease
work intensity
Basic social causes
income
inequality
public health
personal hygiene
quality of environment
Social consequences
life expectancy
health
cognitive development
personality
Percent of Adults Who are Overweight, Selected Countries, 2007
Percent
1.0% increase, 2001-07 2.3% increase, 2001-07
Overweight adults have a body mass index (BMI) of 25 or higher (BMI = weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in metres).
Percent of Canadian Adults Who are Obese, by Province, 2004
Obese adults have a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or higher (BMI = weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in metres).
Height, Weight and Social Height, Weight and Social StatusStatus
On average, high family income results in good diet; good diet increases stature;
tall people live longer, earn more, and reach the top of their profession more quickly than short people;
overweight women complete fewer months of formal education, earn less, and are less likely to marry than women who are not overweight (overweight men are less likely to marry)
Important TermsImportant Terms
impaired = deficient in physical or mental capacity compared to the norms of society
disabled = incapable of performing within the range of “normal” human activity
ablism = prejudice and discrimination against the disabled
Societal Responses to DisabilitySocietal Responses to Disability Rehabilitation involves curing disabilities
through medical and technological intervention; trying to improve the lives of the disabled by means of care, training, and education; and integrating the disabled into "normal" society.
Elimination involves killing the disabled or sterilizing them and preventing them from having offspring.
Normalization involves disabled people asserting their autonomy and the "dignity of difference."