HealthDisease Education (Communicable/Noncommunicable Diseases)

LESSON 10: Health Benefits in Science Technology..............LESSON 11: Communicable Diseases: Combat Them.......LESSON 12: Noncommunicable Diseases: Lifestyle Diseases.LESSON 13: Herbal Medicine: An Alternative Cure...................LESSON 14: Professional Services for a Healthy Community......

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LESSON 10

“Health Benefits in Science and Technology”

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OBJECTIVE:Cite the health benefits of advances brought by science and technology.

Prevention of communicable diseases and the prolongation if human life is one of the greatest contributions of modern science. Some Communicable diseases can be treated by science are:

Chicken pox Tuberculosis Cholera Malaria Measles

Communicable diseases that can be treated and controlled through immunization

Mumps Whooping coughs Diphtheria Rubella or German measles Polio Hepatitis

Health today can be improved through surgery and meditation, modern techniques in the prevention of diseases, heart surgery and modern equipments such as laser and bio-energizer.

The invention of laser beam has proven to be invaluable in the field of medicine, Irradiation with accelerated carbon ions can easily target a tumor and destroy it

without sacrificing the surrounding tissues. According to Cowan, ion beam cancer therapies are far more precise in treating

cancer than conventional therapies. Tests that provides essential information to aid in the diagnosis of illness and the

selection of appropriate treatment. These are Complete blood cell count (CBC) - determines the number and types of

cells in the blood. Urinalysis - is a microscopic examination and chemical analysis of the

urine. The presence of sugar, protein, and other substances are determined using chemical analysis.

Electrocardiogram (ECG) - is a visual record of the heart’s electrical impulses, which control the rate and rhythm of beating.

Biopsy - is the removal of a small sample of tissue for examination under a microscope.

Angiography – (also called arteriography) is a visualization of the blood vessels, usually by introduction of a catheter that is inserted directly into blood vessels.

Electroencephalogram (EEG) – is a visual record of electrical impulses discharged by braincells.

Endoscopy – is a method of directly viewing the inside of hollow organs by inserting an endoscope into the organ.

Nuclear Medicine Scanning (or Radioisotope) – used primarily as a diagnostic tool to detect tumors, blood clots and malfunctioning of organs in the body.

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Ultasonography – often called ultrasound, is a method of visualizing the structures of the body by recording the reflections of high frequency sound waves of those structures.

Mammography – is a simple, generally painless examination of the breast by means of special X-ray machine that is designed to be used for soft tissues.

Pap smear Test – involves scrapping some cells from the surface of the area where the cervix opens into the vagina.

Acupuncture - an ancient system of healing that had developed for over thousands of years as part of the traditional medicine of China.

Chiropractic treatment – is the diagnosis and manipulative treatment of mechanical disorders of the joints, especially the spinal column.

Modern Technologies That Help in the Control of DiseasesDifferent discoveries in the field of science and medicine helped a lot in the bottle

against communicable diseases, as well as in the prolongation of human life. Modern Treatment

♥ Acupuncture♥ Heart bypass♥ Endorphin♥ Fibrin♥ Cobalt 60♥ Chemotherapy♥ Radiation♥ Liquid Nitrogen♥ Transplant

Modern Apparatus ♣ X-ray♣ Laser♣ Key cell bio-energizer♣ Electrocardiography♣ Electroencephalography♣ Ultrasound♣ Scanner

Scientists who contributed greatly in the field of medicine and health Anton Van Leeuwenhoek (1676 ) – invented the microscope Robert Hook (1678) – developed the first compound microscope Louis Pasteur (1861) – Father of Bacteriology; discovered the cure to rabies Joseph Lister (1867) – introduced the value of sterilization and aseptic

precaution Edward Jenner (1796) – introduced the first vaccine using cowpox to

immunize small pox. Paul Ehrlich (1910) – pioneered the technique of chemotherapy which deals

with the use of chemicals for the treatment and control of diseases-causing organisms

Alexander Fleming (1928) – discovered an antibiotic penicillin William Einthoven (1911) – invented the electrocardiograph Jonas Salk (1953) – developed the first vaccine against polio-myelitis

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Christian Barnard (1967) – performed the first successful heart transplant on human being

Dr. Peter Safar (late 1950s) – Father of CPR; proposed the A-B-C (airway, breathing, circulation) sequence of resuscitation, including the technique of “mouth-to-mouth” resuscitation

Dr. Patricia Bath (1981) – ophthalmologic surgeon; invented the Laserphaco Probe, a surgical tool that uses a laser to vaporize cataracts via a tiny, 1-millimeter insertion into a patient’s eyeWillen J. Kolff (1950s) – medical researcher; invented the artificial kidney dialysis machine; also invented the artificial heart in 1957

Gertrude Elion (1954) – patented the leukemia-fighting drug 6-mercaptopurine and has made other significant contributions in the field of medicine; in 1998, she was awarded the Nobel Prize in medicine with George Hitchings and Sir James Black

Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen (1973) – invented the technique of DNA cloning. Which allowed genes to be transplanted between different biological species? Their discovery signalled the birth of genetic engineering

Frederick Banting (1921-22) – co-inventor of insulin, together with Charles Best, Prof. J.J.R. Macleod and Dr. James Collip. Insulin is a hormone produced in the pancreas and is used in treating diabetic patients.

Dr. Raymond V. Damadian (1970) – invented the MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) scanning machine

Dr. Karl Theodore Dussik (1942) – Austrian physician; published the first paper on medical ultrasonics, that paved the way to the production of ultrasound

Professor Ian Donald of Scotland (1950s) – developed practical technology and applications for ultrasound.

Fill in the blank.

1. Communicable diseases like measles, mumps, polio, hepatitis, etc. can be prevented through _________________.

2. __________________ invented the MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging).3. __________________ was invented by Dr. Patricia Bath that uses a laser to treat cataract

patients.4. The technique of DNA cloning was invented by ______________ in 1973.5. __________________ is the surgeon who performed the first successful heart transplant on

a human being.

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LESSON 11“Communicable Diseases:

Combat Them”

After realizing the health benefits from modern technology, we are now ready to discuss communicable diseases.

Disease – an illness that affects our body and mind.- can cause great harm on the individual.

Some diseases can also be passed from one person to another.

Communicable and Noncommunicable Diseases Diseases can be classified as communicable diseases and

noncommunicable diseases. Communicable diseases , also known as infectious diseases, are

contagious; that is they can be passed or transmitted from one person to another through direct and indirect means.

They can be transmitted by:♥ skin contact♥ through body fluids♥ in contaminated food or drink

Animals or insect bites are also agents of transmission of:♥ Colds♥ Pneumonia♥ AIDS♥ Flu♥ Hepatitis♥ Cholera♥ Malaria

They are caused by a microorganism capable of causing diseases that are invades the body. The two most common types of infectious diseases:

♥ Bacterial infections♥ Viral infections

Noncommunicable diseases:

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OBJECTIVE: To know the common communicable diseases that may have in our community.

1. heart attack2. hypertension3. stroke4. cancer5. diabetes

They are caused by malfunctioning and abnormal conditions of the body. These diseases are considered as lifestyle diseases. Tree leading causes of death in this era are:

1. cancer2. heart disease3. circulatory diseases

Communicable Diseases Illness that can be transferred or passed on from one person to another. Germs that can cause diseases are:

Bacteria – tiny one-celled organisms that grow anywhere.Viruses – most common causes of communicable diseases.Fungi – are simple life forms that cannot make their own food.Protozoa – are simple, animal-like organisms.

Common Communicable Diseases Colds – most common communicable disease caused by a hundred different

viruses. They are spread through air and water through contact with someone who is a carrier.

Pneumonia – is a serious disease of the lungs that can be caused by either bacteria or viruses. This causes difficulty in breathing.

Influenza or flu – a serious illness caused by viruses. Thos lowers the body’s resistance to bacterial infection.

Mononucleosis – or the “kissing disease”. This is a diseases common among young people caused by a virus that results in a high number of white-blood cells in the body.

Hepatitis – is a kind of disease that involves the swelling of the liver. There are two main kinds of hepatitis:

Hepatitis A – caused by a virus that are often enters the body through contaminated food or dirty water. Some symptoms include loss of appetite, weakness, fatigue, vomiting and yellowish skin.

Hepatitis B – this is spread through contact with body fluids of an infected person.

Malaria – caused by protozoa through the bites of mosquitoes. Symptoms of this include chilling, high fever and headache.

Cholera – caused by bacteria which usually infect a person as he drinks water which contains feces or solid waste of people or eats food which has been washed with contaminated water.

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AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) – a deadly disease that interferes with the body’s natural ability to fight infection. It is caused by virus known as the human immune deficiency virus or HIV. It is a very serious disease that leads to death but can be prevented.

How Communicable Diseases are spreadby air – persons who cough or sneeze spread germs through the airthrough people – direct contact with a person who is infected with the virusthrough contact with animals – through insect bites such as those of mosquitoes and bites from infected animalsthrough contaminated water and food – microorganisms such as bacteria and protozoa thrive in water

Health Measures to Prevent and Control Communicable Disease

Practice good health habits bathe everyday, get plenty of rest and exercise eat a balanced diet use your own eating or drinking utensils observe your finger food preparation and cooking undergo regular check-upPractice good behavior to protect others stay home when sick cover the mouth when coughing or sneezing

* Matching Type.

A B1. Also known as infectious diseases a. Mononucleosis2. a living organism that is so smallthat can be seen only with a microscope b. AIDS3. simple life forms that cannotmake their own food c. Communicable disease4. Kissing diseases d. microorganisms

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5. Deadly disease e. fungi

LESSON 12:Noncommunicable

Diseases: Lifestyle Diseases

Noncommunicable Diseases Noncommunicable diseases – are not caused by pathogens but rather, by how

people live, by conditions with they are born or by the hazards around them. It also includes diseases caused by a breakdown of the body tissues, poor diet, environmental and occupational hazards, stress and tension.

Common Noncommunicable DiseasesCardiovascular disease – the disease of the heart and blood vessels. These include arteriosclerosis, hypertension, heart attack, and stroke.

Arteriosclerosis – is the hardening or the arteries.Heart attack – occurs when the heart muscle tissue dies from lack of oxygen because of reduced blood flow.Hypertension or high blood pressure – occurs when blood pressure is higher than normal. Blood pressure is the force of the blood on the inside walls if the blood vessels.Stroke – occurs when a clot blocks a small blood vessel in the brain, thus brain cells die from lack of oxygen. It can cause a person inability to move (paralysis).

Cancer is caused by abnormal cells growing without control. As these abnormal cells grow, they form in masses called tumors. Tumors can either be:a. Benignb. Malignant

Warning Signs of Cancer:MOST COMMON CANCERS

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OBJECTIVES:To know the different or the common noncommunicable diseases that may result to death.

Where it Occurs How Common It Is How Curable It Is1. Skin most common 95 percent of treated

persons recovered2. Colon and rectum second most common

mostly in men but increasingly in women

about half treated persons lived for 5 years or longer after treatment

3. Lungs mostly in women only about 10 percent patients lived

4. Breast most common in women about 70 percent of treated females recovered

5. Reproductive organ male – prostate gland, testiclesfemale - cervix

more than 60 percent of patients treated recovered

6. Bone marrow (leukemia) and lymphoma

most common type in children

About 85 percent of treated patients lived; rate of cures improving for leukemia; rate for lymphoma is 90 percent

change in bowel or bladder habitsa sore that does not healunusual bleeding or dischargethickening or lump in breast or elsewhereindigestion or difficulty in swallowingobvious change in a wart or molenagging cough or hoarseness

Cancer may be diagnosed in many different ways:Biopsy – the doctor may take a piece of tissue for examination under the microscope.Curretage – a tissue from within the body is removed for analysisX-ray – is invaluable in detecting cancer.

Treatment of CancerSurgeryRadiation Therapy or radiotherapyDrug Therapy or chemotherapy

Diabetes is a disease that prevents the body from converting food into energy. Carbohydrates are normally changed into a simple sugar called glucose. Insulin, the hormone produced in the pancreas, regulates the level of glucose in the blood.

Type I Diabetes – is the result of little or no insulin produced by the pancreas. This kind of diabetes usually begins in childhood or youth.

Type II Diabetes – is the result of too little insulin produced by the pancreas or failure of the insulin to function normally. Most often it begins in overweight adults.

Symptoms of diabetes

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Excess production of urine Excessive thirst Excessive hunger Lack of energy Weight loss Shortness of breath

Dry, itchy skin

Arthritis is refers to the inflammation of a joint(s). it usually occurs during old age.

Rheumatoid arthritis – causes pain and swelling ion many joints throughout the body.

Osteoarthritis – is a disease of older people. It results from the wear and tear on the joints, especially those of the hips, knees, and fingers. This cause severe pain

*IDENTIFICATION

1. Occurs when the heart muscle tissue dies from lack of oxygen because reduced blood flow.2-7. Most Common Cancers8. Disease that prevents the body from converting food into energy.9. Inflammation of a joint(s), usually occurs during old age.10. Important method of cancer treatmen.

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LESSON 13:Herbal Medicine: An

Alternative Cure

Common Medicinal PlantsMedicinal plants are inexpensive, effective and safe when properly used.

Following instructions on the proper preparation and administration is necessary to obtain the best results. However, if symptoms persist, it would be best to consult a doctor.

A.For FeverMedicinal Plants Preparation How to Use

1. Camias (Kamyas)_

Take 2-4 handfuls of fresh leaves. Boil in 2 glassfuls of water for 5 minutes. Add water to make the decoction lukewarm.

♥ Give the patient a sponge bath using the decoction. Do this at least once a day, until fever subsides.

2. Star Fruit (Balimbing)

Take 2-4 handfuls of fresh leaves. Boil for 5 minutes in 4 glasses of water. Add water to make a lukewarm solution.

♥ With the decoction, give the patient a sponge bath. Do this once or twice daily.

3. Tamarind (Sampalok)

Boil 2-4 handfuls of leaves in 3 glassfuls of water for 5 minutes. Add water to make the decoction lukewarm.

♥ Give a sponge bath for the sick. Do it once or twice daily.

B. For HeadachesWorm Wood (Damong Maria)

Crush some fresh leaves. Add a few drops of cooking oil. Heat slightly.

♥ Apply on forehead and temples. Keep in place with gauze or strip of cloth.

C. For ConstipationTamarind (Sampalok)

Collect enough ripe fruit ♥ Eat the Fruit and wash down with water.

D. For Cough1. Chinese Squeeze 2 or 3 fruits into a glass ♥ Fruit Drink – Repeat 3 or

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OBJECTIVES:To know how to use the different medicinal plants as an alternative cure.To know where must be this medicinal plants or herbs must be use a treatment.

Orange (Kalamansi)

of warm water. Sweeten taste by adding sugar.

4 times a day

2. Ginger (Luya) Take 2 pieces of thumbsized ginger and boil in 4 glassfuls of water for 5 minutes.

♥ Divide the decoction into 3 equal portions and drink 3 times a day

3. Mango (Mangga)

Boil chopped leaves in 2 glassfuls of water for 5 minutes. Cool and strain.

♥ Divide into 3 portions.Drink 3 times daily.

4. Tamarind (Sampalok)

Boil chopped leaves in 2 glassfuls of water for 15 minutes. Cool and strain.

♥ Drink the decoction 3 times daily.

E. For Diarrhea1. Guava (Bayabas)

Boil chopped leaves in 2 glasses of water for 15 minutes. Cool and strain.

♥ Divide decoction into 2 parts. Drink every 3 to 4 hours.

2. Star Apple (Kaymito)

Boil chopped leaves in 2 glasses of water for 15 minutes. Cool and strain.

♥ Divide the decoction 4 equal portions. Drink each portion after every 2 or 3 hours.

3. Mango (Mangga)

Boil 2 teaspoons of chopped tree bark or 4 teaspoons of chopped seed (core) of the mango fruit in 2 glasses of water. Let it boil until water is down to half the original quantity. Cool and strain.

♥ Drink ¼ glass of decoction 3-4 times daily

F. For Toothache1.Guava (Bayabas)

Take 2-3 fresh guava shoots. Wash well.

♥ Chew and allow settling on aching tooth.

2.Garlic (Bawang) Pound 1 small clove of fresh garlic. ♥ Insert into a cavity of aching tooth. If pain persists, change garlic after 2 hours.

G. For Wounds1. worm Wood (Damong Maria)

Boil 2 handfuls of chopped leaves in a small pot for 5 minutes. Cool and strain.

♥ Wash the wound with the decoction. Do this once or twice daily.

2. Tamarind (Sampalok)

Boil 1 to 3 handfuls of chopped leaves in a small pot for 5 minutes. Cool and strain.

♥ Wash the wound with the decoction. Do this once or twice daily.

H. For Cuts and Scrapes1. Ginger (Luya) Pound enough fresh ginger.

Squeeze the juice out.♥ Apply on scrapes or shallow cuts.

2. Tamarind (Sampalok)

Boil 1 handful of leaves in 4 glasses of water for 25 minutes.

♥ Wash cuts and scrapes with decoction.

i. For Joint Pains and Rheumatism1. Ginger (Luya) Pound a few pieces of fresh

ginger. Heat slightly.♥ Apply directly on the affected part of the skin

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twice daily.2. Garlic (Bawang)

Pound a few pieces of fresh garlic. Heat slightly

♥ Apply on the affected part at night or when pain is felt.

J. For Gas Pains1. Wormwood (Damong Maria)

Drop 4 fresh or 8 dried leaves in a pot with 1 glassful of water. Boil. Cool and strain.

♥ Drink slightly warm decoction. Repeat once or twice a day.

2. Ginger (Luya) Boil 1 teaspoon of chopped root in water for 5 minutes. Cool and strain.

♥ Drink the decoction.

Herbal Medicine Approved by the Department of Health1. Akapulco (Cassia Alata) – also known as “bayabas-bayabasan” and

“ringworm bush” in English, it is used to treat ringworms and skin fungal infections.

2. Amapalaya (Momordica Charantia) – known as a “bitter gourd” or “bitter melon” in English, it is most known as a treatment of diabetes, for the non-insulin dependent.

3. Bawang (Allium Sativum) – popularly known as “garlic”. It mainly reduces cholesterol in the blood ang hence, helps control blood pressure.

4. Bayabas (Psidium Guajava) – “guava” in English. It is primarily used as an antiseptic, to disinfect wounds. Also, it can be used as a mouth wash to threat tooth decay and gum infection.

5. Lagundi (Vitex Negundo) – “5- leaved chaste tree” in English. Its main use is for relief cough and asthma.

6. Niyog-niyogan (Quisqualis Indica) – is a vine known as “Chinese honey suckle” in English, it is effective in the elimination of intestinal worms, particularly the Ascaris and Trichina.

7. Sambong (Blumea Balsamifera) – English name: Blumea Camphora. A diuretic that helps in the excreation of urinary stones. It can also be used as an edema.

8. Tsaang Gubat (Ehretia Microphylla Lam.) – prepared like tea, it is effective in treating intestinal motility and also used as a mouth wash since the leaves of this shrub has high fluoride content.

9. Ulasimong Bato (Peperomia Pellucida) – also known as “pansit-pansitan”, it is effective in fighting arthritis and gout.

10. Yerba Buena (Clinopodium Douglasii) – Peppermint in English, this vine is used as analgesic to relieve body aches and pain.

Tips on Handling Medicinal Plants/HerbsIf possible, buy help that are grown organically – without pesticidesMedicinal parts of plants are best harvested on sunny mornings. Avoid picking leaves, fruits or nuts during and after heavy rainfall.Leaves, fruits, flowers or nuts must be mature before harvesting. Less medicinal substances are found on young parts.

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After harvesting, if drying is required, it i8s available to dry the plant parts either in the oven or air-fried on screens above ground and never on concrete floors.Store plant parts in salad plastic bags or brown bottles in a cool dry place without preferably with a moisture absorbent material like charcoal. Leaves and other plant parts that are prepared properly, well dried and stored can be used up to six months.

Tips onUse only half the dosage prescribed for fresh parts like leaves when using dried parts.Do not use stainless steel utensils when boiling decoctions. Only use earthen, enameled, glass or alike utensils.As a rule of thumb, when boiling leaves and other plant parts, do not cover the pot and boil in low plain.Decoctions lose potency after some time. Dispose of decoctions after one day. To keep fresh during the day, keep lukewarm in a flask or thermos.

Always consult a doctor id symptoms persist or if any sign of allergic reaction develops.

Identify where the given medicinal plant must be use as a cure. Put a check ()

MedicinalPlant

Fever Head-ache

Cons-tipa-tion

cough Dia-rrhea

Tooth-ache

Wounds Cuts&Scrapes

JointPains

GasPains

1.Tamarind

2.Wormwood3.Ginger

4.Garlic

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5.Mango

LESSON 14:Professional Services for a

Healthy Community

Laws and ordinances are made to protect people’s health.The following are some regulatory laws in maintaining one’s health:1. Laws requiring owners and workers of food establishments to secure licenses

which prove that their foods are healthy.2. Laws requiring all meat products and fishes to be inspected before being sold

in the market.3. Laws banning the overuse of insecticides in vegetables that are newly

planted.4. Laws about testing and informing the public on the condition of marine life like

the presence of the red tide.5. Laws on zoning different places as to residential, commercial or

entertainment.6. Laws on having a school doctor and dentist for the maintenance of the health

of the student and the community.7. Laws that subject the owner of any business establishment to obey the

regulatory laws regarding the health condition of their workers, among which are:

a. Eight working hoursb. Half-day on Saturday (private corporation)c. Additional payment on overtime work

8. Laws on women and child labor.9. Laws prohibiting smoke-belching.10. Laws on the abuse of illegal drugs in the community.11. Laws prohibiting the kaingin system, disposal of waste on streets and

esteros, dynamite fishing and deforestation.12. Laws regarding the dissemination of information about population in schools.

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OBJECTIVES:To recognize the significance of regulatory laws in maintaining community health

13. Laws organizing a movement on clean-up drives, reforestation, green revolution and planting of medicinal plants.

HEALTH SERVICES PROVIDED BY THE PROFESSIONALSHaving good health does not depend only on observing proper health care

practices. Care and guidance of professional doctors are also important. Because of his or her knowledge and specialization, a doctor knows best the physical condition of every patient. He can give basic medical care and guidance. He can also make recommendations for referral to doctors with training and knowledge in treating certain diseases. Among the professional health specialists are:

Obstetrician – specialist in caring for the mother before, during and immediately after childbirth.Gynecologist – specialist in women’s diseases especially in the female reproductive organs and urinary disorders.Pediatrician – specialist in the health and illness of children.Ophthalmologist – specialist in treating eye diseases.Neurologist – specialist in diagnosing and treating disorders of the nervous system.Psychiatrist – specialist in the treatment of mental and emotional disorders.

Aside from the specialist, asking the help of related health professionals, like nurses, dentists, pharmacists and health teachers is of great help. They can also give information regarding some health problems.

SOME AGENCIES THAT PROVIDE HEALTH SERVICES

Department of HealthIs the primary government agency responsible for the equitable, sustainable, and quality health for all Filipinos.Its main office is located in thaw San Lazaro Hospital compound in Sta. Cruz, Manila. It has also local departments in every region and provinces.There are doctors, nurses, midwives, dentists, and other health workers assigned to serve the people.

The health services of the department:a. Medical and dental servicesb. Health servicesc. Health education and manpower servicesd. Research and laboratory centere. Center for cancer controlf. Center for tuberculosis controlg. Nutrition servicesh. Dermatology research and training servicesi. Nutrition, family planning and natal care servicesj. Malaria control services

There are also some organizations that are responsible for specific areas in the health care and medicine. These are;

Philippine Medical Association

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Philippine Dental Association (PDA)Barangay Health CentersPhilippine Cancer SocietyPhilippine Tuberculosis SocietyPhilippine Lung CenterKidney Institute of the Philippines

Some Existing Ordinances in the Community1. Improper throwing of garbage in sealed plastic bags is prohibited.2. Throwing wastes in canals, drainage and rivers are also prohibited.3. Placing waste cans in all public vehicles and places is greatly encouraged.4. Implementation of sorting out garbage into biodegradable and

nonbiodegradable materials is requirement in all establishments.5. Smoking inside the school premises is prohibited.

* IDENTIFICATION1. Specialist in the treatment of mental and emotional disorders.2. Specialist in the health and illness of children3. Specialist in caring for the mother before, during and immediately after childbirth.4. Specialist in diagnosing and treating disorders of the nervous system.5. Specialist in women’s diseases especially in the female reproductive organs and urinary disorders.

* ENUMERATION6-10 – Health Services of the Department of Health

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