Health Promotion & Disease Prevention

8/6/2019 Health Promotion & Disease Prevention

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HEALTH PROMOTION & DISEASE

PREVENTION

Medical Surgical Nursing


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CONCEPT OF HEALTH

WHO define Health as is a state of

complete physical, mental, and social well

being and not merely the absence of disease

or infirmity

High-Level Wellness is further

conceptualized as self-actualization and

maximization of persons potential.


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DEFINITION OF HEALTH Kings Goal Attainment Theory

Health is a dynamic life experience. Dynamic implies continuous adjustment to stressors in internal and external

environment and the use of ones resources to achieve maximum potential.

Leiningers transcultural Model

Health refers to belief,values, and action patterns that are culturally known and used to preserve and maintain

personal or group well-being and to perform daily role activities.

Levines Conservation Principles

Health is defined in terms of an ANGLO_SAXON word meaning WHOLE. Patterns of wholeness change with growth and

development. Health and disease patterns reflect adaptive changes.

Neumans System ModelHealth is a condition in which the parts and subparts of the whole person are in harmony

Newmans Health as expanding ConsciousnessHealth is composed of a pattern of human environment interaction in which the person is evolving or transforming to

higher levels of consciousness characterized by new levels of undersatnding and decision making capacity.

Orem Self-Care ModelHealth is a State of wholeness, including a persons parts and modes of functioning


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DEFINITION OF HEALTH

Penders health promotion Model

Health is a manifestation of evolving pattern of person-environment interaction throughout the life span

Rogers Unitary Person Model

Health and Illness are seen as expressions of the interaction of a person and the environment in the

process of unfolding consciousness.

Roys adaptation Model

Health is a process or state of being and a process of becoming an integrated whole.

Watsons Model ofHuman CaringHealth is more than the absence of disease. It is a harmony within the mind, body and soul.


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CONCEPT OF WELLNESS

Accdg. To Dunn,

High level wellness is an integrated method of

functioning which is oriented towards maximizing the

potential of which the individual is capable within theenvironment where he is functioning

Accdg to Travis in his Wellness Model,

Wellness requires attention;it does not happen

automatically


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WELLNESS MODEL(TRAVIS)

Illness Neutral point High Level

Wellness

Premature death Extended life

No discernible

illness or wellness

Signs Awareness

Symptoms Education

Disabilities Self-actualization


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CONCEPT OF DISEASE & ILLNESS Illness is a state of being with social and psychological as well

as biomedical components.

A person can have a disease without feeling ill.


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PERCEPTION OF HEALTH

Smiths 4 Client Model ofHealth

Clinical ModelA client consider themselves healthy if they are free from the Clinical signs &

Symptoms of Illness

Adaptive ModelA client consider themselves healthy if they are able to adapt to Day-to-day Challenges of

environment and the unexpected events

Role-performance ModelA client consider themselves healthy if they can Function well in all of their roles

Eudaimonistic modelA client consider themselves healthy if they are manifesting

Happiness,Cheerfulness and Full of energy


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STRATEGIES FOR PROMOTING HEALTHY

BEHAVIOR Self-Management Support Strategies

-evidence-based strategies that helps a client changes his behaviors towardshealth.

Categories of skills needed by the client to care for themselves

1.Medical/Behavioral Management

ability to manage the conditions of health

2. Role Management

ability to make changes in life roles

3.Affective/emotional

ability to accept the illness or health challenge and to manage the emotions that

come with the challenge.


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HEALTH PROMOTION

Healthy EatingNutritional Labels

Foods and DrugAdministration (FDA) is designed to assist consumers in making

informed decisions regarding the foods they purchase.

Health Problem concerning Poor eating patterns

Obesity

Management

Improve Quality versus Quantity of foods eaten

1.Decreasing portion size2.Modify the composition of the diet through substitution and modification of foods

consumed

3.Changing eating behaviors

Improve activity Patterns


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Assessment

Clients current eating patterns

1.24 hour diet recall

- ideal for obtaining information at the time of the nurse-client encounter

2. 3-day dietary log

- includes not only what food was eaten by the client but also when, why, and how the

client ate.

Intervention

Change the foods eaten should include substituting foods(e.g., carrots for candy)

Increasing certain food(e.g, fruits & vegetables)

Decreasing other foods(e.g., fats)

Modifying eating circumstances ( e.g. adding a breakfast meal, not eating after the evening

meal, setting the eating utensil down between bites, and eating only at the table)

Diet & Management of Risk for Disease

High in fats, even the absence of obesity, are associated with increased risk of coronary heart

disease

American Cancer Society recommends decreasing the risk for cancer by eating a variety of

fruit and vegetables daily, choosing whole grains, limiting consumption of red meats, and

choosing foods that help maintain a healthy weight.


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STRESS Stress

-the body response to demands

Negative Effect of Stress

Behavioral Responses (decreased ability to think clearly and function, increased tobacco and

alcohol use, overeating and disrupted sleep patterns)

Emotional Responses ( depression, anger, decreased self-esteem, apathy, and impatience)

Physical Responses ( tight, sore neck and shoulder ,muscles, increased blood pressure and

heart rate, palpitations, chest discomfort, headaches, gastrointestinal upset and fatigue)

Assessment

Get the history of the cognitive, emotional, and physical manifestation

Assess the problem or situation that seems to precipitate stress

Coping mechanism used by the client


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Intervention

Stress Management

Stress resistance

-involves decreasing the bodys response to stress; adopting healthy eating patterns, engaging inphysical activity, and using relaxation techniques can help reduce the stress response.

Positive stressor activity that requires an adaptive response when perform properly and it results

in physical changes that counter the normally negative effects of stress.

Progressive Relaxation technique of slowly focusing on each muscle group, tensing the muscles

for 5 to 7 seconds, and then relaxng them.

Meditation once considered an alternative practice, is an established relaxation therapy.Cognitive Reappraisal ( Restructuring)

- the goal is to change the perception or interpretation of events as stressors.

Thought stopping

Refuting irrational Ideas

Guided imagery

Effective coping-involves recognition of the problem causing stress and, through problem solving skills, development

and implementation of a effective strategy to cope with or solve the problem


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DISEASE PREVENTION Accidents

- leading cause of death in young & middle aged adult.

Alcohol Abuse

Screening tool in assessing problem in alcohol Drinking

C Have you ever felt you ought to CUT down drinking?

A Have people ANNOYED you by criticizing your drinking?

G - Have you ever felt GUILTYabout your drinking?

E Have you ever had a drink first thing in the morning to steady your nerves or

get rid of a hangover ( EYE OPENER)?

Documents

Health Promotion & Disease Prevention