Health Promotion in Action

8/8/2019 Health Promotion in Action

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HEALTH PROMOTION INHEALTH PROMOTION IN

ACTION: PRACTICALACTION: PRACTICAL

IDEAS ON PROGRAMMEIDEAS ON PROGRAMME

IMPLEMENTATIONIMPLEMENTATION


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HEALTH PROMOTION:HEALTH PROMOTION:

WHERE DO WE START?WHERE DO WE START? From disease/conditions.From disease/conditions.

From issues eg. Safety, environment, tobaccoFrom issues eg. Safety, environment, tobaccocontrol.control.

From lifestyles.From lifestyles.

From settings eg.From settings eg. workplaceworkplace

homehome

schoolsschoolsclinicsclinics


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WHY SETTINGS?WHY SETTINGS?

Human health behaviour is determined by the physicalHuman health behaviour is determined by the physicaland social forces which are present and interacting inand social forces which are present and interacting in

any setting.any setting.

Involves the target population as a whole in the contextInvolves the target population as a whole in the contextof their everyday life and in their unique environment.of their everyday life and in their unique environment.

Holistic and comprehensive approach.Holistic and comprehensive approach.


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SETTINGS FOR HEALTHSETTINGS FOR HEALTH

This approach to health promotion arose fromThis approach to health promotion arose fromthethe Ottawa Charter:Ottawa Charter:

Health is created and lived by people withinHealth is created and lived by people within

the settings of their everyday life; where theythe settings of their everyday life; where they

learn, work, play and love.learn, work, play and love.


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SETTINGS FOR HEALTHSETTINGS FOR HEALTH

The Settings For Health approach in concernedThe Settings For Health approach in concernedwith creating health in our different settings.with creating health in our different settings.

Examples of Healthy Setting are:Examples of Healthy Setting are: Healthy CitiesHealthy Cities

Healthy VillagesHealthy Villages

Healthy IslandsHealthy Islands

Health Promoting HospitalsHealth Promoting Hospitals

Health Promoting SchoolsHealth Promoting Schools


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WHAT IS A HEALTHY CITY?WHAT IS A HEALTHY CITY?

A Healthy City is one that improves itsA Healthy City is one that improves its

environment and expands its resourcesenvironment and expands its resources

so that people can support each other inso that people can support each other inachieving their highest potential Aachieving their highest potential A

Healthy City is conscious of health as anHealthy City is conscious of health as an

urban issue and is striving to improve it.urban issue and is striving to improve it.

Any city can be a healthy if it isAny city can be a healthy if it iscommitted to health.committed to health.


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Healthy CitiesHealthy CitiesThe Healthy Cities project was the first settings project toThe Healthy Cities project was the first settings project to

arise from the Ottawa Charter.arise from the Ottawa Charter.

Over a thousand cities worldwide are working on thisOver a thousand cities worldwide are working on this

project.project.

The Healthy Cities project was first initiated in MalaysiaThe Healthy Cities project was first initiated in Malaysiain 1994. Two cities, Johor Bahru and Kuching, werein 1994. Two cities, Johor Bahru and Kuching, were

initially selected.initially selected.

Currently, many Healthy Cities projects are beingCurrently, many Healthy Cities projects are beingundertaken throughout Malaysia, involving cities/townsundertaken throughout Malaysia, involving cities/towns

like Kota Bahru, Kuala Terengganu, Georgetown,like Kota Bahru, Kuala Terengganu, Georgetown,

Kuantan, Malacca, Petaling Jaya, Miri, Seremban, Ipoh,Kuantan, Malacca, Petaling Jaya, Miri, Seremban, Ipoh,and Kuala Lumpur.and Kuala Lumpur.


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The Aims of Healthy CitiesThe Aims of Healthy Cities

ProjectProjectTo minimise health hazards in urban areas throughTo minimise health hazards in urban areas through

integration of health and environmental protectionintegration of health and environmental protection

measures in urban planning and managementmeasures in urban planning and management

processes.processes.

To enhance the quality of the physical and socialTo enhance the quality of the physical and socialenvironment.environment.


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To increase public awareness towards healthier behaviours,To increase public awareness towards healthier behaviours,

lifestyles and habits.lifestyles and habits.

To improve the provision of health services by developingTo improve the provision of health services by developingappropriate urban health care systems.appropriate urban health care systems.

To upgrade the countrys capabilities to improve urbanTo upgrade the countrys capabilities to improve urbanhealth through better intersectoral coordination andhealth through better intersectoral coordination and

participation.participation.

h i f l hTh T Si f H l h


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The Ten Signs of a HealthyThe Ten Signs of a Healthy

CityCity1. A clean, safe physical environment of high1. A clean, safe physical environment of high

quality (including housing quality).quality (including housing quality).

2. An ecosystem that is stable now and sustainable2. An ecosystem that is stable now and sustainable

in the long term.in the long term.

3. A strong, mutually supportive and non-exploitive3. A strong, mutually supportive and non-exploitive

community.community.

4. A high degree of participation and control by the4. A high degree of participation and control by the

public over the decisions affecting their lives,public over the decisions affecting their lives,health and wellbeing.health and wellbeing.


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5. The meeting of basic needs (for food, water, shelter,5. The meeting of basic needs (for food, water, shelter,

income, safety and work) for all the citys people.income, safety and work) for all the citys people.

6. Access to a wide variety of contact, interaction and6. Access to a wide variety of contact, interaction and

communication.communication.

7. A diverse, vital and innovative economy.7. A diverse, vital and innovative economy.

8. The encouragement of connectedness with the past,8. The encouragement of connectedness with the past,

with the cultural and biological heritage of citywith the cultural and biological heritage of city

dwellers and with other groups and individuals.dwellers and with other groups and individuals.

9. An optimum level of appropriate public health and9. An optimum level of appropriate public health andsick care services accessible to all.sick care services accessible to all.

10. High health status (high levels of positive health10. High health status (high levels of positive health

and low levels of disease).and low levels of disease).


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Health Promoting SchoolsHealth Promoting Schools

A WHO programme first launched in Europe inA WHO programme first launched in Europe in1991.1991.

HPS are schools that make efforts to influence &HPS are schools that make efforts to influence &promote health.promote health.

Schools as a healthy setting for living, learningSchools as a healthy setting for living, learningand working.and working.

Engages health and education officials, teachers,Engages health and education officials, teachers,students, parents & community leaders.students, parents & community leaders.


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HEALTH PROMOTINGHEALTH PROMOTING

SCHOOLS (HPS)SCHOOLS (HPS) Covers a wide spectrum of the population.Covers a wide spectrum of the population. pupils, staff, families, communitypupils, staff, families, community

Covers 2 essential human rights.Covers 2 essential human rights.

HealthHealth

EducationEducation

Wide reach, due to compulsory enrolment.Wide reach, due to compulsory enrolment.

A powerful way to influence health from an earlyA powerful way to influence health from an earlyage.age.


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Program BersepaduProgram Bersepadu

Sekolah Sihat (PBSS)Sekolah Sihat (PBSS) In 1996, the MOH together with Ministry ofIn 1996, the MOH together with Ministry of

Education carried out a HPS pilot project in 6Education carried out a HPS pilot project in 6

states.states.

A revival of the School Health Programme (1967).A revival of the School Health Programme (1967).

PBSS became a national programme in 1997.PBSS became a national programme in 1997.

Integrates & coordinates all the health activitiesIntegrates & coordinates all the health activitiesin schools.in schools.


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Six Core Elements in PBSSSix Core Elements in PBSS

1. School Health Policy1. School Health Policy

Food safety in canteens.Food safety in canteens.

Smoke-free & drug-free.Smoke-free & drug-free.Disease control (eg. Dengue-free school).Disease control (eg. Dengue-free school).

Health education.Health education.

2. Physical environment2. Physical environmentSafe, healthy and clean.Safe, healthy and clean.

Free from threat of disease.Free from threat of disease.


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3. Social environment3. Social environment

Fosters development of healthy attitudes andFosters development of healthy attitudes and

practices.practices.

Conducive for healthy mental developmentConducive for healthy mental development

and stress reduction.and stress reduction.

Balanced development in the physical,Balanced development in the physical,

emotional, spiritual and intellectual aspects.emotional, spiritual and intellectual aspects.

Deals with social problems eg. throughDeals with social problems eg. through

religious/moral education & counselling.religious/moral education & counselling.

4. Community involvement4. Community involvement

Obtaining the support and involvement ofObtaining the support and involvement of

parents and outside community.parents and outside community.

Support can be material, financial or expertise.Support can be material, financial or expertise.


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5. Personal health skills5. Personal health skills

Related to lifestyle practices.Related to lifestyle practices.Through formal and non-formal activities.Through formal and non-formal activities.

Areas of skills developmentAreas of skills development

personal and oral hygienepersonal and oral hygiene

exercise and fitnessexercise and fitness

first aid and emergenciesfirst aid and emergencies

healthy eatinghealthy eating

social skills and stress managementsocial skills and stress management


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6. School Health service6. School Health service

Covers health promotion, healthCovers health promotion, health

and nutritional assessment,and nutritional assessment,

treatment and referrals.treatment and referrals.Special programmes eg.Special programmes eg.

Supplementary feeding andSupplementary feeding and

School Milk Programmes.School Milk Programmes.


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PRIMARY HEALTH CAREPRIMARY HEALTH CARE

SETTING [PHC]SETTING [PHC]PHC is the first level of contact ofPHC is the first level of contact of

individuals, the family and communityindividuals, the family and community

with the national health systemwith the national health system

bringing health care as close asbringing health care as close as

possible to where people live, work andpossible to where people live, work and

constitutes the first element of aconstitutes the first element of a

continuing health care process.continuing health care process.(Mac Donald, 1993)(Mac Donald, 1993)


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Primary Health CarePrimary Health Care

Setting [PHC]Setting [PHC] PHC is an important setting forPHC is an important setting for

Health Promotion.Health Promotion.

Most people have contact with PHCMost people have contact with PHCpractitioners.practitioners.

PHC practitioners are credible andPHC practitioners are credible and

qualified.qualified.

PHC and health promotion is cheaperPHC and health promotion is cheaperand better than hospital care.and better than hospital care.

F l f H lth P tiF l f H lth P ti


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Focal areas for Health Promotion.Focal areas for Health Promotion.

Anti-smoking/Smoking Cessation.Anti-smoking/Smoking Cessation.

CHD/stroke preventionCHD/stroke prevention

opportunistic health checksopportunistic health checks lifestyle advice and health interventionslifestyle advice and health interventions

Healthy Lifestyles

exercise and fitness

healthy eating

stress management

Safety promotion


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Well Adult Clinics (WAC)Well Adult Clinics (WAC)

Established under RM7 at all Health Clinics.Established under RM7 at all Health Clinics.

Expanded scope of Family Health ServicesExpanded scope of Family Health ServicesProgramme.Programme.

To cater to adults and adolescents with noTo cater to adults and adolescents with no

known pathological conditions but may possessknown pathological conditions but may possesspre-disposing risk factors.pre-disposing risk factors.

Besides clinic-based, activities will also beBesides clinic-based, activities will also beextended to the community 3 times a year.extended to the community 3 times a year.


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Health promotionHealth promotion

exerciseexercise nutritionnutrition

smoking cessationsmoking cessation

Preventionscreenin

gcounselling

Activities


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CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

Health Promotion can be approached inHealth Promotion can be approached inseveral ways.several ways.

disease , issues, lifestyle, settingsdisease , issues, lifestyle, settings

Settings is a good approachSettings is a good approach

Considers the physical and social forces.Considers the physical and social forces.

Involves the whole population in theInvolves the whole population in thecontext of their everyday life situation.context of their everyday life situation.

Holistic.Holistic.


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School is a good setting.School is a good setting.

Advocated by WHO (Health Promoting Schools)Advocated by WHO (Health Promoting Schools)

Six major elements.Six major elements.

The Program Bersepadu Sekolah Sihat is a nationalThe Program Bersepadu Sekolah Sihat is a national

programme that integrates and coordinates all theprogramme that integrates and coordinates all the

health activities in schools.health activities in schools.


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PHC is accessible to most people & givesPHC is accessible to most people & givesopportunities for health staff to promote health.opportunities for health staff to promote health.

Health staff need to be role models andHealth staff need to be role models and

advocates of good health.advocates of good health.

Well Adult Clinics (WAC) caters for adults andWell Adult Clinics (WAC) caters for adults andadolescents.adolescents.

WAC promotes healthy lifestyles and earlyWAC promotes healthy lifestyles and early

detection and management of healthdetection and management of health

problems.problems.


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THANK YOUTHANK YOU

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Health Promotion in Action