Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
1
HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT AT THEOKLAHOMA CITY AIR LOGISTICS CENTER
INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITYTinker Air Force Base, Oklahoma
Freddie E. Hall, Jr., PhDChemical Engineer
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT DIRECTORATEPOLLUTION PREVENTION BRANCH
HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT AT THEHEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT AT THEOKLAHOMA CITY AIR LOGISTICS CENTEROKLAHOMA CITY AIR LOGISTICS CENTER
INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITYINDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITYTinker Air Force Base, OklahomaTinker Air Force Base, Oklahoma
Freddie E. Hall, Jr., PhDFreddie E. Hall, Jr., PhDChemical EngineerChemical Engineer
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT DIRECTORATEENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT DIRECTORATEPOLLUTION PREVENTION BRANCHPOLLUTION PREVENTION BRANCH
NDIA03-Paper #5
2
§ Introduction§Project Overview§Distinctive Elements of Effort§Air Emission Model§Air Dispersion Model§Coupled Model Validation /
Calibration Process§Coupled Model Results§Comparison to Remote Optical
Monitoring System§Application to Risk Assessment§Summary and Conclusions
INVESTIGATION OVERVIEWOutline
INVESTIGATION OVERVIEWOutline
3
§Tinker AFB covers 5,031 acres� Only 200 acres are undeveloped
§765 Facilities� 15.3M feet2 of industrial operations
§Three Creek Systems§700-plus Air Emission Sources§200 Underground Storage Tanks§11-Miles Industrial Wastewater Lines§Three Wastewater Treatment Plants§36 Restoration Sites§Provides Logistics Support to USAF
Weapon Systems� B-1, B-52, E-3 Sentry, C/KC-135 aircraft
TINKER AFB, OKLAHOMAIntroduction
TINKER AFB, OKLAHOMAIntroduction
4
§Tinker AFB performs Depot Level Maintenance§Process Assessment identified four Primary Processes� Depainting, Painting, Electroplating & Cleaning� Majority of processes discharge to an on-base treatment facility
§Regulatory Requirement to quantify Air Emissions fromIndustrial Wastewater Treatment Facility [IWTF]� Toxic Release Inventory and Air Emission Inventory� Clean Air Act Title V permit requires source & emission information� POTW NESHAP requirement
§Efforts focus on Methylene Chloride and Phenol� Both are CAA Title III Listed Hazardous Air Pollutants [HAPs]� VOC and semi-VOC examples� These chemicals account for majority of purchases / releases
TINKER AFB, OKLAHOMAIntroduction [CONTD]
TINKER AFB, OKLAHOMAIntroduction [CONTD]
5
§ Investigation will be presented in four Major Tasks§Coupling of Emission and Dispersion Models represents a
Cost-Effective and Environmentally-Responsible Approach� Coupling refers to sequential use of models [output is input]� Meet impact predictions, regulatory reporting requirements, and
pollution prevention needs� Estimate emissions from IWTP process unitsØWATER8 air emission model developed by EPA
� Estimate atmospheric dispersion concentrationsØISC-ST3 air dispersion model designed by EPA
� Validate predictive accuracy of the coupled modelØComparison of coupled model predictions to field dataØComparison of coupled model predictions to OP-FTIR data
� Demonstrate potential applications to include Risk Assessment
HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENTProject Overview
HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENTProject Overview
CoupledModel
6
§Distinctive Elements of Investigation� Combined use of WATER8 and ISC-ST3� Literature directed to specific applications� Coupled model compared to MAAC� Literature limited to single emission sources� Literature focused at municipal wastewater
treatment� Detail and size of periodic canister data� Investigation of three remote optical paths� Multiple retroreflectors along optical path� Evaluation of chemical depainting agents� Coupled model used in risk assessment� Completeness and comparative analysis
HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENTUniqueness of Investigation
HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENTUniqueness of Investigation
7
IWTP PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAMPrimary, Secondary, & Tertiary Treatment
IWTP PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAMPrimary, Secondary, & Tertiary Treatment
D2BLENDING
TANK
INFLUENT
LIFTSTATION 2
PUMPSTATION
EFFLUENT
INFLUENT
PRESSUREFILTERS
PRESSUREFILTERS
OIL-WATERSEPARATOR
OIL-WATERSEPARATOR
STORAGETANK
STORAGETANK
D1BLENDING
TANK
STRIPPINGWASTE
CLARIFIER
SOLIDSCONTACTCLARIFIER
SOLIDSCONTACTCLARIFIER
EQUALIZATIONBASIN
EQUALIZATIONBASIN
MIXING BASINS
AERATIONBASINS
FINALCLARIFIER
FINALCLARIFIER
D1-D2DS
PUMPSTATION
OWDOWD90%
10%
8
COUPLED MODEL OUTPUTMaximum Methylene Chloride Concentrations, PPBCOUPLED MODEL OUTPUT
Maximum Methylene Chloride Concentrations, PPB
PC
D1
D2
OWDOW-N
OW-S
ST-W ST-E
EQ-N
EQ-S MIXSCCN
SCCSBIO
SC-S
SC-N
FENCELINE
2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250 2300
X-Coordinate, West to East
1700
1750
1800
1850
1900
1950
2000
2050
2100
Y-C
oord
inat
e, S
outh
to N
orth
9
COUPLED MODEL OUTPUTMaximum Phenol Concentrations, PPB
COUPLED MODEL OUTPUTMaximum Phenol Concentrations, PPB
PC
D1
D2
OWDOW-N
OW-S
ST-W ST-E
EQ-N
EQ-S MIXSCCN
SCCSBIO
SC-S
SC-N
FENCELINE
2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250 2300
X-Coordinate, West to East
1700
1750
1800
1850
1900
1950
2000
2050
2100
Y-C
oord
inat
e, S
outh
to N
orth
10
HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENTLocation of Periodic Canister Data
HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENTLocation of Periodic Canister Data
RCRA Facility Investigation Data [A1-A13]
1993 Battelle Study [A1, A2, A3]
OC-ALC Bioenvironmental Data [A1, A2, A3]
Coupled Model Predictions [1984-91]
A1 A2 A3
A4
A5
A6
A7A8
A9
A10
A11
A12
A13
PC
D1
D2
OWDOW-N
OW-S
ST-W ST-E
EQ-N
EQ-S MIX
SCCN
SCCSBIO
SC-S
SC-N
FENCELINE
2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250 2300
X-Coordinate, West to East
1700
1750
1800
1850
1900
1950
2000
2050
2100
Y-C
oord
inat
e, S
outh
to N
orth
11
§Task 4 involves Demonstration of Potential Uses of CoupledModel by conducting a Risk Assessment of Impact Region� Computations will use coupled model concentration predictions in risk
assessment tasking� Efforts are focused on housing community & IWTP personnel� Efforts will attempt to quantify risks to target population groupsØDetermine equivalent human dose [based on IRIS program]ØMaximum chemical dose for individuals in target populationØMaximum risk for individuals in target populationØExcess number of cases of cancer in focus groupØAverage number of cancer cases generated per yearØLoss of life expectancy for target populationØComparisons to 1993 ATSDR Study & 1996 Statistical Review
HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENTMethylene Chloride and Phenol Exposures
HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENTMethylene Chloride and Phenol Exposures
12
COUPLED MODEL OUTPUTMaximum Methylene Chloride Concentrations, PPBCOUPLED MODEL OUTPUT
Maximum Methylene Chloride Concentrations, PPB
PC
D1
D2
OWDOW-N
OW-S
ST-W ST-E
EQ-N
EQ-S MIXSCCN
SCCSBIO
SC-S
SC-N
FENCELINE
2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250 2300
X-Coordinate, West to East
1700
1750
1800
1850
1900
1950
2000
2050
2100
Y-C
oord
inat
e, S
outh
to N
orth
13
RISK ASSESSMENT OUTPUT Equivalent Human Dose for Methylene Chloride Exposures
RISK ASSESSMENT OUTPUT Equivalent Human Dose for Methylene Chloride Exposures
2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250 2300
X-Coordinate, West to East
1700
1750
1800
1850
1900
1950
2000
2050
2100
Y-C
oord
inat
e, S
outh
to N
orth
2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250 2300
X-Coordinate, West to East
1700
1750
1800
1850
1900
1950
2000
2050
2100
Y-C
oord
inat
e, S
outh
to N
orth
14
2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250 2300
X-Coordinate, West to East
1700
1750
1800
1850
1900
1950
2000
2050
2100
Y-C
oord
inat
e, S
outh
to N
orth
2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250 2300
X-Coordinate, West to East
1700
1750
1800
1850
1900
1950
2000
2050
2100
Y-C
oord
inat
e, S
outh
to N
orth
RISK ASSESSMENT OUTPUT Maximum Individual Risk for Methylene Chloride Exposures
RISK ASSESSMENT OUTPUT Maximum Individual Risk for Methylene Chloride Exposures
15
2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250 2300
X-Coordinate, West to East
1700
1750
1800
1850
1900
1950
2000
2050
2100
Y-C
oord
inat
e, S
outh
to N
orth
2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250 2300
X-Coordinate, West to East
1700
1750
1800
1850
1900
1950
2000
2050
2100
Y-C
oord
inat
e, S
outh
to
Nor
thRISK ASSESSMENT OUTPUT
Excess Cancer Cases for Methylene Chloride ExposuresRISK ASSESSMENT OUTPUT
Excess Cancer Cases for Methylene Chloride Exposures
16
COUPLED MODEL OUTPUTMaximum Phenol Concentrations, PPB
COUPLED MODEL OUTPUTMaximum Phenol Concentrations, PPB
PC
D1
D2
OWDOW-N
OW-S
ST-W ST-E
EQ-N
EQ-S MIXSCCN
SCCSBIO
SC-S
SC-N
FENCELINE
2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250 2300
X-Coordinate, West to East
1700
1750
1800
1850
1900
1950
2000
2050
2100
Y-C
oord
inat
e, S
outh
to N
orth
17
2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250 2300
X-Coordinate, West to East
1700
1750
1800
1850
1900
1950
2000
2050
2100
Y-C
oord
inat
e, S
outh
to
Nor
th
2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250 2300
X-Coordinate, West to East
1700
1750
1800
1850
1900
1950
2000
2050
2100
Y-C
oord
ina
te,
Sou
th to
No
rth
RISK ASSESSMENT OUTPUT Equivalent Human Dose for Phenol Exposures
RISK ASSESSMENT OUTPUT Equivalent Human Dose for Phenol Exposures
18
2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250 2300
X-Coordinate, West to East
1700
1750
1800
1850
1900
1950
2000
2050
2100
Y-C
oord
inat
e, S
outh
to
Nor
th
2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250 2300
X-Coordinate, West to East
1700
1750
1800
1850
1900
1950
2000
2050
2100
Y-C
oord
ina
te, S
outh
to N
orth
RISK ASSESSMENT OUTPUT Maximum Individual Risk for Phenol Exposures
RISK ASSESSMENT OUTPUT Maximum Individual Risk for Phenol Exposures
19
2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250 2300
X-Coordinate, West to East
1700
1750
1800
1850
1900
1950
2000
2050
2100
Y-C
oord
inat
e, S
outh
to
Nor
th
2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250 2300
X-Coordinate, West to East
1700
1750
1800
1850
1900
1950
2000
2050
2100
Y-C
oord
ina
te, S
outh
to N
orth
RISK ASSESSMENT OUTPUT Excess Cancer Cases for Phenol Exposures
RISK ASSESSMENT OUTPUT Excess Cancer Cases for Phenol Exposures
20
§ Coupled Model can be used to conduct Risk Assessment§ Inhalation Exposures well under LOAEL concentrations§ Cancer Cases well under County & State Averages� Average 16 and 19 per year, respectively
§ Loss of Life Expectancy matter of hours� Smoking shortens life by 6.2 years
§ Neither Chemicals pose Health Risk to Population Groups� Chemicals have been replaced with EA chemical strippers� Incorporated operational changes to minimize exposures
§ Supported by two ATSDR Investigations in 1993 & 1996§ Expecting Similar Study at Oklahoma State University� Using better models and canister data
HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENTSummary & Conclusions
HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENTSummary & Conclusions
21
HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT AT THEOKLAHOMA CITY AIR LOGISTICS CENTER
INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITYTinker Air Force Base, Oklahoma
Freddie E. Hall, Jr.OC-ALC/EMPD
7701 Arnold Street, Suite 204Tinker AFB OK 73145-9100
COM: 405-734-3114DSN: 884-3114
EMAIL: [email protected]
HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT AT THEHEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT AT THEOKLAHOMA CITY AIR LOGISTICS CENTEROKLAHOMA CITY AIR LOGISTICS CENTER
INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITYINDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITYTinker Air Force Base, OklahomaTinker Air Force Base, Oklahoma
Freddie E. Hall, Jr.Freddie E. Hall, Jr.OC-ALC/EMPDOC-ALC/EMPD
7701 Arnold Street, Suite 2047701 Arnold Street, Suite 204Tinker AFB OK 73145-9100Tinker AFB OK 73145-9100
COM: 405-734-3114COM: 405-734-3114DSN: 884-3114DSN: 884-3114
EMAIL:EMAIL: freddie [email protected]@tinker.afaf.mil.mil
