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Heat Treatment Analysis using the Heat Treatment Calculator (H.T.C)
Sham Kashyap
Computing and Information Sciences
Kansas State University
Overview
Introduction Equations Graphical Analysis Issues Other Applications Discussion
Introduction
H.T.C is a software program coded in Visual Basic using Microsoft Visual Studio .NET.
It calculates The amount of energy and fuel needed for the heat
treatment of the facility. Provides a graphical analysis of variations of fuel
consumption with respect to changes in temperature and duration of heat treatment.
Equations
Surfaces
Sq T Area U
1Sq T Area
xk
orΔT: Temperature difference of the exposed wall.U: Coefficient of heat transfer of the material.k: Thermal Conductivity x: Thickness
Equation applied to walls, windows, doors, ceiling and floor
Equations
Infiltration
0.018Iq T Volume aircirculations
Steel
0.12Stq T Steelweight
Total S I Stq q q q Total
Equations
Fuel consumption
1Total
unit
qFuel
q efficiency
unitq is the amount of energy
produced by the fuel per unit
The required energy is converted into fuel consumption to estimate the cost of energy needed
Equations
In the software, the user has the option of– Changing efficiency values of fuels suiting the
machinery used for heat up.– Choosing Raise and Peak Phases of the heat
treatment– Adding new structural materials, fuels to the
database
Graphical Analysis using HTC
It can be used to predict the effects of a particular variation in heat treatment setting.
In this sense, it is a tool to virtually compare two heat treatments on a building with different temperature and fuel settings.
In this presentation, we take up an example and run the various analysis tools.
Facility Description
Rooms: Floor 1: 3
Floor 2: 2
Floor 3: 4
Floor 4: 2
Steel : 3000 Pounds
Volume: 175616 Cubic Feet
Air circulations per hour: 3
Temperature Settings:
Outside 75 F
Inside 80 F
Ground 65 F
Period 48 Hours
Target Temperature 140 F
Target Rate of Increase 5.4 F/hr
in temperature
Cost of fuels
Effects of variation in target temperature
Target Temperature Vs Cost Rise
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
100
104
108
112
116
120
124
128
132
136
140
144
148
Required Temperature (F)
Co
st o
f E
ner
gy
So
urc
e (
$)
Electricity
Propane
Natural Gas
Cost of fuels
Effects of variation in duration of heat treatment
Duration of treament Vs Cost Rise
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
Duration
Co
st
of
En
erg
y S
ou
rce ($
)
Electricity Cost
Propane Cost
Natural Gas Cost
Cost of fuels
Effects of variation in starting temperature
Starting Temperature Vs Cost Rise
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
32
38
44
50
56
62
68
74
80
86
92
98
Starting Temperature (F)
Co
st
of
En
erg
y S
ou
rce
($
)
Electricity Cost
Propane Cost
Natural Gas Cost
Fuel consumption
Effects of variation in target temperature
Target Temperature Vs Raise in Fuel Consumption
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Target Temperature (F)
Fu
els
(Gal
lon
s)
Propane Req
Number2 Oil Req
Number6 Oil Req
Target Temperature Vs Electricity Requirement
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
100
104
108
112
116
120
124
128
132
136
140
144
148
Temperature (F)
Ele
ctri
city
(kw
h)
Electricity
Fuel consumption
Effects of variation in target temperature
Target Temperature Vs Natural Gas
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
100
104
108
112
116
120
124
128
132
136
140
144
148
Temperature (F)
Nat
ural
Gas
(th
erm
)
Natural Gas
Target Temperature Vs Steam requirement
0102030405060708090
100
Thou
sand
sTemperature (F)
Ste
am a
t 15
psg,
50%
eff
icie
ncy
(pou
nds)
Steam
Fuel consumption
Effects of increase in starting temperature
Starting Temperature Vs Raise in Fuel Consumption
0100200300400500600700800900
1000
32 39 46 53 60 67 74 81 88 95
Starting Temperature (F)
Fu
els
(Gal
lon
s)
Propane Req
Number2 Oil Req
Number6 Oil Req
Starting Temperature Vs Electricity Requirement
02000400060008000
100001200014000160001800020000
Temperature (F)
Elec
tric
ity (k
wh)
Electricity
Fuel consumption
Effects of variation in starting temperature
Starting Temperature Vs Natural Gas
0100200300400500600700800900
1000
32 38 44 50 56 62 68 74 80 86 92 98
Temperature (F)
Nat
ura
l Gas
(th
erm
)
Natural Gas
Starting Temperature Vs Steam requirement
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
32 38 44 50 56 62 68 74 80 86 92 98
Th
ou
san
ds
Temperature (F)S
team
at
15 p
sg, 5
0% e
ffic
ien
cy
(po
un
ds)
Steam
Energy absorption in different materials
Effects of increase in target temperature
Target Temperature Vs Heat supply
05
10
15202530
354045
100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
Mil
lio
ns
Temperature
Hea
t R
equ
irem
ent
Total Heat Req inBTUs
Grnd Heat Req
Roof Heat Req
Infil Heat Req
SteelHeat Req
WallsHeat Req
Energy absorption in different materials
Effects of increase in target temperature
Starting Temperature Vs Heat supply
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
32 39 46 53 60 67 74 81 88 95
Mil
lio
ns
Temperature
Hea
t R
equ
irem
ent
Total Heat Req inBTUs
Grnd Heat Req
Roof Heat Req
Infil Heat Req
SteelHeat Req
WallsHeat Req
Issues
Heat absorption by different materials Un-accountable losses Correction factor Effects of humidity and pressure Model verification
Heat Absorption and Temperature Rise
Variations in Heat Absorption
50
70
90
110
130
150
170
190
Start Rise Peak Start Peak Fall
Time
Tem
pera
ture
(F
)
Steel
Structure
Ambient
Screenshots
Screenshots
Screenshots
Screenshots
Screenshots
Other Applications
How to reach a trade off between amount of fuel used, target temperature, peak temperature duration.
If using multiple sources of energy, how to share energy requirement.
Insect Mortality.
References
1. William H. Severns, Julian R. Fellows, “Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning Fundamentals” Second Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc 1949.
2. Burgess H. Jennings, “The Thermal Environment” Harper & Row, 1978.
3. Thomas J. Imholte,”A guide to the Sanitary Design of Food Plamsts and Food Plam Equipment, Engineering for Food Safety and Sanitaion “ Second Edition
Discussion
