HEDGEHOG LEARNING Biology EOC

HEDGEHOG LEARNING Biology EOC

Standards Sequence and STAAR Question Frequency Overview

STAAR Reporting Category

Readiness Standards 60% - 65% of STAAR

Day 1

Cell Structure and Function

11 questions

4B – investigate and explain cellular processes, including homeostasis, energy conversions, transport of molecules, and synthesis of new molecules 4C – compare the structures of viruses to cells, describe viral reproduction, and describe the role of viruses in causing diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and influenza

Day 2

5A – describe the stages of the cell cycle, including deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) replication and mitosis, and the importance of the cell cycle to the growth of organisms 9A – compare the structures and functions of different types of biomolecules, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

Day 3

Mechanisms of Genetics

11 questions

6A – identify components of DNA, and describe how information for specifying the traits of an organism is carried in the DNA 6E – identify and illustrate changes in DNA and evaluate the significance of these changes

Day 4

6E (continued) – identify and illustrate changes in DNA and evaluate the significance of these changes 6F – predict possible outcomes of various genetic combinations such as monohybrid crosses, dihybrid crosses and nonMendelian inheritance

Day 5

Biological Evolution and Classification

10 questions

7A – analyze and evaluate how evidence of common ancestry among groups is provided by the fossil record, biogeography, and homologies, including anatomical, molecular, and developmental 7E – analyze and evaluate the relationship of natural selection to adaptation and to the development of diversity in and among species

Day 6

7E (continued) – analyze and evaluate the relationship of natural selection to adaptation and to the development of diversity in and among species 8B – categorize organisms using a hierarchical classification system based on similarities and differences shared among groups

Day 7

Biological Processes

and Systems 11 questions

10A – describe the interactions that occur among systems that perform the functions of regulation, nutrient absorption, reproduction, and defense from injury or illness in animals 10B – describe the interactions that occur among systems that perform the functions of transport, reproduction, and response in plants

Day 8

Interdependence

within Environmental

Systems 11 questions

11D – describe how events and processes that occur during ecological succession can change populations and species diversity 12A – interpret relationships, including predation, parasitism, commensalism, mutualism, and competition among organisms

Day 9

12C – analyze the flow of matter and energy through trophic levels using various models, including food chains, food webs, and ecological pyramids 12F – describe how environmental change can impact ecosystem stability

Day 10

Readiness Review Game

54 Questions 32-35 Questions

Embedded Process Standards Investigation and reasoning TEKS are embedded within each day’s lesson.

© Hedgehog Learning. Copying permitted for purchasing campus only.

DAY 1 – Biology 10-Day EOC Review Name ______________________ Period ________ Cell Structure and Function Readiness TEKS B.4B, B.4C 1. The model below represents a cell membrane. What is the role of ATP in this process?

A provide energy for the diffusion of molecules within

the cell B provide energy for the active transport of molecules

across the cell membrane

C synthesis of a carrier protein to passively transport molecules across the cell membrane

D provide energy for cellular respiration

3. What is the function of the cellular structure labeled “A” in the diagram below.

A controls what enters and leaves the cell and

maintains homeostasis B contains the chromosomes of the cell

C breaks down food to release energy

D creates proteins

2. If a cell is in an environment that has a greater concentration of salt than the cytoplasm inside the cell, the cell will most likely:

F gain water G increase in size

H initiate mitosis

J lose water

4. Which of the following is an example of molecular synthesis within a cell? F ATP releasing energy G oxygen moving across the cell membrane H glucose bonding to form starch J a cell maintaining homeostasis


DAY 1 – Biology 10-Day EOC Review Name ______________________ Period ________ Cell Structure and Function Readiness TEKS B.4B, B.4C 5. A paramecium maintains homeostasis in a hypotonic environment by allowing water to diffuse into the cell and contracting its vacuole to pump water out of the cell. Based on this information, which of the following is true?

A Less energy is required for the cell to maintain homeostasis in a hypotonic environment than in an isotonic environment.

B Homeostasis is primarily achieved through active

transport of water into the cell in a hypotonic environment.

C A paramecium uses more energy in a hypotonic environment than in a hypertonic environment.

D More energy is required for the cell to maintain homeostasis in a hypertonic environment.

7. What would be a possible description for the letters A, B, and C in the diagram comparing viruses and cells?

Viruses Cells

A A – protein coat; B – nucleic acids; C – nucleus

B A – organelles; B – nucleus; C – nucleic acids C A – cell wall; B – nucleic acids; C – nucleus

D A – complex structure; B – organelles; C – cell wall

6. Glucose is a sugar that plays an important role in both plant and animal cells. Which statement best describes the role of glucose?

F Glucose is converted into energy through photosynthesis in plant cells.

G Glucose is synthesized during

photosynthesis in plant cells.

H Glucose is synthesized through respiration in animal cells.

J Mitochondria release energy by bonding glucose molecules together.

8. Viral reproduction can be simplified in the following sequence. What process is missing from this descriptive model?

F the virus releases its nucleic acids G the virus forces the cell to undergo mitosis

H the virus divides itself

J the virus uses the cell’s energy to grow larger


DAY 1 – Biology 10-Day EOC Review Name ______________________ Period ________ Cell Structure and Function Readiness TEKS B.4B, B.4C 9. Scientists are able to determine that a disease has the following characteristics:

� no self-metabolic process � rapid reproduction � does not respond to antibiotics

Which of the following answer choices is a possible identification of this disease? A food poisoning (E. coli) B skin cancer

C sinus bacterial infection

D influenza

11. Mr. Katz researches information on how virus and bacteria compare with one another. Which of the following would be a true generalization? A Viruses are able to reproduce similar to bacteria

through mitosis. B Bacteria and viruses both utilize host cells for their

energy.

C Antibiotics are effective in treating bacterial and viral infections.

D Bacteria and viruses reproduce using genetic coding found in nucleic acids.

10. HIV only effects humans because:

F other animals have never been in contact with HIV G the virus targets human T-cells as its host cell

H humans have relatively weak immune systems

J other animals have more white blood cells

12. In the chart comparing the structure of viruses and cells, which best fits the missing description? Virus Cell External Structure ? Cell Membrane Internal Structure DNA/RNA material

only Nucleus and organelles

F ribosomes G golgi complex

H protein coat

J endoplasmic reticulum


DAY 1 – Biology 10-Day EOC Review Name ______________________ Period ________ Cell Structure and Function

A. Cell membrane

B. Vacuole

C. Homeostasis

D. Virus

E. Host cell

F. Diffusion

G. Active transport

H. Mitochondria

I. Cytoplasm

J. Nucleic acids

K. Cell wall

L. Chloroplast

M. Passive transport

N. Hypotonic

O. Prokaryotic

P. Hypertonic

Q. Organelles

R. Nucleus

S. Eukaryotic

1. _______ tiny non-living structure that depends on a host cell to reproduce

2. _______ supports and protects cell membrane in plant cells

3. _______ simple cells without organelles

4. _______ specialized functional bodies within the cytoplasm of a cell

5. _______ regulation of conditions within a cell which allows for stable equilibrium

6. _______ organelle that holds water; particularly large in plant cells

7. _______ complex cells containing organelles with specific functions

8. _______ controls the cell’s activities; contains the cell’s DNA

9. _______ solution with a relatively higher solute concentration (such as salt)

10. _______ contains chlorophyll for photosynthesis in plant cells

11. _______ solution with a relatively lower solute concentration (such as salt)

12. _______ diffusion of a substance across a cell membrane requiring no energy

13. _______ a biological molecule, such as DNA or RNA, that contain genetic coding

14. _______ suspends organelles in a eukaryotic cell; enclosed by the cell membrane

15. _______ a particular type of cell that is targeted by a virus for reproduction

16. _______ the tendency of a substance to move from a higher concentration to lower concentration

17. _______ movement of a substance across a cell membrane requiring the use of energy

18. _______ organelle responsible for breaking down food into energy

19. _______ controls what leaves and enters the cell; maintains homeostasis

BIOLOGY

EOC10DAY

REVIEW

Written by Chris Jackson, Ed.D.www.hedgehoglearning.com

© Hedgehog Learning


All clipart and images used in this review are either created by Hedgehog Learning, found in public domain, or used with permission from iStockphoto, iClipart, Microsoft, or www.123rf.com

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONTEKS B.4B, B.4C



• Cells are the smallest unit of living things

• Simple cells are prokaryotic(bacteria)

• Complex cells are eukaryotic(plant and animal cells)

• What are the primary function of these cellular organelles?

• Cell membrane• Cytoplasm• Nucleus• Mitochondria• Ribosomes• Endoplasmic Reticulum• Lysosome• Vacuole• Cell wall (plant)• Chloroplast (plant)


• Cell membrane – Surrounds the cell and controls what enters and leaves

• Cytoplasm – Suspends the organelles in a eukaryotic cell within the cell membrane

• Nucleus – controls the cells activities and contains the cell’s DNA

• Mitochondria – converts food into energy

• Ribosomes – makes proteins

• Endoplasmic Reticulum – moves items within the cell like a pipeline

• Lysosome – contains enzymes

• Vacuole – holds the material like water

• Cell wall (plant cell) – surrounds the cell membrane to provide structure

• Chloroplast (plant cell) – contains chlorophyll for photosynthesis


Homeostasis – describes the equilibrium the cell maintains in response to its environment.

How would the cell maintain homeostasis in a salty (hypertonic) environment?

What part of the cell is responsible for maintaining homeostasis?


Homeostasis is achieved by the cell membrane allowing material to flow in or out of the cell depending on the environment.

Types of Transport

ACTIVE TRANSPORT – requires the use of energy to move materials across the cell membrane

PASSIVE TRANSPORT – no energy required due to materials flowing from high concentration to low concentration (diffusion)


Plant Cells

Energy conversion is through photosynthesis.

Energy from the sun is converted into a sugar called glucose.

Animal Cells

Energy conversion is through respiration.

Mitochondria release energy by breaking down molecules like glucose.


MitochondriaSite of cellular respiration

ChloroplastSite of photosynthesis

Organic molecules and O2

CO2 and H2O

PLANTSANIMALS


Cells can create more complex molecules from simpler molecules.

An example of this is protein synthesis where proteins are created by joining amino acids together during RNA translation.

Amino Acid Amino Acid Amino Acid

Protein

Cells and Viruses

• Turn to a classmate and create a list of characteristics of viruses and cells.

• What qualities did you come up with?


Viruses

• Nonliving• No metabolism• Has “head” with nucleic acids• Depends on host cell of

reproduction• Do not respond to antibiotics• Can causes diseases like

Influenza and HIV

Cells (Bacteria)

• Living• Metabolic processes• Has nucleus with nucleic acids• Reproduction through mitosis• Bacteria can be killed with

antibiotics• Can causes infections like

strep throat and meningitis



Virus Cell

Unique to Viruses Common Qualities Unique to Cells

HIV is particular dangerous virus because:

• It attacks human Tcells as its host. These cells are critical to the human immune system.

• It is sexually transmitted.

• It cannot be treated with antibiotics.

• It may undergo a latency period without being detected, allowing an infected person to pass the virus unknowingly.


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HEDGEHOG LEARNING Biology EOC