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Helsinki, 5 December 2006 Informal meeting of Education Ministers
1
Four years onReviewing the priorities for cooperation in vocational education and
training
Aviana Bulgarelli
Maastricht 2004
Lisbon 2000
Copenhagen 2002
Helsinki 2006
Helsinki, 5 December 2006 Informal meeting of Education Ministers
2
Taking stock Copenhagen – Maastricht – Helsinki 4 years on Enhanced European cooperation
in VET
Outline
Progress in VET policy areas
Challenges from research & reporting
Some Conclusions
Helsinki, 5 December 2006 Informal meeting of Education Ministers
3
Taking stock Copenhagen – Maastricht – Helsinki 4 years on Enhanced European
cooperation in VET Copenhage
n2002
strengthen the European dimension
improve transparency, information & guidance systems
recognise competences & qualifications
promote quality assurance
Maastricht2004
national priorities
make aware of and apply the common European instruments
improve public/private investment, training incentives
address the needs of groups at risk
develop flexible pathways and progression
use European social and regional funds to develop VET
strengthen VET planning, partnerships, identify skill needs
develop pedagogical approaches & learning environments
expand teachers’ & trainers’ competence development
Helsinki, 5 December 2006 Informal meeting of Education Ministers
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Progress
4 years on Reviewing the priorities
Where countries report most progress:
National qualifications frameworks (NQF)
Validation of non-formal and informal learning
Quality improvement and assurance – CQAF
Integrating learning with working
Access and equity
Guidance and counselling
Helsinki, 5 December 2006 Informal meeting of Education Ministers
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educational / VET standards
competence-based curricula
assessing learning outcomes
entrepreneurship
language learning
Progress
4 years on The EQF is setting the trend
8 COMMON REFERENCE
LEVELS
Developing NQF …• in more & more countries, gaining in speed in 2005/2006
• linked to emphasis on learning outcomes and progress in:
Helsinki, 5 December 2006 Informal meeting of Education Ministers
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Progress
4 years on Learning outcomes gaining ground Validating non-formal and informal
learning
Slow but steady progress in valuing what people have learned at work and elsewhere to:
• improve lifelong learning opportunities
•make VET systems more flexible
•improve employability & career
Some progress in higher education, but less inclined toopen up for non-traditional learners
Lifelong Learning Pathway
Informal
Formal
On the job
Formal
Helsinki, 5 December 2006 Informal meeting of Education Ministers
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Improving and assuring quality
Progress in:
• improving VET infrastructure, increasing efficiency
• ensuring trust in the value of learning outcomes (NQF)
(e.g. through standards, competence-based curricula, qualifications register, provider accreditation)
Countries recommend to apply the EuropeanCommon Quality Assurance Framework (CQAF)
Progress
4 years on NQF and quality go hand in hand
Helsinki, 5 December 2006 Informal meeting of Education Ministers
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Integrating learning with working
Progress in: •providing learner-need oriented, individualised pathways
•work-based training to attract and retain ‘non-academic’ learners
•marrying theory and practice to develop high skills
New types of apprenticeship and traineeships in:
•initial and continuing training
•higher education (designed by institutions and industry)
•active labour market measures
Progress
4 years on VET for excellence and inclusion
Helsinki, 5 December 2006 Informal meeting of Education Ministers
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Ensuring access and equity Progress in:
•preventing drop out from initial VET •enabling low qualified and migrants to acquire skills
•giving all employed chance for continuing training
Guidance and counsellingProgress in improving access and quality to:
• assist disadvantaged • help the young to make right VET choice
Tools: electronic information systems
11 countries (intend to) use Europass for guidance
Progress
4 years on Supporting individuals & those at risk
Helsinki, 5 December 2006 Informal meeting of Education Ministers
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Challenges The demographic time
bomb
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Source: Population projection 2004, Eurostat, baseline variant
15-24 years 55-64 years
Population in EU25 aged 15-24 and 55-64, 2005-2030 (in million) By 2030 … almost 14 million more older
people 9 million fewer young people 2 million fewer learners in VET
(at secondary & tertiary level, if participation doesn’t change)
Future labour markets will rely more on older workers and migrants
Chance to improve the quality of initial VET and provide better opportunities for adult learning
Helsinki, 5 December 2006 Informal meeting of Education Ministers
11
Challenges Worldwide skills
competition72 million Europeans formally low skilled – as many as the inhabitants of France + Ireland + the Baltic States
together Europe scores:• low on high skills • high on low skills• strong at intermediate skills Europe’s competitive advantage
necessary to cope withincreasing demands anddiffusion of new technologies
high skilled jobs require both vocational qualifications
(secondary & tertiary level) and academic skills
Educational attainment of the adult population (25-64 year-olds) by highest level of education attained, 2005
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
EU 25 Australia Canada Japan Korea Russia USA
Source: EU25: LFS, Eurostat ; other countries: OECD 2004
pre-/primary and lower secondaryupper and post secondary tertiary
Helsinki, 5 December 2006 Informal meeting of Education Ministers
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Older workers’ lifelong learning
Develop age-sensitive HRD policy •build on and value older workers’ skills & competences•recognise their experience & knowledge gained at work•engage them in workplace learning & teaching (e.g. by
mentoring)•provide suited learning environments and pedagogies
Participation in LLL in % by age groups, 2005, EU25
Age group 25-29 30-34
35-39
40-44
45-49
50-54 55-59
60-64
Total(25-64)
Benchmark for 2010
Participation rate
21.4 13.3 11.5 10.5 9.0 7.5 6.0 3.6 10.7 12.5
Source: Eurostat, Labour Force Survey
Challenges Maintaining human
capital
Helsinki, 5 December 2006 Informal meeting of Education Ministers
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FACILITATE
LEARNINGlink school &
enterprises
be familiar
with new work processes
(co)design curricula
work in teams
make progress happen…
Challenges VET teachers & trainers -The forgotten change
agents ?
assess learning
outcomes
guide & counsel learners
but they receive little support to cope with these
1/3 – 2/3 of upper secondary teachers work in VET
but we know little about them
even less abouttrainers in VET
(co)decide VET offer…
They are getting older, their role is changing,their tasks are getting more varied & complex
Helsinki, 5 December 2006 Informal meeting of Education Ministers
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Challenges Show that VET is worth
investing inTotal public expenditure oneducation & trainingat lower, upper & post secondary level
expenditure on VET ranges from 0.3 to 1.1% of GDP
Private expenditure on VET data not available in all countries data on enterprise spending
expected end-2007 (CVTS 3)
Data available for the first time
Total public expenditure on education and training at secondary level, by programme orientation, 2003 (% of GDP)
0
1
2
3
Source: UOE Data collection, Eurostat (sorted by pre-/vocational)
pre-/vocational general
Helsinki, 5 December 2006 Informal meeting of Education Ministers
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Reinforce efforts, consolidate and build on achievements
Continue at national level to …
• establish NQF related to learning outcomes and linking to EQFthrough cooperation with all players and mutual learning
• develop Europass certificate supplementswhich inform on learning outcomes and make EQF mapping easier
• develop validation of non-formal learning central to lifelong learning
• improve quality assurance and encourage implementing the CQAF
Conclusions Four years to go until 2010Helsinki 2006 Stay focused
Helsinki, 5 December 2006 Informal meeting of Education Ministers
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Attractiveness and quality of VET:
Consolidate and build on achievements
Support VET teacher & trainer development, value them aschange agents
Develop in-company learning pathways and improveolder workers‘ lifelong learning
Adequately invest in VET, make benefits visible and encouragecost-sharing
Develop shared policies with other ministries, social partners andother actors
Conclusions Helsinki 2006 Maastricht priorities still
valid
Helsinki, 5 December 2006 Informal meeting of Education Ministers
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To support evidence-based policy making we need
joint efforts to collate more, more accurate and more reliablestatistical data
comprehensive initiatives to identify and anticipate skill needs
research to evaluate policy impact and prepare VETfor future challenges
Conclusions Helsinki 2006 Maastricht priorities still
valid
Helsinki, 5 December 2006 Informal meeting of Education Ministers
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Contact Cedefop’s policy analysis & research reporting team:
Pascaline Descy, Patrycja Lipinska, Anelia Miteva,Lore Schmid and Manfred Tessaring
Helsinki follow-up
2007 Thank you for your attention
www.cedefop.europa.euwww.trainingvillage.gr/policyanalysis
Cedefop’s AGORA event
26 – 27 April 2007:
‘Building a European VET area’
Conference to present and discuss: analyses on progress in VET policies findings from research and statistics future challenges