HemophiliaHemophiliaBy: Ava FoudehBy: Ava FoudehWhat is it?What is it?There are two types of Hemophilia, A and B. Both areThere are two types of Hemophilia, A and B. Both are caused by deficiencies in the amount of clottin factorcaused by deficiencies in the amount of clottin factor in the blood !"### or #$%. When the blood does not havein the blood !"### or #$%. When the blood does not have enouh of one of these or is missin one clottinenouh of one of these or is missin one clottin factor, the bleedin may end very slowly or may notfactor, the bleedin may end very slowly or may not stop at all. The two types of Hemophilia are lin&edstop at all. The two types of Hemophilia are lin&ed toether by their similar clinical pictures and theirtoether by their similar clinical pictures and their similar inheritance patterns. similar inheritance patterns.The most danerous part about havin Hemophilia isThe most danerous part about havin Hemophilia is internal bleedin. #f internal bleedin is left untreateditinternal bleedin. #f internal bleedin is left untreatedit can lead to deformity, disability or even death. #n acan lead to deformity, disability or even death. #n a Hemophiliac the bleedin continues until either it clotsHemophiliac the bleedin continues until either it clots lon enouh for it to heal or the person will bleed tolon enouh for it to heal or the person will bleed to death. death.History of HemophiliaHistory of HemophiliaThe earliest references to hemophilia can be The earliest references to hemophilia can be found in second century 'ewish writins. found in second century 'ewish writins. The first attempts to treat hemophilia was by The first attempts to treat hemophilia was by replacin the clottin factory with blood plasma replacin the clottin factory with blood plasma ta&en from pis and cows.ta&en from pis and cows.#n the ()*+s scientists found two approaches to #n the ()*+s scientists found two approaches to the diseasethe disease,ne that was called prophyla-is re.uired in/ectin ,ne that was called prophyla-is re.uired in/ectin doses of the clottin factor on a reular basisdoses of the clottin factor on a reular basisThe second was to in/ect the factor whenever the The second was to in/ect the factor whenever the bleedin occurred bleedin occurred How do you et it?How do you et it?Hemophilia is a enetic disease and is passed Hemophilia is a enetic disease and is passed on by the $ chromosome !the chromosome that on by the $ chromosome !the chromosome that carries the clottin factor%.carries the clottin factor%.#f a boy ets the $ chromosome that carries the #f a boy ets the $ chromosome that carries the hemophilia ene he will become a hemophiliac.hemophilia ene he will become a hemophiliac.#f a irl et the ene, she will become the carrier #f a irl et the ene, she will become the carrier of the ene, not showin symptoms of the of the ene, not showin symptoms of the disease thouh she may have a lon or heavy disease thouh she may have a lon or heavy menstrual cycle. The carrier has a 0+1 chance menstrual cycle. The carrier has a 0+1 chance of passin the ene on to her children every time of passin the ene on to her children every time she ets prenant.she ets prenant.How do you et it ctd. How do you et it ctd. How do you &now if you have it?How do you &now if you have it?When a baby starts to crawl the parents may When a baby starts to crawl the parents may notice bruises on stomach, chest, buttoc&, and notice bruises on stomach, chest, buttoc&, and bac&.bac&.The baby may also be fussy, not wantin to wal& The baby may also be fussy, not wantin to wal& or crawlor crawl,ther symptoms include lon nosebleeds, ,ther symptoms include lon nosebleeds, e-cessive bleedin from bitin down on the lips e-cessive bleedin from bitin down on the lips or tonue, e-cessive bleedin followin a tooth or tonue, e-cessive bleedin followin a tooth e-traction, e-cessive bleedin followin surery e-traction, e-cessive bleedin followin surery and blood in the urine. and blood in the urine. Testin for HemophiliaTestin for HemophiliaThere are two ways to testThere are two ways to test for Hemophilia beforefor Hemophilia before birth thouh both maybirth thouh both may cause a siht ris& of acause a siht ris& of a miscarriae miscarriae,ne is to ta&e a frament,ne is to ta&e a frament of tissue from the placentaof tissue from the placenta and loo& at the eneticand loo& at the enetic structure. The 23A canstructure. The 23A can be e-amined to see if thebe e-amined to see if the child has Hemophilia. child has Hemophilia.Another way is to insert a thinAnother way is to insert a thin needle thouh the mother4sneedle thouh the mother4s abdominal wall. The needleabdominal wall. The needle has optical fibers and a systemhas optical fibers and a system which enables the doctor towhich enables the doctor to see the womb and fetus. Withsee the womb and fetus. With the imae, the doctor canthe imae, the doctor can insert a needle into theinsert a needle into the umbilical cord and draw out aumbilical cord and draw out a small amount of fetal blood.small amount of fetal blood. After the child is born, severalAfter the child is born, several blood tests may be carried outblood tests may be carried out to determine if the child has it. to determine if the child has it.2aily cost of Havin Hemophilia2aily cost of Havin HemophiliaBecause Hemophilia is a life lon disease Because Hemophilia is a life lon disease if you have it you need life lon treatment.if you have it you need life lon treatment.#t will cost any where from 5*0,+++ to #t will cost any where from 5*0,+++ to 5(60,+++ a year to treat severe 5(60,+++ a year to treat severe hemophilia.hemophilia.That is appro-imately 7( times an averae That is appro-imately 7( times an averae nonhemophiliac pays for health care over nonhemophiliac pays for health care over the course of a year.the course of a year.Averae life span of people with Averae life span of people with HemophiliaHemophilia8ear 8ear Averae ae at the timeAverae ae at the time of death of deathTreatments available atTreatments available at timetime Before ()79Before ()79(( (( none noneBefore ():9 Before ():9 6+ 6+ ;lasma or Whole blood;lasma or Whole blood transfusions transfusions():9 ():9 ryoprecipitate()97 ()97 := := Free?e dried clottinFree?e dried clottin factors factors()99 ()99 =+ ! impact of aids% =+ ! impact of aids% @ame @ame())) ())) 3ormal life span 3ormal life span Factors produced byFactors produced by enetic enineerin enetic enineerinAverae life span ctd.Averae life span ctd. This is a diaram of the /oints most commonlyThis is a diaram of the /oints most commonly affected by Hemophilia. #t most often occurs at theaffected by Hemophilia. #t most often occurs at the &nees, hips, an&les, shoulders, and elbows &nees, hips, an&les, shoulders, and elbows The most common muscles that bleed withThe most common muscles that bleed with Hemophilia are those in the the upper arm, upper leHemophilia are those in the the upper arm, upper le !front and bac&%, the calf and the front of the roin !front and bac&%, the calf and the front of the roin2aily life with Hemophilia2aily life with Hemophilia>hildren can not play with toys with sharp >hildren can not play with toys with sharp or hard edes.or hard edes.@ports or other outAside activities may lead @ports or other outAside activities may lead to in/uries. to in/uries. The patients will most li&ely want to clean The patients will most li&ely want to clean their teeth properly so diseases that can their teeth properly so diseases that can lead to bleedin in the ums will not occur.lead to bleedin in the ums will not occur. Facts About HemophiliaFacts About HemophiliaAbout (*,+++ people in theAbout (*,+++ people in the B@A have the disease. B@A have the disease.=++,+++ people throuh out=++,+++ people throuh out the world have it in =+the world have it in =+ countries. countries.Cach case of Hemophilia isCach case of Hemophilia is different. different.#t #s called the royal disease#t #s called the royal disease because it was passed downbecause it was passed down from Dueen "ictoria andfrom Dueen "ictoria and descended down the royaldescended down the royal blood line. blood line.Hemophilia may lead toHemophilia may lead to arthritis because bleedin intoarthritis because bleedin into the /oints can inflame the /ointthe /oints can inflame the /oint linin and destroy cartilae. linin and destroy cartilae.The Hemophiliac will not bleedThe Hemophiliac will not bleed any faster than a normalany faster than a normal person, the bleedin /ust willperson, the bleedin /ust will not stop as .uic&ly. not stop as .uic&ly.,rdinary bruises are rarely a,rdinary bruises are rarely a serious problem but cuts andserious problem but cuts and abrasions may bleed for daysabrasions may bleed for days !with out treatment%. !with out treatment%.BiblioraphyBiblioraphyWillet, Cdward ()0). Cnslow ;ublishers, #nc. 2iseases andWillet, Cdward ()0). Cnslow ;ublishers, #nc. 2iseases and ;eople: Hemophilia. ;s (69. ;eople: Hemophilia. ;s (69.Hemophilia: #nformation provided by 3#H E 3H