1
Traditional management of autochthonous endangered breeds of hen (Gallus domesticus) in the Iberian Southeast (Spain): between the ethnoveterinary and the superstition. J. Sánchez Balibrea, P. López Barquero, J.F. Martínez Pérez Asociación de Naturalistas del Sureste. Pza. Pintor José María Párraga nº 11 bajo 30.002 Murcia email:[email protected] CONCLUSSIONS CONCLUSSIONS CONCLUSSIONS CONCLUSSIONS 1) Cereals, occasionally molted, are the main food and carbohydrate source. Rarely they are supplied legumes (germinated soya) and animal proteins as protein source. 2) Very frequently the cereals are complemented by vegetables. The preferred wild herbs are purslane, amaranth and diverse compositae. On cultivated plants they are lucerne, onion and garlic. Most of these species have active principles to improve egg quality and to protect animal health. 3) Black pepper and garlic are very frequent in the supplements to little chicks. Both have antimicrobial activity. Sometimes they are supplied proteins of animal origin like egg, fodder and wasp larvae. 4) Some breeders prefer odd numbers (5 hens per cockerel, odd number of eggs per brrody hen) and avoid to begin incubation on Tuesday, probably in relation to superstitious beliefs. 5) Ash is used as external antiparasitic and quicklime and the sun as disinfectants. 6) It has been detected the traditional technique of sexing by the egg form. It is known but not usually applied. 7) Popular sayings mention the best breeding time and for enlarging clutch size. 1 lettuce uicklime Giant Cane Bennett, R.; Rosa,E.; Mellon,F. and Kroon, P. 2006. Ontogenic Profiling of Glucosinolates, Flavonoids, and Other Secondary Metabolites in Eruca sativa (Salad Rocket), Diplotaxis erucoides (Wall Rocket), Diplotaxis tenuifolia (Wild Rocket), and Bunias orientalis (Turkish Rocket). J. Agric. Food Chem. 54 (11), pp 4005–4015. * Bodas, R.; López Campos, O.; Mantecón, Á.; R. López, S.; González, J.S:; Giráldez, F. J.. 2009 Inclusión de Urtica dioica en la ración de corderos en la fase de cebo. XXXIX Jornadas de Estudio AIDA (XIII Jornadas sobre Producción Animal). ITEA, Tomo I, 349-351. * Chan, K.; Islam, M. W.; Kamil, M.; Radhakrishnan, R.; Zakaria, M. N. M; Habibullah, M and Attas, A. 2000. The analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of Portulaca oleracea L. subsp. sativa (Haw.) Celak. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. Volume 73, Issue 3, December 2000, Pages 445-451. * Chester J. Cavallito, J. and Hays, B. 1944 Allicin, the Antibacterial Principle of Allium sativum. I. Isolation, Physical Properties and Antibacterial Action J. Am. Chem. Soc., 66 (11), pp 1950–1951. * Chun-hong,H.; Zhi-yong, H. y Xiao-qing, W. 2009. Study on the feeding value of the wide Portulaca oleracea meal in Changde city. Journal of Hunan University of Arts and Science(Science and Technology). * Dalle Zotte,A.;Tomasello,F. and Andrighetto, I. 2005. The dietary inclusion of Portulaca oleracea to the diet of laying hens increases the n-3 fatty acids content and reduces the cholesterol content in the egg yolk. Italian Journal of Animal Science, Vol 4, No 3s. * Dawson, KA & Sefton, AE. 2002 Methods and compositions for control of coccidiosis - US Patent App. 10/206,132. * Dorman, H.J. and Deans, S.G. 2000. Antimicrobial agents from plants: Antibacterial activity of plant volatile oils. J. App. Microbiol., 88: 308-316. * Dougnon, J.T.;Anago,C.; Kpodekon, TM., 2010. Efficacite de Portulaca oleracea Linn. et de extra EGG&# 174 dans la stimulation de la ponte d'ceufs chez les poules Isa Brown: Etude comparative. Journal de la Recherche. * El-Zalabani S.M.; Mahmoud, II; Ahmed F.I. et Shehab N.G.1999. Protein, carbohydrate, mineral and vitamin contents of Sonchus oleraceus L. growing in Egypt. Al-Azhar Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences , 23:46-54. * Feng, P. C. 1961. High Concentration of (-)-Noradrenaline in Portulaca oleracea L. Nature, Volume 191, Issue 4793, pp. 1108. * Guarrera, P.M. and Lucia, L.M 2007 Ethnobotanical remarks on Central and Southern Italy. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 3:23. * Guil-Guerrero JL, Gimenez-Gimenez A, Rodriguez-Garcia I, Torjia-Isasa ME. 1998. Nutritional composition of Sonchus species (S. asper L., S. oleraceus L. and S. tenerrimus L.). J Sci Food Agric 76:628-632. * Hammond, J. A.; Fielding, D. and Bishop, S.C. 1997. Prospects for plant anthelmintics in tropical veterinary medicine. Veterinary Research Communications, 21:213-228 Rebrassier, R.E., 1934. Pyrethrum as an anthelmintic for Ascaridia lineata. J. American Vet.Med. Assoc., 84: 645–648. * Harris, J. C.; Cottrell, S.; Plummer, S. and Lloyd, D. 2001 Antimicrobial properties of Allium sativum (garlic) Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. Volume 57, Number 3, 282-286. * Havens, A.1992. System for producing low cholesterol eggs and feed additive resulting in same. US Patent 5,091,195. * Hussain, A., Nisar Khan, M, Iqbal, Z. and Sohail Sajid, M. 2008 An account of the botanical anthelmintics used in traditional veterinary practices in Sahiwal district of Punjab, Pakistan. Journal of Ethnopharmacology Vol. 119, Issue 1, 2 September 2008, Pages 185-190. * Jacks, T. J.; Hensarling, T. P. and Yatsu, L. Y. 1972. Cucurbit seeds: I. Characterizations and uses of oils and proteins. A review. Economic Botany Volume 26, Number 2, 135-141. * Jian, F.and Zeguang, F. 1998. Effect of Mn deficiency on reproductive performance in egg laying chicken. Chinese Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences. * Lans, C., Turner, N, Khan,T.; Brauer, G. and Boepple, W. 2007 Ethnoveterinary medicines used for ruminants in British Columbia, Canada. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 3:11. * Liu, L.; Howe, P.; Zhou, Y.; Xu, Zb.;Hocart, C. and Zhang, R. 2000. Fatty acids and β-carotene in Australian purslane (Portulaca oleracea) varieties. Journal of Chromatography A Volume 893, Issue 1, 29 September 2000, Pages 207-213. * Massiot, G: Lavaud, C.; Guillaume, D et Le Men-Olivier, L. 1988 Reinvestigation of the sapogenins and prosapogenins from alfalfa (Medicago sativa) J. Agric. Food Chem., 36 (5), pp 902–909. *Mugni,C. Dal Bosco,A.; Castellini, C. 2009. Effect of rearing system and season on the performance and egg characteristics of Ancona laying. Italian Journal of Animal Science, Vol 8, No 2. * Nag, A.; Galav, P. and Katewa, S.S. 2007. Indigenous animal healthcare practices from Udaipur district, Rajasthan. Indian Journal of tradicional knowledge. Vol 6(4) pág 583-588. * Palevith, D.;Yaniv, Z. Dafni, A. Friedman, J. 1991 Medicinal plant of Israel. An ethnobotanical survey. In Craker, L and Simon, J. Herbs, Spices and Medicianal Plant. Recent Advances in Botany, Horticulture and Pharmacology Volumen 1. * Rashed,A.N.; Afifi, F.U.; and Disi, A.M. 2000. Simple evaluation of the wound healing activity of a crude extract of Portulaca oleracea L. (growing in Jordan) in Mus musculus JVI-1. Journal of Ethnopharmacology Volume 73, Issue 3, December 2000, Pages 445-451.* Ríosa, J.L.; Escandella, J.M. and Recioa M.C. 2005 New insights into the bioactivity of cucurbitacins. Studies in Natural Products Chemistry Volume 32, Part 12, 2005, Pages 429-469. * Skandrani,I.; Sghaier,M.B.; Neffati,A.; Boubaker,J.; Bouhlel,I.; Kilani,S.; Mahmoud,A. Ghedira, K and Chekir-Ghedira, L. 2007 Antigenotoxic and Free Radical Scavenging Activities of Extracts from Moricandia arvensis Drug and Chemical Toxicology Vol. 30, No. 4 , Pages 361-382. * Sréter,T.; Széll, Z. and Varga, I. 1999. Attempted chemoprophylaxis of cryptosporidiosis in chickens, using diclazuril, toltrazuril, or garlic extract. The Journal of parasitology. * Tillman, P.B.; Waldroup, P. W. 1987. Effects of feeding extruded grain amaranth to laying hens. Poult-Sci. Oct; 66(10): 1697-701. * Vyshtakalyuk, А.B.; Khiroug, S.S.; Ezhkova, М.S.; Lapin, А.А. and Lysov, V.F. 2001. Amaranth vitamin-herbal flour ration in feeding hens: perspectives of their increased egg-laying productivity. Chemistry and Computational Simulation. Butlerov Communications. No 5. * Walker, R.D. 2003. Steroidal sapogenins for the control of coccidiosis in animals. US Patent 6,569,843. * Xiao-ling, Y. et al. 2008. Determination of Microelements in Portulaca oleracea by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences 16. * Zi-qiang, T.;Lei, L. And Liang, L. 2007. Study on effect of alfalfa(Medicago sativa) ration on egg quality of layers. Livestock and Poultry Industry 03. Castellana Murciana Alicantina Some autochthonous endangered breeds of hen ABSTRACT Background: Background: Background: Background: The lost of biodiversity is especially worrying concerning the autochthonous breeds of domestic animals. Parallel to the population decrease of these breeds, its is vanishing the traditional knowledge associated to their management. Objectives: Objectives: Objectives: Objectives: The study aims to compile information about the traditional management of fowl diseases and parasites in the Iberian Southeast with special focus on the use of both wild and cultivated plants. Methods: Methods: Methods: Methods: The information was obtained through semi-structured interviews to old people and breeders of autochthonous breeds which are at risk of extinction. The plants that, according to interviewed people, were used are evaluated with published literature in order to determine the possible effects on fowl health Results and conclusions: Results and conclusions: Results and conclusions: Results and conclusions: Traditional management of hens include the use of plants whose function is not only simple nutrition of the animals, as many species contain active principles which were experimentally shown to be useful for prevention and treatment of diseases and parasites which usually afflict to hens. However, we also recorded oral traditions for the management of the fowl that presents evident relations to numeric superstitions and magic. Keywords: Keywords: Keywords: Keywords: Hens, ethnoveterinary METHOD Number of interviews 9/ Number of men 5 Number of women 4 Age: 83, 76*, 72, 70, >65, 60, 44*, 40*, 30* *autochthonus breeders Questions related to the breeder and the hens he/she breeds, feeding and housing of the animals, numerical management, sexing of chickens and eggs, traditional sayings, other questions of interest. Wild amaranthus Purslane Ancestral technique of sexing eggs Ecologic fooder Preparing lucerne for hens 2) NUMERIC MANAGEMENT OF THE ANIMALS 3) SEXING OF CHICKENS 4) POPULAR SAYINGS 1) FEEDING

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Traditional management of autochthonous endangered breeds of

hen (Gallus domesticus) in the Iberian Southeast (Spain):

between the ethnoveterinary and the superstition.J. Sánchez Balibrea, P. López Barquero, J.F. Martínez Pérez

Asociación de Naturalistas del Sureste. Pza. Pintor José María Párraga nº 11 bajo 30.002 Murcia email:[email protected]

CONCLUSSIONSCONCLUSSIONSCONCLUSSIONSCONCLUSSIONS

1) Cereals, occasionally molted, are the main food and carbohydrate source. Rarely

they are supplied legumes (germinated soya) and animal proteins as protein source.

2) Very frequently the cereals are complemented by vegetables. The preferred wild

herbs are purslane, amaranth and diverse compositae. On cultivated plants they are

lucerne, onion and garlic. Most of these species have active principles to improve egg

quality and to protect animal health.

3) Black pepper and garlic are very frequent in the supplements to little chicks. Both

have antimicrobial activity. Sometimes they are supplied proteins of animal origin like

egg, fodder and wasp larvae.

4) Some breeders prefer odd numbers (5 hens per cockerel, odd number of eggs per

brrody hen) and avoid to begin incubation on Tuesday, probably in relation to

superstitious beliefs.

5) Ash is used as external antiparasitic and quicklime and the sun as disinfectants.

6) It has been detected the traditional technique of sexing by the egg form. It is known

but not usually applied.

7) Popular sayings mention the best breeding time and for enlarging clutch size.

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#6#-6*@2+%�=Bennett, R.; Rosa,E.; Mellon,F. and Kroon, P. 2006. Ontogenic Profiling of Glucosinolates, Flavonoids, and Other Secondary Metabolites in Eruca sativa (Salad Rocket), Diplotaxis erucoides (Wall Rocket), Diplotaxis tenuifolia (Wild Rocket), and Bunias orientalis (Turkish Rocket). J. Agric. Food Chem. 54 (11), pp 4005–4015. * Bodas, R.; López Campos, O.; Mantecón, Á.; R. López, S.; González, J.S:; Giráldez, F. J.. 2009 Inclusión de Urtica dioica en la ración de corderos en la fase de cebo. XXXIX Jornadas de Estudio AIDA (XIII Jornadas sobre Producción Animal). ITEA, Tomo I, 349-351. * Chan, K.; Islam, M. W.; Kamil, M.; Radhakrishnan, R.; Zakaria, M. N. M; Habibullah, M and Attas, A. 2000. The analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of Portulaca oleracea L. subsp. sativa (Haw.) Celak. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. Volume 73, Issue 3, December 2000, Pages 445-451. * Chester J. Cavallito, J. and Hays, B. 1944 Allicin, the Antibacterial Principle of Allium sativum. I. Isolation, Physical Properties and Antibacterial Action J. Am. Chem. Soc., 66 (11), pp 1950–1951. * Chun-hong,H.; Zhi-yong, H. y Xiao-qing, W. 2009. Study on the feeding value of the wide Portulaca oleracea meal in Changde city. Journal of Hunan University of Arts and Science(Science and Technology). * Dalle Zotte,A.;Tomasello,F. and Andrighetto, I. 2005. The dietary inclusion of Portulaca oleracea to the diet of laying hens increases the n-3 fatty acids content and reduces the cholesterol content in the egg yolk. Italian Journal of Animal Science, Vol 4, No 3s. * Dawson, KA & Sefton, AE. 2002 Methods and compositions for control of coccidiosis - US Patent App. 10/206,132. * Dorman, H.J. and Deans, S.G. 2000. Antimicrobial agents from plants: Antibacterial activity of plant volatile oils. J. App. Microbiol., 88: 308-316. * Dougnon, J.T.;Anago,C.; Kpodekon, TM., 2010. Efficacite de Portulaca oleracea Linn. et de extra EGG&# 174 dans la stimulation de la ponte d'ceufs chez les poules Isa Brown: Etude comparative. Journal de la Recherche. * El-Zalabani S.M.; Mahmoud, II; Ahmed F.I. et Shehab N.G.1999. Protein, carbohydrate, mineral and vitamin contents of Sonchus oleraceus L. growing in Egypt. Al-Azhar Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences , 23:46-54. * Feng, P. C. 1961. High Concentration of (-)-Noradrenaline in Portulaca oleracea L. Nature, Volume 191, Issue 4793, pp. 1108. * Guarrera, P.M. and Lucia, L.M 2007 Ethnobotanical remarks on Central and Southern Italy. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 3:23. * Guil-Guerrero JL, Gimenez-Gimenez A, Rodriguez-Garcia I, Torjia-Isasa ME. 1998. Nutritional composition of Sonchus species (S. asper L., S. oleraceus L. and S. tenerrimus L.). J Sci Food Agric 76:628-632. * Hammond, J. A.; Fielding, D. and Bishop, S.C. 1997. Prospects for plant anthelmintics in tropical veterinary medicine. Veterinary Research Communications, 21:213-228 Rebrassier, R.E., 1934. Pyrethrum as an anthelmintic for Ascaridia lineata. J. American Vet.Med. Assoc., 84: 645–648. * Harris, J. C.; Cottrell, S.; Plummer, S. and Lloyd, D. 2001 Antimicrobial properties of Allium sativum (garlic) Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. Volume 57, Number 3, 282-286. * Havens, A.1992. System for producing low cholesterol eggs and feed additive resulting in same. US Patent 5,091,195. * Hussain, A., Nisar Khan, M, Iqbal, Z. and Sohail Sajid, M. 2008 An account of the botanical anthelmintics used in traditional veterinary practices in Sahiwal district of Punjab, Pakistan. Journal of Ethnopharmacology Vol. 119, Issue 1, 2 September 2008, Pages 185-190. * Jacks, T. J.; Hensarling, T. P. and Yatsu, L. Y. 1972. Cucurbit seeds: I. Characterizations and uses of oils and proteins. A review. Economic Botany Volume 26, Number 2, 135-141. * Jian, F.and Zeguang, F. 1998. Effect of Mn deficiency on reproductive performance in egg laying chicken. Chinese Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences. * Lans, C., Turner, N, Khan,T.; Brauer, G. and Boepple, W. 2007 Ethnoveterinary medicines used for ruminants in British Columbia, Canada. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 3:11. * Liu, L.; Howe, P.; Zhou, Y.; Xu, Zb.;Hocart, C. and Zhang, R. 2000. Fatty acids and β-carotene in Australian purslane (Portulaca oleracea) varieties. Journal of Chromatography A Volume 893, Issue 1, 29 September 2000, Pages 207-213. * Massiot, G: Lavaud, C.; Guillaume, D et Le Men-Olivier, L. 1988 Reinvestigation of the sapogenins and prosapogenins from alfalfa (Medicago sativa) J. Agric. Food Chem., 36 (5), pp 902–909. *Mugni,C. Dal Bosco,A.; Castellini, C. 2009. Effect of rearing system and season on the performance and egg characteristics of Ancona laying. Italian Journal of Animal Science, Vol 8, No 2. * Nag, A.; Galav, P. and Katewa, S.S. 2007. Indigenous animal healthcare practices from Udaipur district, Rajasthan. Indian Journal of tradicional knowledge. Vol 6(4) pág 583-588. * Palevith, D.;Yaniv, Z. Dafni, A. Friedman, J. 1991 Medicinal plant of Israel. An ethnobotanical survey. In Craker, L and Simon, J. Herbs, Spices and Medicianal Plant. Recent Advances in Botany, Horticulture and Pharmacology Volumen 1. * Rashed,A.N.; Afifi, F.U.; and Disi, A.M. 2000. Simple evaluation of the wound healing activity of a crude extract of Portulaca oleracea L. (growing in Jordan) in Mus musculus JVI-1. Journal of Ethnopharmacology Volume 73, Issue 3, December 2000, Pages 445-451.* Ríosa, J.L.; Escandella, J.M. and Recioa M.C. 2005 New insights into the bioactivity of cucurbitacins. Studies in Natural Products Chemistry Volume 32, Part 12, 2005, Pages 429-469. * Skandrani,I.; Sghaier,M.B.; Neffati,A.; Boubaker,J.; Bouhlel,I.; Kilani,S.; Mahmoud,A. 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Castellana Murciana Alicantina

Some autochthonous endangered breeds of hen

ABSTRACT

Background: Background: Background: Background: The lost of biodiversity is especially worrying concerning the autochthonous breeds of domestic animals. Parallel to the population

decrease of these breeds, its is vanishing the traditional knowledge associated to their management.

Objectives: Objectives: Objectives: Objectives: The study aims to compile information about the traditional management of fowl diseases and parasites in the Iberian Southeast with

special focus on the use of both wild and cultivated plants.

Methods: Methods: Methods: Methods: The information was obtained through semi-structured

interviews to old people and breeders of autochthonous breeds which are

at risk of extinction. The plants that, according to interviewed people, were used are evaluated with published literature in order to determine

the possible effects on fowl health

Results and conclusions:Results and conclusions:Results and conclusions:Results and conclusions: Traditional management of hens include the use of plants whose function is not only simple nutrition of the animals, as

many species contain active principles which were experimentally shown

to be useful for prevention and treatment of diseases and parasites which

usually afflict to hens. However, we also recorded oral traditions for the

management of the fowl that presents evident relations to numeric superstitions and magic.

Keywords: Keywords: Keywords: Keywords: Hens, ethnoveterinary

METHOD

Number of interviews 9/ Number of men 5 Number of women 4

Age: 83, 76*, 72, 70, >65, 60, 44*, 40*, 30*

*autochthonus breeders

Questions related to the breeder and the hens he/she breeds, feeding and

housing of the animals, numerical management, sexing of chickens and

eggs, traditional sayings, other questions of interest.

Wild amaranthus

Purslane

Ancestral technique of sexing eggs

Ecologic fooderPreparing lucerne for hens

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