HERBAL ANTI- MICROBIAL

AGENTS

Seminar by:

PAYAL SHAH

Chemical anti-microbial agents

They are drugs effective in treatment against infection due to there selective toxicity ability to kill an invading micro-organism.

They are selected on basis of: Infection Cost of therapy Safety of agents Sensitivity to particular agent and Patient factor

Classification

Sulfonamides e.g.: Sulfadiazine, Dapsone Diaminopyrimidines e.g.: Trimethoprime Qinolines e.g.: Nalidixic acid, Ciprofloxacin B-lactam antibiotics e.g.: penicillin, cephalosporin Tetracycline e.g.: Oxytetracycline, Doxycycline Amino glycosides e.g.: Gentamycin Macrolids e.g.: Erythromycin Nitrobenzene derivatives e.g.: chlormphenicol Imidazole derivative e.g.: Clotrimazole Others e.g.: Rifampicin, Clindamycin

Problems arising with use of chemical anti-microbial agents

Toxicity Local irritancy Systemic toxicity Hypersensitivity Super infection Because of above reason HERBAL ANTI-

MICROBAL AGENTS are used. These are drugs obtained from natural sources such

as plant including roots, stem, flowers, bark etc.

St. John’s Wort

St. Johns Wort Latin name: Hypericium Perforatum Family: Hypericaceae Synonym: Hypericum, Millepertuis Parts used: Herb Chemical constituents: Hypericin is active chemical constituent Mechanism of action: by inhibition of metabolism Most effective anti bacterial anti viral effect Used in psycho vegetative disturbance, depression and nervous

disturbance Side effects causes dizziness, tiredness, photo toxicity, photo

allergy etc.

Melissa

Melissa Latin name: Melissa Officinals Family: Labiatae Synonym: Lemon balm, sweet balm, bee balm, honey plant Parts used: dried leaves and flowering tops Chemical constituent: Geranial is an active constituent Active component is caffeic acid which shows anti viral effect Mechanism of action: by inhibiting protein synthesis It is used as mild sedative and as antispasmodic to treat

menstrual cramps It causes burning sensation, irritation, drowsiness

Echinacea

Echinacea Latin name: Echinacea Angustifolia Family: Asteraceaea / Compositae Synonym: Black Sampson, cone flower Parts used: Rhizome, root Chemical constituent: Tussilagine is active

constituent Mechanism of action: by inhibition of cell wall

synthesis Shows anti bacterial activity by inhibiting enzyme

hyluronidase Used as antiseptic, antiviral Side effects causes fever, nausea, vomiting etc.

GoldenSeal

Goldenseal Latin name: Hydrastis Canadensis Family: Ranuncul Aceae Synonym: Yellow root Parts used: Rhizome, root Chemical constituent: Berberine is an active constituent Mechanism of action :by inhibiting nucleic acid function and

synthesis Used as somatic, oxytoxic, laxative etc. Side effects:nausea, vomiting, breathing failure or numbness It interacts with anticoagulant activity of heparin

Neem

Neem

Latin name: Azadircalita Indica Family: Meliaccae Synonym: Neem, Nimba Parts used: Bark, leaves, branches, seed, latex Chemical constituent: Azadircalita is an active

constituent Mechanism of action: by inhibiting metabolism Effective against E.coli, H. influenza, gonococci etc. Externally used in application of skin diseases

Cinnamon

Cinnamon Latin name: Cinnamomum Zeylanicum Family: Lauraceae Synonym: Cinnamon bark, kalmi-dalchini, ceylon cinnamon Parts used: Inner bark Chemical constituent: Cinnamaldehyde is active constituent It shows anti microbial activity against cell wall of bacteria and

cell membrane Used as carminative, antimicrobial, antiseptic, anthelmintic It causes irritation and sensitizing effect

Garlic

Garlic Latin name: Allium Sativum Family: Lillaceae Synonym: Allium, garlic, lasun Parts used: Bulb(clove) Chemical constituents: Sulfur compounds are

important chemical constituent Anti microbial action against gm positive gm

negative bacteria Used as bacteriostatic, expectorant, anti viral,

antiseptic, anthelmintic It causes loss of appetite nausea, vomiting etc.

Turmeric

Turmeric Latin name: Curcumin Domestica Family: Zingiberacea Synonym: Indian saffron, Haldi Parts used: Rhizome Chemical constituent: Curcumin is an active constituent Shows anti microbial, anti tumorial, antioxidant, anti inflammatory

effects Metabolities are formed in liver Used for kidney inflammation, fever, headaches, colds, worms,

itching, etc. It causes stomach complaints, epigastric distress and nausea

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