Fouilles à Quartier d’OrléansExcavations in French Quarter

Le musée de Saint-MartinSaint-Martin Museum

L’ancienne prison The old Jail

SAINT-MARTIN

SINT-MAARTEN

No 1 Octobre 2009

François AugustePERRINON

8 Buncamper Road - Phillipsburg - St. MaartenTel: (599) 542 2140 - Fax: (599) 542 2241

Email: info@cltbv.com

SOMMAIREFrançois Auguste Perrinon Pages 2 à 9

Fouilles archéologiques à Quartier d’Orléans.

Archaeological excavations in French Quarter. Page 10

Le Musée de Saint Martin.

The Saint Martin Museum. Page 11

Un club patrimoine pour les juniors.

The junior heritage club, for the youth. Page 12

Après une mise entre paren-thèses de plus de 3 ans, suite à la fermeture du Musée de Saint Martin, l’Association Archéolo-gique Hope Estate (A.A.H.E.) a repris ses activités. Vous dé-couvrirez chaque mois dans les pages de notre revue « Heritage Saint-Martin/Sint Maarten » des articles rendant compte de nos projets et actions, mais aussi de la préhistoire et de l’histoire de notre île. Pour permettre la dis-tribution gratuite de cette nou-velle publication, nous avons reçu le soutien de nombreuses entreprises attachées à la dé-fense de notre patrimoine et je tiens à les remercier chaleureu-sement de leur participation.

D’ici quelques semaines, vous verrez des actions concrètes mises en place pour la préser-vation et la mise en valeur de nos sites. Ces actions ont reçu le soutien de la Collectivité de Saint Martin et de la Direction Régionale des Affaires Cultu-relles et seront développées dans nos prochaines éditions. Dans ce premier numéro, nous vous invitons à découvrir Fran-çois Auguste Perrinon, homme d’importance s’il en est, ayant contribué à l’abolition immé-diate de l’esclavage dans les colonies françaises en 1848. Nous revenons également sur les fouilles effectuées cet été à Quartier d’Orléans, ainsi que

sur les activités mises en place par le Musée de Saint Martin. Depuis 23 ans au service du Patrimoine de Saint Martin, l’A.A.H.E. Passe à la vitesse supérieure en collaborant étroi-tement avec les autorités com-pétentes de la Collectivité, ainsi qu’avec la D.R.A.C. Si vous sou-haitez participer à nos actions, n’hésitez pas à nous contacter.

HERITAGESaint-Martin/Sint Maarten

Editeur : Association Archéologique Hope

EstateBP 507, Marigot,

97150 Saint MartinTel : 0690 56 78 92

E-mail : heritagesxm@live.frDirecteur de publication/

rédaction : Christophe Hénocq Photographies :

Herve Bais / A.A.H.E.Service commercial :

0690 50 14 12Maquette et Graphisme :

Traduction : Oui Translate0690 48 59 66Impression :

PRIM CaraïbesTel.: 05 90 29 44 87

EDITOEDITOEDITO

After a 3 year hiatus, the Saint Martin museum has resumed its activities thanks to the, Ar-chaeological Association of Hope Estate (A.A.H.E.). You will discover every month in the pages of our magazine “Heritage Saint Martin / Sint Maarten” Not only our projects and actions, but the history and prehistory of our island. In order to enable us to distri-bute this new and innovative publication free of charge, we have received the support of many companies that main-tain constant efforts to de-fend our heritage and I would like to extend a warm thanks

to their participation. During the following few weeks, you will witness concrete actions that have been put in place to safeguard the preservation and development of our sites. These actions have received the support of the collectivity of Saint Martin and the Re-gional Direction of Cultural Affairs and we will report on this more thoroughly in our upcoming editions. In this fi rst issue, we invite you to disco-ver François Auguste Perri-non, an important historical fi gure who contributed to the immediate abolition of slavery in the French colonies in 1848.

We also uncover the excava-tions carried out this summer in French Quarter, as well as cultural and touristic activities implemented by Saint Martin museum. Dedicated for the past 23 years to the heritage of Saint Martin, A.A.H.E is now ready to move into fi fth gear and tightly collaborate with competent authorities of the community, as well as with the D.R.A.C. to move forward and share our knowledge of wealth with our readers. If you want to participate in our actions, don’t hesitate to contact us. C. HENOCQ

Saline de Grand Case vers 1850.Grand Case salt march about 1850.

Distribue par:CARIBBEAN LIQUORS

& TOBACCO B.V.8 Buncamper Road - Phillipsburg - St. Maarten

Tel: (599) 542 2140 - Fax: (599) 542 2241Email: info@cltbv.com

S’il est un personnage d’importance ayant contribué à la promulgation du décret d’abolition totale et immé-diate de l’esclavage à Saint Martin, c’est bien François Auguste Per-rinon. Cet homme eut au XIXème siècle un destin peu commun, qui en fi t l’un des proches collabora-teurs de Victor Schœlcher, honoré dans toutes les îles Antillaises pour son combat pour l’émancipation des esclaves des colonies fran-çaises.

1812 Un métis élevé à la Martinique confronté au système esclavagiste

François Auguste Perrinon est né le vendredi 28 août 1812 à Fort Saint Pierre en Martinique. Sa mère, Rose, surnommée Rosiette dite Piquion était une métisse ou mulâtresse libre, affranchie sous le Consulat et domiciliée rue Dau-phine, à Fort Saint Pierre en Mar-tinique. Elle eut 4 enfants. Son véritable père était un blanc ou métis dénommé François Edouard, négociant propriétaire qui ne recon-nut jamais ses enfants. Rose, sa mère, proposa alors à un mulâtre de la commune du Carbet, Pierre, dit Perrinon, de l’épouser afi n de régulariser la position de ses en-fants. La grand-mère paternelle (mère de Pierre) de François Au-guste était une mulâtresse libre qui portait uniquement le prénom de

Perrine. C’est la transformation de son prénom qui donna le nom Perri-non que porta son père d’adoption.

Sa bisaïeule était une esclave ori-ginaire de Guinée. A la mort de son véritable père, Rose Piquion

AN ABOLITIONIST OF SAINT MARTIN

F. A. Perrinon fait chevalier de la légion d’honneur le 19 décembre 1847.F. A. Perrinon made chevalier de la légion d’honneur on december 19th 1847.

If there was one important fi gure having contributed to the promul-gation of the decree of complete

and immediate abolition of slavery in Saint Martin, it would defi nitely be François Auguste Perrinon.

This 19th century man with an uncommon destiny was very close to Victor Schœlcher, honoured across all the Antillean islands for his battle for the emancipation of the slaves of the French colonies. 1812 A half-blood brought up in Martinique confronted with the system of slavery

François Auguste Perrinon was born on Friday, August 28th, 1812 in Fort Saint Pierre in Martinique. His mother, Rose, nicknamed “Rosiette” Piquion was a half-blood or free mulatto, with pa-pers, living in Dauphine street, Fort Saint Pierre in Martinique.She had 4 children. His real father was a white or mulatto named François Edouard, who was a merchant and never acknowle-dged his children. Rose, his mo-ther then proceeded to propose to a man in the village of Carbet, na-med Pierre Perrinon, to marry her to regularize the position of her children. The paternal grandmo-ther (mother of Pierre) of François Auguste was a free mulatto who carried the forename of Perrine only. It is the transformation of this forename which gave the name Perrinon carried by his adoptive father. His great-grandmother was a slave native to Guinea. On the death of his real father, Rose Pi-quion inherited the coquette sum of 120 000 francs which allowed her to establish herself in Rouen, France with her children.Very young, Perrinon was confronted to the violence of au-thorities and settlers of Martinique towards the blacks and in a letter addressed to Schœlcher on Octo-ber 20th, 1842, he writes: « I had often heard the tales told by my family of the atrocities pro-duced by the colonial system. One of the childhood memories that stand out the most was the time when one of the most influential men in the community, the pro-secutor of the king Renaudin, hit my mother with a stick. Also even younger than that , in 1823, I had younger than that , in 1823, I had

1802

Bonaparte consul «à vie», rétablissement de l’esclavage aux colonies françaises.Bonaparte consul «for life», reestablishes slavery in the French colonies.

1801

Concordat, départ de l’expédition de Saint-Domingue pour la reconquête de l’île.Concordat, Departure of the expedition to Santo Domingo for the re-conquest of the island.

1804Haïti est la première nation noire à proclamer son indépendance.Haiti is the fi rst black nation to proclaim itself as an independent.

1807

Les Anglais renoncent à la traite des Noirs.British reject the traffi c of blacks.

2

FRANCOIS AUGUSTE PERRINONFRANCOIS AUGUSTE PERRINONFRANCOIS AUGUSTE PERRINONUN ABOLITIONNISTE DE SAINT MARTIN

héritera de la coquette somme de 120 000 Francs qui lui permettront de s’installer à Rouen, en France, avec ses enfants.Très jeune, Perrinon est confronté à la violence des autorités et des colons de la Martinique envers les noirs et dans une lettre adressée à Schœlcher le 20 octobre 1842, il écrit : « …J’avais souvent entendu raconter par ma famille les atrocités produites par le système colonial ; je conservais comme un des souvenirs de ma plus tendre enfance, la mé-moire d’un coup de bâton qu’avait reçu ma mère du plus influent des hommes, du procureur du roi Re-naudin ; et enfin, bien jeune encore, en 1823, j’avais vu l’implacable aris-tocratie coloniale bannir du sol natal presque tous nos amis dont le seul crime était d’avoir voulu, par leur conduite et leur travail, sortir de cet état d’ilotisme (NDLR : personne en état de dépendance vis à vis d’une autre) … ».

1837 Bref retour à la Martinique

C’est à cette époque que sa mère et ses 4 enfants rejoignent la France où Perrinon effectuera ses études secondaires pour intégrer l’école Polytechnique en 1832, d’où il sortira diplômé en 1834. Il a alors à peine 22 ans. François Auguste Perrinon est cette année-là le pre-mier homme de couleur diplômé de la prestigieuse école. En 1834, il part à l’école d’application de Metz pour se spécialiser dans l’artillerie et le génie de la marine.En 1837, le lieutenant Perrinon rentre en Martinique, non pas pour y prendre du service, mais pour

affaires et pour préparer sa lutte contre le système esclavagiste. Il rentre à Paris et le 31 janvier 1840,

1842 Retour aux Antilles, échanges avec Victor Schœlcher

En 1842, Perrinon est nommé ca-pitaine en second, puis en premier, adjoint à la direction à la colonie de la Guadeloupe.C’est à cette époque que Victor Schœlcher, critique dans son ou-vrage «Des colonie françaises, Abolition immédiate de l’escla-vage», l’attitude distante de Perri-non, au service du système escla-vagiste. Il écrit : « Les hommes de couleur d’Europe qui ont gagné un nom, sont restés parmi nous au lieu d’aller l’offrir en exemple aux amis, en admira-tion aux ennemis. La postérité leur fera l’eternel reproche de ne l’avoir point mêlé aux luttes fraternelles, ce nom qu’il leur fut donné de rendre éclatant. Les autres, bien élevés au sein des collèges de France, ca-pables de tenir un rang distingué dans ce monde et de communiquer à leur classe l’éclat de leur mérite, si-tôt qu’ils retournent aux colonies, se dégoutent vaniteusement de l’infime condition où ils se trouvent, ne savent point se suffire avec l’élite de leurs semblables ; ils aspirent à ce qu’ils devraient mépriser, s’irritent de leur solitude, et peu à peu quittent le pays pour n’y plus reparaitre. Ils veulent oublier qu’en abandonnant la pa-trie, ils abandonnent aussi la noble tache qu’ils avaient à remplir pour la réhabilitation de leur race ; ils déser-tent une cause sacrée. On nous a cité un officier d’artillerie sang-mêlé qui,

seen the implacable colonial upper class exile from the na-tal soil almost all our friends whose only crime was to have wanted, by their hard work, to be liberated from this state of ilo-tisme (Editor Notes : a person in state for-ced of dependency of other person) ».

1837 Short return to Martinique

During this time when his mother and her 4 children are in France, Perrinon will attain his higher edu-cation and then pro-ceed to the Polytech-nic school in 1832, where from he will graduate in 1834 at the young age of 22. In that year, François Auguste Perrinon is the fi rst man of colour to graduate from the prestigious school. In 1834, he leaves to study in Metz to specia-lize in navy artillery.In 1837, the lieutenant Perrinon in fi rst comes back in Martinique, not for military service, but for business and to prepare his fi ght against the slavery system. He comes back to Paris and on Ja-nuary 31st, 1840.

1842 Return to Antilles, exchanges with Victor Schœlcher

In 1842, Perrinon is named cap-tain fi rst in command, for the co-lony of Guadeloupe. It is in this era Victor Schœlcher, criticized in his work « The french colonies, immediate abolition of slavery », the distant attitude of Perrinon, in service of the slavery system. He writes : « The men of colour of Europe who earned a name, stayed among us instead of going to give example to the friends, in admiration to the enemies. Posterity will show them the eternal reproach for not having participated in our frater-nal conflicts, this name which was

Victor Schœlcher et Francois Auguste Perrinon vers 1847

Victor Schœlcher and Francois Auguste Perrinon about 1847

28 août/august 1812

Naissance de F.A.Perrinon.Birth of F.A. Perrinon.

1815

Les Cent Jours, défaite à Waterloo, Napoléon exilé à Sainte Hélène.The hundred days. Defeat at Waterloo, Napoleon exiled to Saint Helena.

1819

L’Espagne cède la Floride aux États-Unis.Spain gives up Florida to the United States.

1821

La Grèce se soulève contre la domination turque, indépendance de St-Domingue.Greece up raises against the Turkish domination, Santo Domingo wins independence.

3Les Anglais renoncent à la traite des Noirs.British reject the traffi c of blacks.

envoyé à la Martinique, demanda vite à permuter, ne pouvant tolérer la situation gênante que lui faisait la couleur de sa peau... Sa position était magnifique, il recula devant quelques déboires passagers. Qu’arrive-t-il de cette insuffisance philosophique dans les ainés de couleur ; c’est qu’il ne

reste plus de leur classe aux colonies, sauf de bonnes exceptions, que des hommes inférieurs de rang, d’édu-cation et de tenue, et que les blancs les peuvent repousser avec une appa-rence de raison sous prétexte d’iné-galité morale ! ».Perrinon répondra à Schœlcher par

given to them to make them look given to them to make them look given to them to make them look good. The others, well brought good. The others, well brought good. The others, well brought given to them to make them look good. The others, well brought given to them to make them look given to them to make them look given to them to make them look good. The others, well brought given to them to make them look good. The others, well brought given to them to make them look good. The others, well brought given to them to make them look given to them to make them look given to them to make them look good. The others, well brought given to them to make them look

up within the secondary schools up within the secondary schools up within the secondary schools good. The others, well brought up within the secondary schools good. The others, well brought good. The others, well brought good. The others, well brought up within the secondary schools good. The others, well brought up within the secondary schools good. The others, well brought up within the secondary schools good. The others, well brought good. The others, well brought good. The others, well brought up within the secondary schools good. The others, well brought

of France, capable of holding a of France, capable of holding a of France, capable of holding a up within the secondary schools of France, capable of holding a up within the secondary schools up within the secondary schools up within the secondary schools of France, capable of holding a up within the secondary schools of France, capable of holding a up within the secondary schools of France, capable of holding a up within the secondary schools up within the secondary schools up within the secondary schools of France, capable of holding a up within the secondary schools

rank differentiating them in this rank differentiating them in this rank differentiating them in this of France, capable of holding a rank differentiating them in this of France, capable of holding a of France, capable of holding a of France, capable of holding a rank differentiating them in this of France, capable of holding a rank differentiating them in this of France, capable of holding a rank differentiating them in this of France, capable of holding a of France, capable of holding a of France, capable of holding a rank differentiating them in this of France, capable of holding a

world and of communicating in world and of communicating in world and of communicating in rank differentiating them in this world and of communicating in rank differentiating them in this rank differentiating them in this rank differentiating them in this world and of communicating in rank differentiating them in this world and of communicating in rank differentiating them in this world and of communicating in rank differentiating them in this rank differentiating them in this rank differentiating them in this world and of communicating in rank differentiating them in this

their class the merit they deserve, their class the merit they deserve, their class the merit they deserve, world and of communicating in their class the merit they deserve, world and of communicating in world and of communicating in world and of communicating in their class the merit they deserve, world and of communicating in their class the merit they deserve, world and of communicating in their class the merit they deserve, world and of communicating in world and of communicating in world and of communicating in their class the merit they deserve, world and of communicating in

will soon go back to the colonies. will soon go back to the colonies. will soon go back to the colonies. their class the merit they deserve, will soon go back to the colonies. their class the merit they deserve, their class the merit they deserve, their class the merit they deserve, will soon go back to the colonies. their class the merit they deserve, will soon go back to the colonies. their class the merit they deserve, will soon go back to the colonies. their class the merit they deserve, their class the merit they deserve, their class the merit they deserve, will soon go back to the colonies. their class the merit they deserve,

When they return, they will When they return, they will When they return, they will will soon go back to the colonies. When they return, they will will soon go back to the colonies. will soon go back to the colonies. will soon go back to the colonies. When they return, they will will soon go back to the colonies. When they return, they will will soon go back to the colonies. When they return, they will will soon go back to the colonies. will soon go back to the colonies. will soon go back to the colonies. When they return, they will will soon go back to the colonies.

be disgusted of the insignificant be disgusted of the insignificant be disgusted of the insignificant When they return, they will be disgusted of the insignificant When they return, they will When they return, they will When they return, they will be disgusted of the insignificant When they return, they will be disgusted of the insignificant When they return, they will be disgusted of the insignificant When they return, they will When they return, they will When they return, they will be disgusted of the insignificant When they return, they will

conditions they find, unable to be conditions they find, unable to be conditions they find, unable to be be disgusted of the insignificant conditions they find, unable to be be disgusted of the insignificant be disgusted of the insignificant be disgusted of the insignificant conditions they find, unable to be be disgusted of the insignificant conditions they find, unable to be be disgusted of the insignificant conditions they find, unable to be be disgusted of the insignificant be disgusted of the insignificant be disgusted of the insignificant conditions they find, unable to be be disgusted of the insignificant

self-sufficient with their new found self-sufficient with their new found self-sufficient with their new found conditions they find, unable to be self-sufficient with their new found conditions they find, unable to be conditions they find, unable to be conditions they find, unable to be self-sufficient with their new found conditions they find, unable to be self-sufficient with their new found conditions they find, unable to be self-sufficient with their new found conditions they find, unable to be conditions they find, unable to be conditions they find, unable to be self-sufficient with their new found conditions they find, unable to be

elite; they aspire what they should elite; they aspire what they should elite; they aspire what they should self-sufficient with their new found elite; they aspire what they should self-sufficient with their new found self-sufficient with their new found self-sufficient with their new found elite; they aspire what they should self-sufficient with their new found elite; they aspire what they should self-sufficient with their new found elite; they aspire what they should self-sufficient with their new found self-sufficient with their new found self-sufficient with their new found elite; they aspire what they should self-sufficient with their new found

disdain, disgusted with their lone-disdain, disgusted with their lone-disdain, disgusted with their lone-elite; they aspire what they should disdain, disgusted with their lone-elite; they aspire what they should elite; they aspire what they should elite; they aspire what they should disdain, disgusted with their lone-elite; they aspire what they should disdain, disgusted with their lone-elite; they aspire what they should disdain, disgusted with their lone-elite; they aspire what they should elite; they aspire what they should elite; they aspire what they should disdain, disgusted with their lone-elite; they aspire what they should

liness, and little by little, leave the liness, and little by little, leave the liness, and little by little, leave the disdain, disgusted with their lone-liness, and little by little, leave the disdain, disgusted with their lone-disdain, disgusted with their lone-disdain, disgusted with their lone-liness, and little by little, leave the disdain, disgusted with their lone-liness, and little by little, leave the disdain, disgusted with their lone-liness, and little by little, leave the disdain, disgusted with their lone-disdain, disgusted with their lone-disdain, disgusted with their lone-liness, and little by little, leave the disdain, disgusted with their lone-

country, never to come back. They country, never to come back. They country, never to come back. They liness, and little by little, leave the country, never to come back. They liness, and little by little, leave the liness, and little by little, leave the liness, and little by little, leave the country, never to come back. They liness, and little by little, leave the country, never to come back. They liness, and little by little, leave the country, never to come back. They liness, and little by little, leave the liness, and little by little, leave the liness, and little by little, leave the country, never to come back. They liness, and little by little, leave the

wanted to forget that by leaving wanted to forget that by leaving wanted to forget that by leaving country, never to come back. They wanted to forget that by leaving country, never to come back. They country, never to come back. They country, never to come back. They wanted to forget that by leaving country, never to come back. They wanted to forget that by leaving country, never to come back. They wanted to forget that by leaving country, never to come back. They country, never to come back. They country, never to come back. They wanted to forget that by leaving country, never to come back. They

the fatherland, they also leave the the fatherland, they also leave the the fatherland, they also leave the wanted to forget that by leaving the fatherland, they also leave the wanted to forget that by leaving wanted to forget that by leaving wanted to forget that by leaving the fatherland, they also leave the wanted to forget that by leaving the fatherland, they also leave the wanted to forget that by leaving the fatherland, they also leave the wanted to forget that by leaving wanted to forget that by leaving wanted to forget that by leaving the fatherland, they also leave the wanted to forget that by leaving

noble task of rehabilitating their noble task of rehabilitating their noble task of rehabilitating their the fatherland, they also leave the noble task of rehabilitating their the fatherland, they also leave the the fatherland, they also leave the the fatherland, they also leave the noble task of rehabilitating their the fatherland, they also leave the noble task of rehabilitating their the fatherland, they also leave the noble task of rehabilitating their the fatherland, they also leave the the fatherland, they also leave the the fatherland, they also leave the noble task of rehabilitating their the fatherland, they also leave the

race, they desert a sacred cause.race, they desert a sacred cause.race, they desert a sacred cause.noble task of rehabilitating their race, they desert a sacred cause.noble task of rehabilitating their noble task of rehabilitating their noble task of rehabilitating their race, they desert a sacred cause.noble task of rehabilitating their race, they desert a sacred cause.noble task of rehabilitating their race, they desert a sacred cause.noble task of rehabilitating their noble task of rehabilitating their noble task of rehabilitating their race, they desert a sacred cause.noble task of rehabilitating their

They cited to us an officer of ar-They cited to us an officer of ar-They cited to us an officer of ar-race, they desert a sacred cause.They cited to us an officer of ar-race, they desert a sacred cause.race, they desert a sacred cause.race, they desert a sacred cause.They cited to us an officer of ar-race, they desert a sacred cause.They cited to us an officer of ar-race, they desert a sacred cause.They cited to us an officer of ar-race, they desert a sacred cause.race, they desert a sacred cause.race, they desert a sacred cause.They cited to us an officer of ar-race, they desert a sacred cause.

tillery, a half-breed, sent to Mar-tillery, a half-breed, sent to Mar-tillery, a half-breed, sent to Mar-They cited to us an officer of ar-tillery, a half-breed, sent to Mar-They cited to us an officer of ar-They cited to us an officer of ar-They cited to us an officer of ar-tillery, a half-breed, sent to Mar-They cited to us an officer of ar-tillery, a half-breed, sent to Mar-They cited to us an officer of ar-tillery, a half-breed, sent to Mar-They cited to us an officer of ar-They cited to us an officer of ar-They cited to us an officer of ar-tillery, a half-breed, sent to Mar-They cited to us an officer of ar-

tinique, who quickly asked to be tinique, who quickly asked to be tinique, who quickly asked to be tillery, a half-breed, sent to Mar-tinique, who quickly asked to be tillery, a half-breed, sent to Mar-tillery, a half-breed, sent to Mar-tillery, a half-breed, sent to Mar-tinique, who quickly asked to be tillery, a half-breed, sent to Mar-tinique, who quickly asked to be tillery, a half-breed, sent to Mar-tinique, who quickly asked to be tillery, a half-breed, sent to Mar-tillery, a half-breed, sent to Mar-tillery, a half-breed, sent to Mar-tinique, who quickly asked to be tillery, a half-breed, sent to Mar-

transferred, not being able to to-transferred, not being able to to-transferred, not being able to to-tinique, who quickly asked to be transferred, not being able to to-tinique, who quickly asked to be tinique, who quickly asked to be tinique, who quickly asked to be transferred, not being able to to-tinique, who quickly asked to be transferred, not being able to to-tinique, who quickly asked to be transferred, not being able to to-tinique, who quickly asked to be tinique, who quickly asked to be tinique, who quickly asked to be transferred, not being able to to-tinique, who quickly asked to be

lerate the embarrassing situation lerate the embarrassing situation lerate the embarrassing situation transferred, not being able to to-lerate the embarrassing situation transferred, not being able to to-transferred, not being able to to-transferred, not being able to to-lerate the embarrassing situation transferred, not being able to to-lerate the embarrassing situation transferred, not being able to to-lerate the embarrassing situation transferred, not being able to to-transferred, not being able to to-transferred, not being able to to-lerate the embarrassing situation transferred, not being able to to-

created by the colour of the skin... created by the colour of the skin... created by the colour of the skin... lerate the embarrassing situation created by the colour of the skin... lerate the embarrassing situation lerate the embarrassing situation lerate the embarrassing situation created by the colour of the skin... lerate the embarrassing situation created by the colour of the skin... lerate the embarrassing situation created by the colour of the skin... lerate the embarrassing situation lerate the embarrassing situation lerate the embarrassing situation created by the colour of the skin... lerate the embarrassing situation

His position was splendid ; he His position was splendid ; he His position was splendid ; he stood back from temporary trials. stood back from temporary trials. stood back from temporary trials. His position was splendid ; he stood back from temporary trials. His position was splendid ; he His position was splendid ; he His position was splendid ; he stood back from temporary trials. His position was splendid ; he stood back from temporary trials. His position was splendid ; he stood back from temporary trials. His position was splendid ; he His position was splendid ; he His position was splendid ; he stood back from temporary trials. His position was splendid ; he

What has become from this What has become from this What has become from this stood back from temporary trials. What has become from this stood back from temporary trials. stood back from temporary trials. stood back from temporary trials. What has become from this stood back from temporary trials. What has become from this stood back from temporary trials. What has become from this stood back from temporary trials. stood back from temporary trials. stood back from temporary trials. What has become from this stood back from temporary trials.

philosophical insufficiency in the philosophical insufficiency in the philosophical insufficiency in the What has become from this philosophical insufficiency in the What has become from this What has become from this What has become from this philosophical insufficiency in the What has become from this philosophical insufficiency in the What has become from this philosophical insufficiency in the What has become from this What has become from this What has become from this philosophical insufficiency in the What has become from this

elders of colour ; is because there elders of colour ; is because there elders of colour ; is because there philosophical insufficiency in the elders of colour ; is because there philosophical insufficiency in the philosophical insufficiency in the philosophical insufficiency in the elders of colour ; is because there philosophical insufficiency in the elders of colour ; is because there philosophical insufficiency in the elders of colour ; is because there philosophical insufficiency in the philosophical insufficiency in the philosophical insufficiency in the elders of colour ; is because there philosophical insufficiency in the

remains no more of their class in remains no more of their class in remains no more of their class in elders of colour ; is because there remains no more of their class in elders of colour ; is because there elders of colour ; is because there elders of colour ; is because there remains no more of their class in elders of colour ; is because there remains no more of their class in elders of colour ; is because there remains no more of their class in elders of colour ; is because there elders of colour ; is because there elders of colour ; is because there remains no more of their class in elders of colour ; is because there

the colonies, except a few good the colonies, except a few good the colonies, except a few good remains no more of their class in the colonies, except a few good remains no more of their class in remains no more of their class in remains no more of their class in the colonies, except a few good remains no more of their class in the colonies, except a few good remains no more of their class in the colonies, except a few good remains no more of their class in remains no more of their class in remains no more of their class in the colonies, except a few good remains no more of their class in

exceptions, all that remains are a exceptions, all that remains are a exceptions, all that remains are a the colonies, except a few good exceptions, all that remains are a the colonies, except a few good the colonies, except a few good the colonies, except a few good exceptions, all that remains are a the colonies, except a few good exceptions, all that remains are a the colonies, except a few good exceptions, all that remains are a the colonies, except a few good the colonies, except a few good the colonies, except a few good exceptions, all that remains are a the colonies, except a few good

lower rank of men, education and lower rank of men, education and lower rank of men, education and exceptions, all that remains are a lower rank of men, education and exceptions, all that remains are a exceptions, all that remains are a exceptions, all that remains are a lower rank of men, education and exceptions, all that remains are a lower rank of men, education and exceptions, all that remains are a lower rank of men, education and exceptions, all that remains are a exceptions, all that remains are a exceptions, all that remains are a lower rank of men, education and exceptions, all that remains are a

tenure, and which whites can now tenure, and which whites can now tenure, and which whites can now lower rank of men, education and tenure, and which whites can now lower rank of men, education and lower rank of men, education and lower rank of men, education and tenure, and which whites can now lower rank of men, education and tenure, and which whites can now lower rank of men, education and tenure, and which whites can now lower rank of men, education and lower rank of men, education and lower rank of men, education and tenure, and which whites can now lower rank of men, education and

push back with an appearance of push back with an appearance of push back with an appearance of reason on the pretext of moral ine-reason on the pretext of moral ine-reason on the pretext of moral ine-push back with an appearance of reason on the pretext of moral ine-push back with an appearance of push back with an appearance of push back with an appearance of reason on the pretext of moral ine-push back with an appearance of reason on the pretext of moral ine-push back with an appearance of reason on the pretext of moral ine-push back with an appearance of push back with an appearance of push back with an appearance of reason on the pretext of moral ine-push back with an appearance of

quality».quality».quality».reason on the pretext of moral ine-quality».reason on the pretext of moral ine-reason on the pretext of moral ine-reason on the pretext of moral ine-quality».reason on the pretext of moral ine-quality».reason on the pretext of moral ine-quality».reason on the pretext of moral ine-reason on the pretext of moral ine-reason on the pretext of moral ine-quality».reason on the pretext of moral ine-

Perrinon will answer Schœlcher Perrinon will answer Schœlcher Perrinon will answer Schœlcher quality».Perrinon will answer Schœlcher quality».quality».quality».Perrinon will answer Schœlcher quality».Perrinon will answer Schœlcher quality».Perrinon will answer Schœlcher quality».quality».quality».Perrinon will answer Schœlcher quality».

by a courier dated from October by a courier dated from October by a courier dated from October 20th, 1842 and sent via Pointe-20th, 1842 and sent via Pointe-20th, 1842 and sent via Pointe-à-Pître : à-Pître : à-Pître : « You will judge, Sir, by what « You will judge, Sir, by what « You will judge, Sir, by what is going to follow, of the justness is going to follow, of the justness is going to follow, of the justness « You will judge, Sir, by what is going to follow, of the justness « You will judge, Sir, by what « You will judge, Sir, by what « You will judge, Sir, by what is going to follow, of the justness « You will judge, Sir, by what is going to follow, of the justness « You will judge, Sir, by what is going to follow, of the justness « You will judge, Sir, by what « You will judge, Sir, by what « You will judge, Sir, by what is going to follow, of the justness « You will judge, Sir, by what

of your insights on the class of of your insights on the class of of your insights on the class of is going to follow, of the justness of your insights on the class of is going to follow, of the justness is going to follow, of the justness is going to follow, of the justness of your insights on the class of is going to follow, of the justness of your insights on the class of is going to follow, of the justness of your insights on the class of is going to follow, of the justness is going to follow, of the justness is going to follow, of the justness of your insights on the class of is going to follow, of the justness

coloured persons, a class I am coloured persons, a class I am coloured persons, a class I am of your insights on the class of coloured persons, a class I am of your insights on the class of of your insights on the class of of your insights on the class of coloured persons, a class I am of your insights on the class of coloured persons, a class I am of your insights on the class of coloured persons, a class I am of your insights on the class of of your insights on the class of of your insights on the class of coloured persons, a class I am of your insights on the class of

proud to be part of, and you will proud to be part of, and you will proud to be part of, and you will coloured persons, a class I am proud to be part of, and you will coloured persons, a class I am coloured persons, a class I am coloured persons, a class I am proud to be part of, and you will coloured persons, a class I am proud to be part of, and you will coloured persons, a class I am proud to be part of, and you will coloured persons, a class I am coloured persons, a class I am coloured persons, a class I am proud to be part of, and you will coloured persons, a class I am

perhaps regret, later on, having perhaps regret, later on, having perhaps regret, later on, having proud to be part of, and you will perhaps regret, later on, having proud to be part of, and you will proud to be part of, and you will proud to be part of, and you will perhaps regret, later on, having proud to be part of, and you will perhaps regret, later on, having proud to be part of, and you will perhaps regret, later on, having proud to be part of, and you will proud to be part of, and you will proud to be part of, and you will perhaps regret, later on, having proud to be part of, and you will

left your abolitionist pen in enemy left your abolitionist pen in enemy left your abolitionist pen in enemy perhaps regret, later on, having left your abolitionist pen in enemy perhaps regret, later on, having perhaps regret, later on, having perhaps regret, later on, having left your abolitionist pen in enemy perhaps regret, later on, having left your abolitionist pen in enemy perhaps regret, later on, having left your abolitionist pen in enemy perhaps regret, later on, having perhaps regret, later on, having perhaps regret, later on, having left your abolitionist pen in enemy perhaps regret, later on, having

inspiration, dishonouring us all, inspiration, dishonouring us all, inspiration, dishonouring us all, left your abolitionist pen in enemy inspiration, dishonouring us all, left your abolitionist pen in enemy left your abolitionist pen in enemy left your abolitionist pen in enemy inspiration, dishonouring us all, left your abolitionist pen in enemy inspiration, dishonouring us all, left your abolitionist pen in enemy inspiration, dishonouring us all, left your abolitionist pen in enemy left your abolitionist pen in enemy left your abolitionist pen in enemy inspiration, dishonouring us all, left your abolitionist pen in enemy

men and woman…In 1837… men and woman…In 1837… men and woman…In 1837… inspiration, dishonouring us all, men and woman…In 1837… inspiration, dishonouring us all, inspiration, dishonouring us all, inspiration, dishonouring us all, men and woman…In 1837… inspiration, dishonouring us all, men and woman…In 1837… inspiration, dishonouring us all, men and woman…In 1837… inspiration, dishonouring us all, inspiration, dishonouring us all, inspiration, dishonouring us all, men and woman…In 1837… inspiration, dishonouring us all,

I came in Martinique… to poll I came in Martinique… to poll I came in Martinique… to poll men and woman…In 1837… I came in Martinique… to poll men and woman…In 1837… men and woman…In 1837… men and woman…In 1837… I came in Martinique… to poll men and woman…In 1837… I came in Martinique… to poll men and woman…In 1837… I came in Martinique… to poll men and woman…In 1837… men and woman…In 1837… men and woman…In 1837… I came in Martinique… to poll men and woman…In 1837…

une note datée du 20 octobre 1842 et envoyée de Pointe-à-Pitre : « Vous jugerez, Monsieur, par ce qui va suivre, de la justesse de vos aperçus sur la classe de couleur à laquelle je m’honore d’appartenir, et vous regretterez peut-être, mais trop tard, d’avoir abandonné votre plume d’abolitionniste à des inspi-rations ennemies, et de nous avoir tous, hommes et femmes, flétris par quelque stigmate déshonorant…En 1837…je vins en Martinique…pour sonder ce mouvant terrain de préjugés et de passions… précisé-ment pour soutenir la lutte que vous m’accusez d’avoir évitée…J’arri-vais donc à la Martinique avec ces idées, fier de mon épaulette de lieu-tenant, fier de pouvoir montrer à mes compatriotes que l’instruction et la moralité sont les deux plus grands niveleurs de la so-ciété actuelle…Combien donc n’ai-je pas du être pénible-ment impressionné, lorsque…je vous vois apprécier si in-justement mes sentiments ! Eh ! Quoi, Monsieur, pour des déboires passagers, j’au-rais lâchement abandonné un poste d’honneur ; pour une position gênante, j’aurais menti à ma conscience et à mon devoir, j’aurais fui devant le péril quand je l’appelle de tous mes vœux ! Non, Mon-sieur, non, quelle qu’ait été l’interprétation que la classe de couleur ait donné à ma conduite, lors de mon séjour à

Vestiges des digues installées par Perrinon dans les salines de Grand Case vers 1844

Remains of dikes installed by Perrinon in Grand Case salt pond about 1844

Vers 1823

Départ avec sa mère Rose Piquion pour Paris.Departure with his mother Rose Piquion for Paris.

1824Charles X, roi de France.Charles X, King of France.

10 octobre/october 1826

Mariage de sa mère avec son père adoptif Pierre dit Perrinon.marriage of his mother with her father adoptive Pierre « Perrinon ».

Louis Philippe, roi de France, début de la mo-narchie de Juillet, 1ers trains en Angleterre, aux États-Unis et en France.Louis Philippe, King of France, Start of July monarchy, fi rst trains in England, the United States and France.

Abolition de l’esclavage dans les colonies britanniques.Abolition of slavery in the British colonies.

1830 1833 1834

Diplômé de l’école Polytechnique.Graduate school Polytechnic.4

une note datée du 20 octobre 1842 et envoyée de Pointe-à-Pitre : « Vous jugerez, Monsieur, par ce qui va suivre, de la justesse de vos aperçus sur la classe de couleur à laquelle je m’honore d’appartenir, et vous regretterez peut-être, mais trop tard, d’avoir abandonné votre plume d’abolitionniste à des inspi-rations ennemies, et de nous avoir tous, hommes et femmes, flétris par quelque stigmate déshonorant…En 1837…je vins en Martinique…pour sonder ce mouvant terrain de préjugés et de passions… précisé-ment pour soutenir la lutte que vous m’accusez d’avoir évitée…J’arri-vais donc à la Martinique avec ces idées, fier de mon épaulette de lieu-tenant, fier de pouvoir montrer à mes compatriotes que l’instruction et la moralité sont les deux plus grands niveleurs de la so-ciété actuelle…Combien donc n’ai-je pas du être pénible-ment impressionné, lorsque…je vous vois apprécier si in-justement mes sentiments ! Eh ! Quoi, Monsieur, pour des déboires passagers, j’au-rais lâchement abandonné un poste d’honneur ; pour une position gênante, j’aurais menti à ma conscience et à mon devoir, j’aurais fui devant le péril quand je l’appelle de tous mes vœux ! Non, Mon-sieur, non, quelle qu’ait été l’interprétation que la classe de couleur ait donné à ma conduite, lors de mon séjour à

la Martinique, il n’est pas un seul mulâtre…qui ne vous eut désabusé, si vous lui eussiez communiqué la page que je repousse aujourd’hui comme inju-rieuse et flétrissante». Nul doute qu’impres-sionné par la passion qui anime Perrinon pour la cause abolitionniste, cet échange pour le moins virulent rapprocha les deux hommes qui com-battront plus tard côte à

côte en faveur de l’aboli-tion. En 1843, Schœlcher en parle comme « Notre bon et brave ami ». A cette époque, Perrinon devient

Franc-maçon et il est chargé par la loge abolitionniste de l’Union de Saint-Pierre, d’obtenir à Paris la lettre de constitution auprès du Grand Orient de France. L’actuelle loge maçonnique de Saint Martin à Marigot porte encore le nom de Concorde-Perrinon.

1844 Mission à Saint Martin

Le 28 juin 1844, Perrinon part en mission dans l’île de Saint Martin. Il y rencontre le notaire Méry d’Arcy qui possède les concessions pour l’exploitation des salines de la Grande Case et de Bretagne (ac-tuellement Chevrise), avec lequel il décide de s’associer, ainsi qu’avec les frères Isnardon, négociants à Basse-Terre. Ils créent la société « Isnardon frères et compagnie».

this moving terrain of prejudice and passion… precisely to sup-port and uphold this combat that you accuse me of avoiding… I arrived in Martinique with these ideas, trusting my experience as of first lieutenant, proud to be able to show to my compatriots that education and morals are the most efficient equalizers of the ac-tual society... How could I be then nothing short of poorly im-pressed, when I see you appre-ciating my feelings so unfairly ! Eh ! Sir, for momentary trials and tribulations, I should have left a post of honor in a cowardly way ; for an embarrassing position, I should have lied to my conscience and to my duty, I should have run away in front of danger with all my strength ! No, Sir, no, wha-tever the interpretation the class of color gives in my behavior, during my stay to Martinique, there is not one single mulatto….who has disabused you, if you had

announced the situation that I so fervently reject today ». Without any doubt, Schœlcher was deeply impressed by the passion which enlivens Perrinon for the cause for the abolition of slavery. This particularly virulent exchange, brought both of these men closer and these two histo-rical fi gures will proceed fi ght abreast in favor of the abolition of slavery later on.In 1843, Schœlcher speaks about it as «Our good and brave friend». In this era, Perrinon becomes a Freemason and he is bestowed by the abolitionist lodge of the Union of Saint-Pierre, to acquire the letter of constitution in Paris to the Grand Orient of France. The actual Ma-sonic lodge of Saint Martin in Marigot still carries the name of Concorde-Perrinon.

1844 Mission to St Martin

On June 28th, 1844, Perrinon leaves on a mission to the island of Saint Martin. He meets the

la Martinique, il n’est pas un seul mulâtre…qui ne la Martinique, il n’est pas un seul mulâtre…qui ne la Martinique, il n’est pas

vous eut désabusé, si vous un seul mulâtre…qui ne vous eut désabusé, si vous un seul mulâtre…qui ne

lui eussiez communiqué la page que je repousse lui eussiez communiqué la page que je repousse lui eussiez communiqué

aujourd’hui comme inju-la page que je repousse aujourd’hui comme inju-la page que je repousse

rieuse et flétrissante». aujourd’hui comme inju-rieuse et flétrissante». aujourd’hui comme inju-

Nul doute qu’impres-sionné par la passion qui anime Perrinon pour la cause abolitionniste, cet échange pour le moins virulent rapprocha les deux hommes qui com-

Les digues de la saline de Grand-Case encore visibles sur la photo aérienne I.G.N. en 1955.

Dikes still visible on Grand-Case salt pond I.G.N. aerial photo in 1955.

Le sel cristallise encore aujourd’hui dansla saline de Chevrise (la Bretagne).Salt still visible in Chevrise (Bretagne) salt pond.

Diplômé de l’école Polytechnique.Graduate school Polytechnic.

1837Bref retour à la Martinique du Lieutenant Perrinon.Brief return of Lieutenant Perrinon to Martinique.

1840

Ministère Guizot - Mort de son père adoptif Pierre Perrinon.Department Guizot - Death of his father adoptive Pierre « Perrinon ».

26 mai

1er mariage avec Marguerite Telephe Plet, mulâtresse bourgeoise de St Pierre.1st marriage with Margaret Telephe Plet, Mulatto from St Pierre Bourgeoisie.

Perrinon est capitaine en premier.Perrinon is master fi rst.

1842 28 juin/june 1844

Mission à St Martin, associé à Mery d’Arcy pour l’exploitation des salines.mission at St Martin, associated Mery D’Arcy for the operation of the salt ponds.

5

Perrinon dirige alors la remise en état et l’exploitation des sa-lines et publiera un rapport intitulé « Résultat d’expériences sur le tra-vail des esclaves » en mai 1847. Il réunit une équipe d’une centaine de travailleurs libres et esclaves, dont

certains sont mis à disposition par les propriétaires d’habitations de Saint Martin. Dans son rapport, il démontre par des arguments économiques l’intérêt qu’il y a de bien traiter les esclaves et d’en-courager le travail par une rému-nération appropriée en fonction des responsabilités de chacun et proportionnelle au rendement de la récolte du sel. Il y contredit les théories des antiabolitionnistes en citant certains préjugés tels que « pas de fouet, pas de travail » ; ou encore « pas de moyens coercitifs, pas de respect, pas d’infl uence mo-rale » et il s’insurge contre ceux qui

« rappellent la prétendue paresse des noirs et qui s’étonnent que l’es-clave, n’ayant aucun but, aucun intérêt dans la société n’eut pas la vertu de s’accabler de peines et de misères pour augmenter, au dé-pens du sien, le bonheur de son maitre ». Il y décrit également les travaux nécessaires à la récolte du sel, encore visibles dans les deux étangs :

« Nos principaux ouvrages consis-taient dans la construction de fortes et longues digues d’en-ceinte destinées à séparer les eaux salées venant de la mer

des eaux pluviales descendant des montagnes ; dans la division de

l’aire ainsi réservée par d’autres di-gues moins importantes... La petite quantité d’eau dont il était couvert, exposée pendant toute la journée aux ardeurs d’un soleil brûlant, rendait fort pénible et difficile l’enfonce-ment des pieux destinés à recevoir le clayonnage des faces des digues. Ces pieux étaient coupés, à une assez grande distance de l’étang, sur des mornes où n’existent même encore que quelques petits sentiers prati-cables seulement aux piétons. Les travailleurs étaient employés, sui-vant les besoins du service, partie à couper et transporter le bois, partie à enfoncer les pieux et à clayonner, partie à piocher, pelleter et brouetter les terres de remplissage ».

« rappellent la prétendue paresse Saline de Chevrise à la saison sècheChevrise salt marsh in dry season.

Panier utilisé pour laver le sel.Basket used to wash the salt.

F.A. Perrinon à Paris vers 1850F.A. Perrinon in Paris about 1850

1846

Retour à Paris Perrinon nommé à la tête d’une fonderie.Return to Paris Appointed to head a foundry.

1847Fondation du Liberia par des esclaves libérés.Liberia founded by freed slaves.

May 1847

Publication de « Résultat d’expériences sur le travail des esclaves à St Martin ».Publication of the work «Experiences on the work of the slaves in St Martin».

Dec. 1847

Chevalier de la légion d’honneur.Knight of Honour.

février/feb. 1848

Abdication de Louis Philippe, proclamation de la Seconde République.Abdication of Louis Philippe, proclamation of the second Republic.Lors de la révolution les blancs propriétaires appuient la candidature de Perrinon.Further the Revolution, white owners support Perrinon candidacy.

4 mars/march 1848

Victor Schœlcher le fait entrer dans la commission d’abolition de l’esclavage.Victor Schœlcher invites him in the Committee of Abolition of Slavery.6

Isabelle Evasion et Saint-Martin Evasion

contribuent à la préservation du patrimoine de Saint-Martin.

notary Méry d’Arcy who has the concessions for the salt ponds of Grand-Case and Brittany (no-wadays Chevrise), with whom he decides partner with, as well as with the brothers Isnardon, merchants in Basse-Terre. They create the company « Isnardon Brothers And Company » . Perri-non oversees the exploitation and the labor of the salt ponds and will publish a work called «Result of experiments on slave’s work» in May, 1847. He unites a team of a hundred free workers and slaves, among whom some are put in disposition by the owners of plantations of Saint Martin.In his report, he shows via viable economic arguments, the inte-rest in treating the slaves cor-rectly and encouraging working and being remunerated a salary proportional to the responsibility given and to the amount of output of salt produced. He contradicts the theories of the anti-abolitio-nists by naming certain preju-dices such as « no whip, no job » or else « no coercive means, no respect, no moral infl uence » and he rises up against those who constantly « remind all of the alleged laziness of the blacks and who is surprised that the slave, having no purpose, no interest in the society had no aim to heal his troubles at his expense but at the expense of his owners happiness ».

The report also describes the work necessary for the salt crops to be bountiful, which are still vi-sible in both ponds : « Our main work consisted in the building of strong and long surrounding seawalls intended to separate sea water from the rain waters going down from moun-tains ; in the divisions of the areas reserved, by other less important seawalls... The small quantity of water with which it was covered, was exposed all day in the ardor of a scorching sun, thus making the soil difficult to pound the stakes into the parched soil to set up the fencing. The stakes were cut up a distance from the salt beds where only a few small paths existed to walk through. The workers were assigned various tasks according to the needs of the department, some cut and transported, others posi-tioned and pounded, while others shoveled and turned the dry earth and salt fill ».

Return to Paris, Political Entrance 1846

Perrinon returned to Paris, he was then appointed to the head of a foundry where he would perhaps make the steam operating salt mill visible near the MJC Grand-Case. The 4th of March 1848, Victor Schœlcher allows him to enter the Com-

1846 Retour à Paris, entrée en politique

Perrinon rentre à Paris, il est alors nommé à la tête d’une fonderie où il fera peut-être fabriquer le mou-lin à sel fonctionnant à la vapeur,

encore visible près de la MJC de Grand-Case. Le 4 mars 1848, Vic-tor Schœlcher le fait entrer dans la commission d’abolition de l’escla-vage. Lors de la révolution de Fé-vrier 1848, les blancs propriétaires dans les cercles Schœlchéristes de Paris appuient la candidature de Perrinon. Le 27 avril 1848, le gouvernement provisoire décrète l’abolition de l’esclavage en France et dans ses colonies. Perrinon est nommé commissaire de l’abolition, puis commissaire général de la République en Martinique et le 3 juin, il débarque sur l’île pour an-noncer la promulgation du décret d’abolition, mais la nouvelle l’a pré-cédé, annoncée par le général de brigade Rostoland le 23 mai 1848, provoquant des troubles impor-tants à Fort-de-France. Le 22 août, Perrinon est élu député et nommé représentant du gouvernement à la colonie de la Guadeloupe. Le 24 juin 1849, il est à nouveau élu député de la Guadeloupe, élection qui sera annulée par l’assemblée le 17 octobre à cause de la terreur qui règne dans la colonie. Il sera ensuite réélu et restera représen-

mittee of Abolition of Slavery. As of the February 1848 revolu-tion, the white owners in the circle of the Paris Schœlcherists sup-port the candidacy of Perrinon. April 27th 1848, the provisional Government declares the aboli-tion of slavery in France and its colonies. Perrinon is appointed Commissioner of the Abolition and then Commissioner General of the Republic in Martinique and June 3rd, he arrives on the island to announce the decision of the decree of abolition, but the news has already been announced by Brigadier-General Rostoland on May 23rd 1848, causing major riots in Fort de France. On Au-gust 22nd, Perrinon was elected member and appointed repre-sentative of the Government in the colony of Guadeloupe. On June 24th, 1849 he is the new Deputy of Guadeloupe, but the election will be cancelled by the Assembly on October 17th due to the terror that reigns on the island colony. He is then re-elected and will remain representative of the

people at the National Assembly (member of Guadeloupe) until the coup of December 2nd 1851 which takes Louis Napoleon Bo-naparte (Napoleon III) to power and causes the dissolution of the meeting. He refuges himself in 1852 in Saint Martin & resumes the direction of salt ponds in Che-vrise. He bought from Frederic Jones, from the island of Antigua, the English schooner «Revenue» and from Pierre Daniel Beau-pertuy a piece of land 25 meters wide by 32 meters deep in Grand-Case, with home and dependen-cies. His refusal to swear to the regime of Napoleon III, leads to his dismissal of the army offi cials. April 18th 1853, subsequently, his relationship with Napoleon III seems to improve since by Im-perial Decree of 13 August 1856, the right to exploitation of the salt mines for following thirty years was extended to Mr. Mery D’Arcy by colonial decree dated May 7th 1842 and brought Ninety-nine years for the benefi t of A.F. Perrinon and company. He will

F.A. Perrinon à Paris vers 1850F.A. Perrinon in Paris about 1850

7

27 avril/april 1848Le gouvernement provisoire décrète l’abolition de l’esclavage. Perrinon est commissaire de l’abolition, puis commissaire général de la République en Martinique.The Provisional Government enacts & follows the abolition of slavery. Perrinon is Commissioner of the abolition, and then General Commissioner of the Republic in Martinique.

3 juin/june 1848

Perrinon débarque sur l’île pour annoncer la promulgation du décret d’abolition.Perrinon disembarked on the island to announce the circulation of the Decree of abolition.

22 août/august 1848

Perrinon député et repré-sentant du gouvernement à la Guadeloupe.Member Perrinon and repre-sentative of the Government to Guadeloupe.

Nov. 1848

Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte, président de la République.Louis - Napoleon Bonaparte, President of the Republic.Il est fait offi cier de la Légion d’Honneur.He is made offi cer of the Legion of Honou r.

24 juin/june1849

Il est à nouveau député de la Guadeloupe.He is elected deputy of Guade-loupe again.

Tel. : 0590 52 22 22

tant du peuple à l’Assemblée Na-tionale (député de la Guadeloupe) jusqu’au coup d’Etat du 2 décembre 1851 qui porte Louis Napoléon Bo-naparte (Napoléon III) au pouvoir et provoque la dissolution de l’as-semblée. Il se refu-gie dès 1852 à Saint Martin où il reprend la direction des salines de Grand Case et de Chevrise. Il rachètera à Fréderic Jones, de l’île d’An-tigua, la goélette anglaise « Reve-nue » et à Pierre Daniel Beauper-thuy un terrain de 25 mètres de large sur 32 de pro-fondeur à Grand Case, avec mai-son et dépendances. Son refus de prêter serment au régime de Napoléon III, entraine sa radiation des cadres de l’armée le 18 avril 1853. Par la suite, sa relation avec Napoléon III semble s’améliorer

puisque par décret impérial du 13 août 1856, le privilège de l’exploi-tation des salines accordée pour trente années à M. Mery d’Arcy par

décret colonial en date du 7 mai 1842 est prolongé

et porté à quatre-vingt-dix-neuf ans au profi t de MM. A.F. Perrinon et compa-gnie. Il effectuera un voyage en Hollande

afi n d’obtenir l’autori-sation d’exploiter éga-

lement la saline de Great Bay en partie hollandaise en association avec le notaire Speetjens, créant

la puissante société des Etangs Salins de l’Isle de Saint Martin. François Auguste Perrinon s’est éteint à Saint Martin le 2 janvier 1861. Sa tombe se trouve dans la partie Est du cimetière catholique de Marigot.

Pièce de 10 Francs à l’effi gie de Napoléon III trouvée à St-Martin.10 Francs coin with Napoleon III

effi gy found in St-Martin.

Le broyeur à sel de Grand-CaseGrand-Case salt mill

make a trip to Holland for the authorization to also exploit the salt ponds in Great Bay Dutch side in association with the notary Speetjens, creating the powerful « Saint Martin Is-land salt pond Company ». François Auguste Perrinon died in Saint Martin Janua-ry 2nd 1861. His grave is located in the eastern part of the Catholic Cemetery in Marigot.

Une rue à Marigot porte son nomA street is wearing his name in Marigot

Pierre tombale de Perrinon visible au cimetière

catholique de Marigot.Perrinon’ s gravestone visible in Marigot Catholic cemetery.

17 oct. 1849Annulation de son élection à cause de la terreur en Guadeloupe. Réélu, il restera représentant du peuple à l’Assemblée nationale. Cancellation of his election due to the terror that exists in Guadeloupe. Re-elected, he will remain representative of the people at the National Assembly

2 dec. 1851Coup d’Etat qui porte Napoléon III au pouvoir et provoque la dissolution de l’Assemblée.Coup d’état that puts Napoleon III to power and causes the dissolution of the Assembly.

1852Il se refugie à St Martin et re-prend la direction des salines.Début du Second Empire.Refuges himself in Saint Mar-tin and resumes the direction of the salt mines. Beginning of the second empire.

31 jan. 1853

Décès de sa mèreDeath of his mother

13 août/aug.1856 1861Décret impérial accordant le privilège de l’exploitation des salines au profi t d’A.F. Perrinon et compagnie porté à 99 ans à partir de 1842.Imperial Decree granting the privilege of the exploitation of the salt ponds to A.F. Perrinon and company for 99 additional years starting from 1842.

Guerre de Sécession aux Etats-Unis.American civil war in the United States.

2 jan. 1861

François Auguste Perrinon meurt à Saint MartinFrançois Auguste Perrinon dies in Saint Martin.

1865Lincoln proclame la fi n de l’esclavage aux Etats-Unis.Lincoln proclaims the end of slavery in the United States.

9

1861 2 jan. 1861 1865

500

Clovis, roi des Francs se convertit au christianismeClovis King of Francs converts to Christian religion.

600

Début de la traite d’esclaves d’Afrique vers le monde musulman.Beginning of the traffi cking of slaves from Africa to the Muslim world.

650

Fin de l’occupation Cedrosan Saladoïde de Hope Estate.End of the Hope Estate Cedrosan Saladoïd settlement.

700Début du Néo-indien récent, occupation de la pointe des Canonniers aux Terres-Basses.Beginning of the Recent Neo-Indian, occupation of the Pointe des Canonniers in the Low lands.

750 – 950

Occupation Cedro-san Saladoïde de l’Anse des Peres.Cedrosan Saladoïd settlement in Anse des Peres

vers 1000

Occupation du site de Quartier d’Orléans, Néo-indien récent.Occupation of French Quarter site, Recent Neo-Indian.

1350

Occupation Chican Ostionoïde à Baie Rouge.Chican Ostionoïde settlement in Red Bay .

1492

Premier voyage de Christophe Colomb.Columbus’s fi rst voyage to the New World.

1550Disparition des derniers amérindiens de St Martin. Disappearance of the last Amerindians of St Martin.

An excavation cam-paign was held by the Hope Estate Archaeological As-sociation and has just recently ended in French Quarter betw- een Grand Fonds and Belle Plaine. The site, discovered in 1993, could not be exca-vated without au-thorization of land owners and the wait took more than 15 years before star-ting these surveys that will enable us to characterize the artifacts and date this pre-columbian occupation. This search has received the technical and fi nancial support of the Regional Ser-vice of Archaeology of Guadeloupe and immense volun-teer support . A trench of about ten meters long was opened

on the slope of the plateau ; hi-ghlighting the midens of recent Neo-Indian period (about 1000

years A.D.) containing several ar-tifacts remains left behind by the Amerindians. Among these re-mains are many ceramic shards, whelks (Cittarium Pica), shells, stone tools, turtle, fi sh and rodents bones, coals, trimmings and tools made of conch shells (Strombus Gigas) have been fi led. This ma-terial is currently being studied at Saint Martin Museum and a scien-tifi c report is under writing. We shall come back at greater length on the results of this study in our next editions.

Vue de la surface du site.View of site surface.

Roche gravée de Mohoà 500 m du site.

Moho carved rock 1500 feet from the site.

Quelques objets découverts à Quartier d’Orléans.Some of the artifi cats uncovered in French Quarter.

10

An excavation cam-

ARCHAEOLOGICAL EXCAVATIONS ARCHAEOLOGICAL EXCAVATIONS ARCHAEOLOGICAL EXCAVATIONS IN FRENCH QUARTERIN FRENCH QUARTERIN FRENCH QUARTER

17001350 1492 1550

Denise et Henri Parisis. Plantation de Spring, journée

du patrimoine 1995.Denise and Henri Parisis. Spring Plantation, Heritage Day 1995.

FOUILLES ARCHEOLOGIQUES FOUILLES ARCHEOLOGIQUES FOUILLES ARCHEOLOGIQUES FOUILLES ARCHEOLOGIQUES FOUILLES ARCHEOLOGIQUES FOUILLES ARCHEOLOGIQUES FOUILLES ARCHEOLOGIQUES FOUILLES ARCHEOLOGIQUES FOUILLES ARCHEOLOGIQUES FOUILLES ARCHEOLOGIQUES FOUILLES ARCHEOLOGIQUES FOUILLES ARCHEOLOGIQUES FOUILLES ARCHEOLOGIQUES FOUILLES ARCHEOLOGIQUES FOUILLES ARCHEOLOGIQUES FOUILLES ARCHEOLOGIQUES FOUILLES ARCHEOLOGIQUES FOUILLES ARCHEOLOGIQUES FOUILLES ARCHEOLOGIQUES FOUILLES ARCHEOLOGIQUES FOUILLES ARCHEOLOGIQUES FOUILLES ARCHEOLOGIQUES FOUILLES ARCHEOLOGIQUES FOUILLES ARCHEOLOGIQUES FOUILLES ARCHEOLOGIQUES FOUILLES ARCHEOLOGIQUES FOUILLES ARCHEOLOGIQUES A QUARTIER D’ORLEANSA QUARTIER D’ORLEANSA QUARTIER D’ORLEANSA QUARTIER D’ORLEANSA QUARTIER D’ORLEANSA QUARTIER D’ORLEANS

Une campagne de fouilles organisée par l’associa-tion archéologique Hope Estate vient de s’achever sur les hauteurs de Quar-tier d’Orléans, entre les Grands Fonds et Belle Plaine. Ce site décou-vert en 1993 n’avait pu être fouillé faute d’auto-risation des propriétaires des terrains. Il aura fallu attendre plus de 15 ans avant de pouvoir démar-rer ces sondages qui vont nous permettre de caractériser le matériel et de dater cette occupation précolombienne. Cette fouille a reçu le concours technique et fi -nancier du service régio-nal d’archéologie de la Guadeloupe et le sou-tien de bénévoles. Une tranchée d’une dizaine de mètres de long a été ouverte sur la pente du plateau, mettant en évi-dence des dépotoirs d’époque néo-indienne récente (environ 1000 ans ap. J.C.) renfermant de nombreux restes matériels rejetés par les amérindiens. Parmi ces restes, de nombreux tessons de céra-mique, des coquilles de burgaux (Cittarium Pica), outils en pierre,

ossements de tortue, de poissons, de rongeurs, charbons, parures et outils en Lambi (Strombus Gigas) ont été mis au jour. Ce matériel est actuellement en cours d’étude au Musée de Saint Martin et fera l’ob-jet d’un rapport scientifi que. Nous

reviendrons plus longuement sur les résultats de cette étude dans nos prochaines éditions.

Quelques objets découverts à Quartier d’Orléans.Quelques objets découverts à Quartier d’Orléans.

Fouilles à Quartier d’ Orléans.Digging in French Quarter.

Premier voyage de Christophe Colomb.Columbus’s fi rst voyage to the New World.

The Saint Martin Museum has mo-ved and is now located at Number 7, Fichot Street, behind the Catho-lic Church in Marigot. Installed in the ancient prison, the collections are displayed in a manner to ac-company the visitor through the discovery of the history of Saint Martin, 3250 BC up to the middle of the 20th century. You will also discover the geology and the va-ried natural wonders of our island. Opened since December 8th, 2008, the Museum has already received thousands of visitors among which hundreds of stu-

dents have received the guided tour. More than 600 objects including etchings, paintings and ancient maps are at the pu-blic’s disposition to im-prove their knowledge of the history that has forged our modern so-ciety.

Educational leaders, teachers and parents who are interested in participating in guided tours can do so via appointment by calling 06 90 56 78 92 or by going directly to the museum. The museum is open to the public every day from 9 am to 1 pm and 3 pm to 5 pm, closed on Sundays.

dents have received the guided tour. More than 600 objects including etchings, paintings and ancient maps are at the pu-blic’s disposition to im-prove their knowledge of the history that has forged our modern so-ciety.

THE SAINT MARTIN MUSEUMTHE SAINT MARTIN MUSEUMTHE SAINT MARTIN MUSEUMTHE SAINT MARTIN MUSEUM THE SAINT MARTIN MUSEUMTHE SAINT MARTIN MUSEUMTHE SAINT MARTIN MUSEUM THE SAINT MARTIN MUSEUMTHE SAINT MARTIN MUSEUMTHE SAINT MARTIN MUSEUMTHE SAINT MARTIN MUSEUM THE SAINT MARTIN MUSEUMTHE SAINT MARTIN MUSEUMTHE SAINT MARTIN MUSEUM

Intérieur du musée / Inside the museumIntérieur du musée / Inside the museumIntérieur du musée / Inside the museumIntérieur du musée / Inside the museumIntérieur du musée / Inside the museumIntérieur du musée / Inside the museum

11

1700

Plein essor de la traite négrière.Full develop-ment of the slave trade.

1/09/1715

Mort de Louis XIV à Versailles.Death of Louis XIV in Versailles.

1750

Début de l’ère industrielle, 800 millions d’habitants sur terre.Beginning of the industrial era,800 million people on Earth.

19/04/1775

USADébut de la Révolution (Guerre d’indépendance).Beginning of the war of independence (America).

1789

George Washington, premier prési-dent des Etats-Unis, prête serment.George Washington, fi rst President of the United States takes oath.

1789 Construction de la prison de Saint Martin, construction du Fort Louis.Construction of the Saint Martin prison and of Fort Louis.

26/08/1789

Déclaration des Droits de l’Homme et du citoyen.Declaration of human and civil rights.

15 mars 1790

Abolition du servage en FranceAbolition of indentured servants in France.

Denise Parisis nous a quittés. Denise Parisis vient d’être emportée et nous lègue près de 40 ans de recherches docu-mentaires dans les archives historiques des colonies Antillaises.Denise Parisis est née le 23 mars 1938 à Romainville. En juillet 1960, elle épouse Henry Parisis, et enseigne quelques temps à l’Université d’Orsay, avant de débarquer en Guadeloupe pour enseigner l’Histoire au ly-cée de Baimbridge. A la demande du Bureau du Patrimoine de Paris, elle est chargée avec son mari Henry de réaliser un inventaire du patrimoine industriel de la Guadeloupe. Elle travaillera plusieurs années à Saint Martin pour réaliser un inventaire des sucreries, pu-

blié par la société d’Histoire de la Guadeloupe en 1994. Ses recherches en feront une experte des archives départementales de la Guadeloupe. Denise était une femme de caractère, passionnée, passionnante, qui a grandement contribué à la connaissance de l’histoire de Saint Martin entre le XVIIIème et le XIXème siècle. Sa disparition est une perte énorme pour Saint Martin, comme pour toutes les iles Antillaises. L’AAHE s’associe à la douleur de son mari Henry, de ses enfants, de sa famille et de ses proches.

Denise Parisis left us. Denise Parisis just passed and leaves us about 40 years of research in the his-toric archives of West Indian colonies. Denise Parisis was born on March 23rd, 1938 in Romainville. In July, 1960, she maries Henry Parisis, and teaches some time at the University of Orsay, before landing in Guadeloupe to teach the History to the high school of Baimbridge. At the request of the Heritage Bureau of Paris, she is charged with her husband Henry to realize an inventory of the industrial heritage of Guadeloupe. She will work several years on Saint Martin to realize an inventory of the sugar plantations, published by the Historical society of Gua-deloupe in 1994. Her researches will make her an expert of the departmental archives of Guadeloupe. Denise was a woman of character, a passionate person, fascinating, who largely contributed to the knowledge of the history of Saint Mar-tin between the 18th and the 19th century. Her disappearance is an enormous loss for Saint Martin, as for all the West Indian islands.The AAHE joins to the pain of her husband Henry, her children, her family and her close relations.

Denise et Henri Parisis. Plantation de Spring, journée

du patrimoine 1995.Denise and Henri Parisis. Spring Plantation, Heritage Day 1995.

LE MUSEE DE SAINT MARTINLE MUSEE DE SAINT MARTINLE MUSEE DE SAINT MARTINLE MUSEE DE SAINT MARTINLE MUSEE DE SAINT MARTINLE MUSEE DE SAINT MARTINLE MUSEE DE SAINT MARTINLE MUSEE DE SAINT MARTINLE MUSEE DE SAINT MARTINLE MUSEE DE SAINT MARTINLE MUSEE DE SAINT MARTINLE MUSEE DE SAINT MARTINLE MUSEE DE SAINT MARTINLE MUSEE DE SAINT MARTINLE MUSEE DE SAINT MARTINLE MUSEE DE SAINT MARTINLE MUSEE DE SAINT MARTINLE MUSEE DE SAINT MARTINLE MUSEE DE SAINT MARTINLE MUSEE DE SAINT MARTINLE MUSEE DE SAINT MARTIN

Le Musée de Saint Martin a démé-nagé et se trouve désormais au nu-méro 7 rue Fichot, derrière l’église catholique de Marigot.Installées dans l’ancienne prison, les collections exposées accom-pagnent le visiteur à la découverte de la préhistoire et de l’histoire de Saint Martin, de 3250 avant J.C. jusqu’au milieu du 20ème siècle. Vous y découvrirez aussi la géo-logie et les différents milieux natu-rels de notre île. Ouvert depuis le 8 décembre 2008, le Musée a déjà accueilli plusieurs centaines de vi-siteurs dont un millier de scolaires

venus suivre une visite guidée. Plus de 600 objets accompagnés de gravures, de peintures et de cartes anciennes sont à la dispo-sition du public pour parfaire leur connaissance de l’histoire qui a forgé notre société moderne. Les professeurs des écoles intéres-sés par une visite guidée doivent prendre rendez-vous en appelant le 06 90 56 78 92 ou se rendre di-rectement au Musée. Le musée ac-cueille le public tous les jours, sauf le dimanche, de 9h00 à 13h00 et de 15h00 à 17h00.

20/06/1791

Fuite de Louis XVI, arrêté à Varennes en Argonne.Louis XVI fl ees, caught at Varennes in Argonne.

Depuis le 15 septembre, le Mu-sée met en place un programme d’activités destiné à sensibili-ser les jeunes au patrimoine. Tous les mercredis, Corinne et Hervé animent ces ateliers où vos enfants se familiarise-ront avec les techniques de l’archéologie et apprendront entre autre à se repérer dans l’espace, à dessiner les cé-ramiques, outils en pierre et coquillages, ossements et par-tiront en reportage photo sur des sites historiques. Chrono-logie de la préhistoire, histoire des sucreries, du sel, architecture traditionnelle, rencontre avec les ainés sont quelques exemples des thèmes qui seront abordés durant ces ateliers. Les jeunes seront

également initiés à la photogra-phie numérique et à l’utilisation

de logiciels de traitement des images. Les inscriptions se font directe-ment au Musée ou en appelant le 06 90 56 78 92.

UN CLUB PATRIMOINE POUR LES JUNIORSUN CLUB PATRIMOINE POUR LES JUNIORSUN CLUB PATRIMOINE POUR LES JUNIORS

As of September 15th, the Mu-seum has set up a program of acti-

vities intended to bring awareness of our cultural heritage to the youth. Every Wednesday, Corinne and Hervé conduct these works-hops where your children will dis-

cover the techniques of archaeolo-gy and learn amongst other things, movement in space, how to etch in ceramic, and the utilization of stone and shell tools, artefact in-terpretation and will actually have the chance to visit, study and pho-tograph different historical sites. Other workshop themes include : Saint Martin prehistory, history of sugar Mills, salt harvesting, tradi-tional architecture, and meetings with the elders of Saint Martin. The children will also be initiated in digital photography and the use of various soft wares for photo-graphy purposes. Inscriptions and Reservations can be made di-rectly in the Museum or by calling 06 90 56 78 92.

THE JUNIOR HERITAGE CLUB, FOR THE YOUTHTHE JUNIOR HERITAGE CLUB, FOR THE YOUTHTHE JUNIOR HERITAGE CLUB, FOR THE YOUTH

12

1792

Les droits des mulâtres sont reconnus à St Domingue.Mulatos rights are recognized in Santo Domingo.

10/08/1792

Seconde révolution. Emeute des sans-culottes, fi n de l’Ancien Régime.Second revolution. Sans-culottes riots, end of the Former Regime.

4/09/1797

Coup d’état du 18 fructidor organisé par 3 Directeurs et Napoléon qui battent les royalistes.Coup of 18th fructidor prepared by 3 Directors and Napoleonwho take over the Royalists.

1798 HaïtiLutte de libération menée par François Dominique Toussaint-Louverture.Fight for emancipation leaded by François Dominique Toussaint-Louverture.

1799 Coup d’état du 18 Brumaire. Bonaparte prend le pouvoir et devient Premier Consul. Fin du Directoire. Fin de la Coup of 18th Brumaire. Bonaparte is in power and becomes First Consul. End of Directoire. End of Revolution. Consulat.

Les membres du Club Patrimoine en plein travail.The members of Saint-Mar-tin Heritage Club at work.

Etude des poteries amérindiennes.

Studying amerindian ceramics.

THE JUNIOR HERITAGE CLUB, FOR THE YOUTH