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Frame narrative; 1st person POV with Holden as the narrator and protagonist/participant.
NARRATIVE GENRE
1st person POV; informal, honest,
confessional, picaresque, a quest narrative, Bildungsroman (a German term for a novel that focuses on the character moving from childhood to maturity)
NARRATIVE TECHNIQUE & STYLE
idiomatic; repetitive and adolescent; conveys humor at times; indicates at times confusion/ mental deterioration
HOLDEN’S LANGUAGE/SLANG
An all-male elite school in Pennsylvania; most recent school (4th) that Holden has been kicked out of
PENCEY PREP
Holden worries about/fixates
on their safety and well-being when the lagoon freezes; indication of compassion but also immaturity
CENTRAL PARK DUCKS
Stradlater’s date; a friend from Holden’s childhood; had a lousy childhood; Holden feels protective of her
JANE GALLAGHER
(Save room for more later…)
Holden wears it backward to indicate rebellion against society
RED HUNTING HAT
Holden says he hates them;
believes they are phony, but he acts and imitates them; reveals Holden is an exhibitionist/has overactive imagination
MOVIES
Holden’s younger brother; died
of leukemia, leaving Holden emotionally troubled; had red hair and was wise/intelligent beyond his years; represents the innocence/height of childhood
ALLIE
Symbolic of Allie and a powerful
reminder of his brother’s untimely/unfortunate death; poems indicate sensitivity; the subject of the composition Holden writes for Stradlater
ALLIE’S BASEBALL GLOVE
red (like Allie’s hair); indicates a connection with Allie; a symbol of Holden’s quest/hunt for meaning, truth, love…
RED HUNTING HAT (CONT…)
Holden’s younger sister; one of the few people Holden connects with; values her imagination and innocence
PHOEBE
reminds him of his childhood;
nostalgia for permanence and stability; doesn’t change but everyone else does; he cannot enter
NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM
A gift Holden buys for Phoebe; he breaks it accidentally; symbolic of Holden as a “broken” record
“LITTLE SHIRLEY BEANS” RECORD
fascinated yet annoyed; likes
to flirt with but leaves feeling depressed by; has trouble connecting with; feels connected only to Phoebe and Jane
HOLDEN’S RELATIONSHIPS TO FEMALES
Holden’s home; the setting
of the inner frame; symbolic of potential corruption (hotel)
NEW YORK CITY
location of the ducks and their lagoon; where Holden goes after his day in NYC, but he gets lost and cannot find the ducks; where he breaks the record; cold and lonely
CENTRAL PARK
Holden’s desire to save/preserve the innocents; ironically, this fantasy is borne out of a misunderstanding of the poem’s meaning, which celebrates the corruption of innocence
“CATCHER IN THE RYE”
Symbolic of Holden who identifies
with him; was wearing Holden’s sweater; stubborn and fragile; jumped out of a window and fell (no one to “catch” him); falls to preserve his integrity; refuses to compromise
JAMES CASTLE
Mostly negative emotions that vary based on character: he is irritated with Ackley, he is jealous and angry with Stradlater, he is emotionally detached from his father, and he feels betrayed by Mr. Antolini
HOLDEN’S RELATIONSHIP TO MALES
Detached emotionally, except
with Phoebe; avoids/fears parental contact; doesn’t want to cause further issues for his mother who is also depressed
HOLDEN’S RELATIONSHIP WITH HIS FAMILY
signifies the approaching end of Holden’s journey and the inevitable return to reality; site of the fractured nature of the Caulfield family (even Phoebe is sleeping in D.B.’s room)
HOLDEN’S HOME
Holden talks to the kids in the museum, but lectures them as an adult would; Holden’s fixation on the mummies reflects his desire to freeze time as mummies are preserved and their decay is arrested
MUMMIES