Hey Ladies, its quiz time!

Boggusrl@email.uc.edu

How Rachel is going to do this

• Put up a slide• Write down the answer• Go over it immediately• Repeat many many times

– 113 slides of adventure await!!

Did you remember your party hats????

What type of epithelium is this? (how do you

know?)

Transitional Epithelium• How do you know?

– Scalloped appearance– Bi-nucleated cells

What is the predominant type of tissue? (how do

you know?)

Smooth Muscle• How do you know?

– Nuclei more centrally located– Seen here in both planes of section– In cross section you can tell its smooth

muscle because of the centrally located nuclei but also because some cells do not have the nucleus cut in the plane so look anucleate and also because of the varying thicknesses of the cuts.

What is this?How do you know?

Peripheral Nerve• How do you know?

– Encased by an epineurium– Wavy/bubbly appearance of the

nerve fibers within epineurium

REMEMBER: CIRCLE OF WAVY SHIT

What is the arrow pointing to?

Serous Demilune• How did you know?

– Because most of it looks like a mucous secreting gland (vacuolated cytoplasm with laterally displaced nuclei) But the crescent shaped rim (hence LUNE=Moon!) is more like a serous gland (basophilic) so it’s a serous demilune

What is this? How do you know?

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue

• How do you know?– Few nucleated cells - fibroblasts– Lots of collagen arranged

random-like– Nuclei located outside of the

collagen

What is the predominant tissue?

Brown (multilocular) fat• How do you know?

– Bubbly appearance signifies many fat-filled vesicles

– Nuclei still laterally displaced– Remember that you have

multilocular fat as a stage of differentiation to regular white fat.

What type of tissue?how do you know?

Fibrocartilage • How did you know?

– No perichondrium evident– Cells located in lacunae– Remember that fibrocartilage is

often continuous with surrounding CT.

What process is occurring in this slide?

Intramembranous Bone Formation

• How did you know?– Osteoblasts surrounding osteoid

with osteocytes enclosed in the osteoid…

What type of epithelium?

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with

goblet cells• How did you know?

– Because Dr. Michaels drilled this into your brains?•NO! (well ok, probably) but also

because you can sort of see that all the cells maintain their connection with the basal lamina and you can clearly see goblet cells and cilia

What is the tissue?

Cardiac muscle• How did you know?

– Centrally located nuclei surrounded by large ring of cytoplasm

– For the most part, more uniformly shaped cuts

– Compare to smooth muscle cut in cross section—different sizes of section and nuclei not present as often in the cut.

Which of the following are Transmission Electron

micrographs? And what are the EMs of?

A.

B.

C.

D.

A, C, D• REMEMBER THAT FREEZE

FRACTURE EMS ARE VIEWED WITH TRANSMISSION EM!

• All of them are cillia– Remember the basal bodies (what is

the sydrome when you don’t have dynein arms?•Kartageners syndrome

• What was used to obtain image B?– Scanning EM

What is indicated by the red arrow?

Glycogen

• How did you know– Because that is what

glycogen looks like on the EM

– Compare to collagen cut in cross section

– Remember that glycogen particles aggregate and also that they exist OVER other stuctures, usually SER

What is this?

Golgi Apparatus• Layered like apperance• Which end is trans/cis?

What is this? How do you know?

Smooth Muscle cell• How did you know?

– Presence of dense bodies and dense plaques as well as caveolin (flask shaped invaginations of the membrane)

What is this?

ganglion• How did you know?

– Bullseye like appearance of the cells.

FRIED EGGS

What are indicated by the green arrows?

Osteoclasts • How did you know?

– Multinucleated cells– Found in indented areas of bone

(know its bone because you can see the osteocytes in lacunae (yellow arrows)

Ignore the arrowWhat is predominate on

this slide?

Serous glands• How did you know?

– Because it looks glandular and there is still color in the cytoplasm. Compare to mucous secreting glands, which have vacuolated cytoplasm

What is indicated by the number 1? 2?

1) Bone Marrow 2) spongy/cancellous bone

spicule• How do you know?

– 1) you know it is bone marrow because it is found between trabeculae of bone (bright red) and it is rich in lipid and hematopoetic cells (purple) Ok, so you haven’t had this yet, I’m just preparing you for next block.

– 2) you know its cancellous bone because you can see the osteocytes in lacunae

Label A-D____A__________B___________C____________D______

• A) Zone of resting cartilage• B) Zone of proliferation• C) Zone of hypertrophy• D) Zone of calcification• What process was indicated?

– Endochondrial bone formation

What is along the lumen?

stereocilia• You know because it branches

and it is long• Another clue – stereocilia often

in epididymis. You don’t know what this looks like yet but it is like 35148743 small tubes like this. ALWAYS stereocilia here

What is this?

Loose Irregular Connective Tissue

• You know because there is a general lack of nuclei and very sparse and randomly placed collagen

What is indicated by the arrow?

Mast Cells• You can tell because it is

purple because of metochromasia

• And if you look really closely you can see that it is a granule-filled cell.

What is this?

Dense Regular Connective Tissue

• How did you know?– Wavy appearance of collagen– Few cells (fibroblasts) located

outside of the collagen fibers

What is indicated by the arrow?

Node of Ranvier• You know because it is stained

for myelin and the indentation place without myelin

• What does myelin do?• What forms it?

What is indicated by the red and blue arrows?

Blueepineurium Redperineurium

• You just need to remember that epi is outside, peri is middle and endo is innermost… remember this for both nerves and muscles.

What is the epithelium?

Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

• How did you know?– Because the cells get

flattened as they get close to the lumen (fried egg like appearance)

– Non-keratinized because there is not layers of anucleated cells on the surface (see pictures)

What is indicated at 1,2, 3, what is the whole thing called

in EM, light microscopy?

Did someone say “bar”????

• 1) zonula occludens• 2) zonula adherens• 3) macula adherens or

desmosome• In EM the three together

Junctional complex• In light microscopy terminal bar

What is this?

Mast cell• You know because of the dark

granules in the cytoplasm• What are the contents of the

cell?– Histamine and heparin

What are indicated by the arrow?

CentriolesNear nucleus somewhat

Participate in cell division

What stage of cell division is indicated by

the arrow?

Metaphase • You know because the

chromosomes are lined up at the center of the cell and you can see the spindle fibers extending from them.

What is indicated by #5

Goblet cell• What would it look like under

the light microscope?– Vacoulated space, maybe

erupting• How would you make it stand

out more?– Stain with PAS

What is indicated by the arrows

Basement membrane• REMEMBER it is called a

basement membrane under light microscopy but under EM you can distinguish the different parts!

• What is the epithelium?– Ciliated pseudostratified columnar

epithelium with goblet cells =)

What is the epithelium?

Simple cuboidal

• How do you know?– Because the nuclei

are centrally located within the cytoplasm

– Compare with simple columnar in which the nuclei are located more to one end of the cell

What is this arrow pointing to?

Well it’s a mitochondria

whats in the mito?

Mg and Ca granules!

Whats all this business?

SER• Bubbly looking• Spread randomly throughout

cell• Not flat pancakes like RER

• What do we often see with SER?– Round mito and glycogen

This is?

karyotypeIf you forget this….

Well, just don’t be that guy

•What’s this?

Your mom!• No, really it’s a secondary

lysosome• Has a bunch of random stuff in

it, heterogeneous, if you will– You must say secondary or else

no points for you

Whats the arrow pointing to?

Melanocytes with melanin

• Why? Under the epidermis• Brown stuff in it

Green arrow?

heterochromatin• 1. In nucleus• 2. dark

What cytoskeletal element is the red arrow pointing to?

microtubule• 3 kinds involved in mitotic

apparatus– 1. Ones that go across– 2. Astral ones that radiate out– 3. Ones attached to

chromosomes, can’t see these

Whats this? How do you know??

dendrite• Why not axon?• 1. Because I said so• 2. Has nissl substance – this is

KEY difference

Whats on the left?

polysomes• Luscious swirls of ribosomes

• Do not mistake for grainy glycogen or collagen fibers – neither make swirlies

Whats this tissue?

Mesenchyme!• Cells all look the exact same• Absolutely no pattern• Ground substance looks same

in the background throughout whole thing

Black fibers are….?

Reticular fibers• Usually have to use the black

stain• Tree branches as opposed to

collagen and elastin that go in straight lines across the slide

Name it

Elastic cartilage• Can see nice little fibers• perichondrium

And the survey says….• Green = haversian CANAL (h.

system is the osteon. Do not mix up)

• Yellow = interstitial lamellae– Anything that isn’t part of an

osteon

Red and yellow?

Red = perichondrium:know its hyaline, looks

acellular

Yellow = isogenous groups.

Groups of friends, just chillin. Adorable.

Predominant tissue?

Skeletal muscle• Biggest cells when cut in cross

section• Little baby nuclei all off one

one side• BRIGHT RED – juicy looking

And this is?

Smooth muscle. X section.

• Only a little space between cells

• Nuclei not in every one

?????

Neuromusular jxn• See skeletal muscle• See nerve on skeletal muscle

And this?

Myelinated nerve• Remember, if you don’t write

myelin you will die• Black stuff wrapped around

nerve axon

And the green arrow is pointing to?

collagenVery regular looking when cut in

X section. Perfect circles vs swirls for polysomes and rough looking stuff for glycogen

mitochondria• Lots of it with muscle because

they need lots of E• Glycogen too

What dye is being picked up by the thing

that the yellow arrow is pointing to?

eosin• As opposed to……

– Hematoxylin which is purple– PAS which is MAGENTA and stains the

Gs• Glycogen• glycoprotein• glycocalyx• Golgi• Warren G

– (obviously kidding)

Whats 1? Whats 2?

2 = granular portion of nucleolus – looks more

grainy 1 = fibrillar portion

of nucleolus

It’s so beautiful…….