Hg3m Book Ocr

8/17/2019 Hg3m Book Ocr

1/274


2/274

•

DI KID K


3/274

L Y UC LBU L

This edt on f st pb i shed n eat B ita i nn 003 by ing indesey Lmted

0 tand London C LPeng n op (U )

F i st pub shed n eat B ta n bygo's Langage Books Limted 0

0 3 00 033 ept/

Copyight© 0 003 ing ndesey Lmited ights eseved o pat of ths pb cation may be

e podced stoed n a etieva system o tan sm ttedn any fom o by any means e ectonic mechanica

photocopyn g ecod ng o othewse wthot the p io

wtten pemission of the copyight owne

C P cataog e ecod fo th s book s avai ab e fomthe B t sh L ibay.

B - -03- 03

go eman n Thee onths is a so avai ab e na pack with thee Cs B 03 -

00 0 ept/

tten by

Lecte n emanchoo of opean Cte and Langages

U n vesty of ent at Canteb y

Pinted and bond by ta ght eveopment ntenatona Ltd

iscove moe atwwwd


4/274

H Gmn n Th Mnh ha been written for u bSigri artin whoe experience in teaching her native

tongue range from beginner to potgrauate levelShe ha rawn on thi expertie to prouce a imple etcompete coure for tuent aiming to acquire a goo

working knowlege of the anguage in a hort time

an who will probabl be tuing alone at home

The book begin with an explanation of Germanpronunciation a far a thi i poible without going too

eepl into all the nuance an varing ound involve

f ou are working without a teacher ou houl fin

that our tem of imitate pronunciation' implifiematter conierabl Uing the book together with our

CD (allowing ou to hear the German text at the ame

time that ou rea it) i an ideal combination givinganother imenion to the coure

The ret of the coure i ivie into 3 part each ofwhich houl take roughl a week to complete t haalwa been a principle of the ugo metho to teach

onl what i real eential for a firm grap of practicaluptoate German the ection contain thoe rule

of grammar tht will be of mot ue in thi repectContruction are clearl explaine an the order in

whih everthing i preente take into conierationthe nee for rapi progre Week concentrate onpronunciation Week 3 inclue exercie an

converation later in the coure ou will move onto he ue of iiom an colloquiaim necear f or a

thorough grap of converational German The reaing

paage following Week 3 provie an introuction to

written German to prepare ou for reaing Germanbook an magazine Anwer to the exercie an a

ful vocabular lit appear at the back of the book

eall ou houl pen about an hour a a on our

work ( lightl le mabe if ou o not have the CD )although there i no haranfat rule on thi Do a

much a ou feel capable of oing if ou have no pecial

aptitue for languageearning there i no point in

REAE


5/274

forcing ourelf beon our ail capacit to aimilate

new material. t i muc better to learn a little at a time

an to learn that toroughl.

When tuing eac week' leon firt rea eac

numbere ection carefull an rerea it to enure

tat ou have full unertoo te grammar ten

work trough an following exercie() a te occur

b writing own te anwer. Ceck tee b referring

to te ke at the back of te book if ou ave mae

too man mitake go back over te intruction beforeattempting te ame quetion again. Te converational

exercie an converation oul be rea alou an

teir contruction carefull note. f ou ave te CDou oul liten to thee at the ame time a ou rea.Liten alo to te poken German of eac exercie bot

before ou complete te written work an again a

ou check te anwer. After ou ave litene to te

converation an rea tem alou ee ow cloel ou

can imitate te voice on te recoring t i bet to keepour own rnning lit of new wor ti wa ou will

remember them better.

Wen ou tink ou ave complete a ection

atifactoril ( alternativel jut before our ai l tu

perio i over) go back over wat ou ave recentlone to enure tat it i firml committe to memor.

When te coure i complete ou houl ave a ver

goo unertaning of te language more tan

ufficient for general olia or buine purpoe an

enoug to lea quickl into an examination llabu if

ti i our eventual aim.

f time allow ou can experiment wit what ou haveleare an conoliate our learning b tackling te

paage in te Reaing Practice ection mot of wich

are tpical example of popular journalim. ac paagefocue on te n ew material covere b two chapter

an houl onl be attempte after tee have been

complete. Do not make a written nglih tranlationbut at mot take a few note an from tee attempt

4 G E R M AN I N H R E E M O N H S


6/274

to retell the content (to ourelf to a teacher or toomeone l earning with ou ) to check that ou have

grape an can conve the ene of the paage Anvocabular not f oun in the Germannglih Mini

ictionar which cover onl the leon themelve

i given below the paage concerne

We hope ou will enjo Hg Gmn n Th Mnhan we wih ou ucce with our tuie f ouwoul like to continue tuing German our Avance

German Coure will evelop an exten our fluenc

in both poken an written German an contain reaing

paage from authentic ource livel exercie vocabularlit an eential grammar note

WThe author woul like to thank epeciall her huban

John Martin for man ear Director of the ntiuteof Language an Linguitic in the Univerit of


7/274

\ee

1

9

Speakig GermanThe alphabet and speling

Spelling and prounciation

Vowels

Consoants

The hiatus or stop

Stressed sylables

Punctuation

\k

2

2

Word endings and word order

Greetings, everyday phrases

'the' and gender

Plural of 'the'

Plural of nous

Exercises and vocabulary

\

3

32

'the' ad case

Pronouns ' me, we, us', etcUseful verbs: 'to be',

'to have' and 'to make'

Exercises, vocabulary &conversation

\k

4

'a/an' and gender

Numbers

Prices

The indirect object case

Verbs usin the indirect object

case


9


\ee

5

Asking questios

Negative sentenceslnstructions and requests

Adjectives and adverbs

Exercises, vocabulary &coversatio

\k 6

Prepositos; in, by, of, etcThe expression 'es gibt'

('there is/there are')

Exercises, vocabuary &conversation

\k

7

67

76

Words foowng the same patternas 'der', 'die', 'das'

My, your, his, her, etc

Adjectives before ouns

Ordinal numbers, fractions

Conversatio between f riends

Word order


k

8

More on word order

Auxiliary verbs: will, can, must,

may, etc

Using auxiliary verbs

Conversation

Measuremets and quantities

The expressions 'es ist' and

'es sind' ('there is/are')

Verbs expressing location

How to say 'put'

More about prepositios

Exercises and vocabulary

9


8/274

_V . e �

_ 7

Ve

e 1

2

79

More about der die dasVerbs the present tense

rregular verbs

The pre-present

The ge_(e)t form

Time expressions seasons

months dates time of day etc

The expression nicht wahr?

Exercises vocabuary &

conversaton

More on the past tenseVerbs that change stem in the

past tense

The pre-past ' had been)The oblique past tense

The conditional if sentences

More about the obverse process

Affective words

Exercises vocabulary &

conversation

_V

e

l

e

�-=133

Ve

e

13

199

The possessor case

Prepostons taking the

possessor case

lrregular mascuine nouns

Using Type verbsZu plus the infntive

Expressing purpose

More useful expressons

he obverse process (passve)

More on the pre-present

lntroducng the past tense

Exercises vocabulary &

conversaton

Vee 1

uantifiers and identifers

Makng adjectives into

nouns

Aached sentences

Joiners affecting word orderReflexive pronouns

Reflexive verbs

Exercses vocabuary &conversaton

5 5

Translating the Engish -ing form

(by dong in spite of doing)

Line-of-thought pointers

Conversation between intmates

Atached sentences with two

-en forms

mpersonal expressions

he oblque present tense

Reported speech

Word order in reported speech

Enclosed atached sentences

Exercses vocabulay &

conversation

O N N S 7


9/274

R e a di

ng pr

actie

223e y

to

e x

e rc

i

s e s

246

Hier geht es um die Wurst

London auf die SchneleWein ist im Kommen

Versteigerung bei der ufthansa

Leistungstest für deutsche

Schulen

Jede vierte Deutsche ist

Allergiker

Die Sucht nach dem Handy

Edbeeren: hoher

GesundheitswertGrößeres Drogen-Risiko

Reizende Leute

Was Männer abtönt

Autoklau nahm deutich ab

Unruhestand: jeder elfte

Rentner geht zur Arbeit

Tükei diskriminiert Deutsche


Mi d cti onary

25GermanEnglish

Index

2 7 1


10/274

the German alphabet and spellingpronunciation and its relation to the written language

the hiatus or stopwhere the stress falls in German wordsGerman use of punctuation

SPAKI G G RMA

thogh thee ae a few sonds in eman which wi be

nfam i a to yo as a nat ve speake of n g is h on thewhoe ng is h speakes f nd e man easie to pono ncethan Fench. nce the ma in th i ng is to be nd estooddon't woy if yo ponncation s ess than pefect tocoect t keep stenng and pacts ng pat ica y withthe Cs whch ae an optiona exta to this cose.me concepts ntodced hee w seem stange atf i st bt as yo wok tho gh the co se they w become fam ia. Yo w f nd it wothwhie to efe backto ee k at feq en t nteva s fo pactice a nd evis on .

TH APHABT A D S P I G

The eman aphabet contains a the ettes of the

n g sh a pha bet. n add it ion th ee of the vowe ettesappea i n the fom ä/Ä ö/Ö /Ü which epesentent ey diffeent so nds fom the sa me ettes withotthe ' m at ' symbo { above.

2 ote that dob e ss mst be wien ß {which nevesta ts a wd and occs ony as a sma ete) when thepeceding sond s ethe a ng vowe (see secton )

o a vowe combinaton (see secton )

Kuss bfss bbass b

ad

GrußFßfraßFeißStraußäußern

W K 9


11/274

nons not jst names begin with capita ettesTh e ponon Sie the foma wd fo yo (see section

) a nd e ated wods (e .g . hr yo ) a ways begin withcapita s . n the othe hand the f i st peson s ingaponon ( I ) stats with a sma ette ich

4 ee ae the ettes of the a phabet with thei namesgiven in o imitated ponnciat ion which is expa ined inthe fo owing sect ions These ae the na mes sed whenspe i ng ot wods.

A ah J ot eB beh I kah T teh teh L e 00D eh M em V fowE eh N en vehF ef oh X ikG geh peh illon

H hah Q koo z tet ee R e

SP I G A D PRO U CIATIO

Thee is a geate consistency between spe ing andponnciat ion in eman than in ng ish . owevesome ettes ae pono n ced diffeenty fom th e sam eettes in ng ish and some ettes appea in nfami iacombi nations so we need to mention th ese befoe ookin gat th e so nd s of e ma n i n deta i . Ty to say each of theexam p es in th i s sect ion an d i n sect ions an d a od pefeaby with t he a i d of the Cs .

ote that no ng ish meanings ae given fo theexa mes i n thi s fi st wee k of the co se. e wa nt yoto concentate on the sonds of the wods so esist thetemptation to woy abot mea ni ng fo the mom ent.

The fo owing ettes ae pononced diffeenty fomthei ng i sh co ntepats o ae sbject to diffeent es of pon nciat ion depe nd ing on th ei posit ion

G R M A N I N H R M O N H S


12/274

mitatedpon nciat ion

b [b] [p]d [] [t]g [g] [k]

[] []

c

[]

q

s [] [z]

t the stat of wods and syabespononced as in ng ish . t the endof wods and sy abes (standing eithea on e o in a c ste of consona nts ofwh ich they may not be the ast) theseees UT be pononced as p tand k (o h espectivey this meansthat habt hymes with klappt that

wrd sonds exacty the same as Wrt,Rad ike Rat that Erdöl is spokenErt-öl and that folg cod sond ikeVolk Kreg ike krech ( thesewods acta y exist and some aetheefoe homophones wods spetdiffeent y bt sonding a ike . )

s sed constant y in the combinat ionsh and ck bt is aey fond on its ownexcept in foeign wods

s a m ost a ways spoken as ng is h atthe stat of a wd (yet yonde) thsJunge Jammer

s a ways as in ng ish in combinat ionwith u bt the combinat ion is spokend iffeenty ike ng ish + v i n ap idsccess ion ths

quer Quatsch Qualtät

Like the ng ish i t is pononced in

two diffeent ways ike the i n s i ts and its and ike the z sond in bsy andis. oweve distibtion of the twotypes of s in eman is exacty oppositeto that in ng ish . heeas in ng i shthe s-sonding occs at the stat ofwods (an d sy ab es) an d the zson di ng is sa y fond at the end eman s

W E E K 1 1


13/274

is aways pononced ike z at the statof wods (except in the combinations sp

and st see beow) and ike at the e ndof wods and sy ab es

i ke z:sein Symbo Absicht (Absicht)Fürsorge (Fürlsorge) Rose (Rose)Riese (Rielse)

ike Gast ängst Wespe (eslpe) Muster(Muster) meins meines (meilnes)

ods containing both sondssüß seins seines (seilnes) dieses(dielses)

[h] s i n the combinations sp and st at thestat of wods and sy abes ispononced ike ng ish h Speck spät spüen gespannt(gespannt) Stamm sterbenStrecke steigen erstaunt(erstaunt) verstimmt (verstimmt)

Anstand (Anlstand)th [t] s neve ike th in ' th is ' o ' th ing' bt

pononced s impy as t/ Fond on y inwods of foeig n oi g i n fo exampeApotheke Hypothek ThymianThese

tion [tiohn] Fond ony in the many ' impoted'wods ending in -tion ths Station Aktion Funktion adition

v [f] s a most a ways i ke ng i sh f i n ' f om' Vater von Verag bevor

12 G E R M A N I N H R E E M O N H S


14/274

w [v]

y [ue]

z [t]

s ike ng ish v i n vey' fo exampe:was Wein Weg Wirt

s not ike the ng ish in e ithe yet 'o vey' bt is pononced ike theeman (shot) vowe ü (see section ),t h s : System sympatisch

s N V ike the ng ish z as i nhazad' bt ike t + s spoken in apid

sccession a most s i m taneosyofen with no moe than a tace of the tometh i ng s im i a is fond i n the sa ng ish ponnciat ion of the nameozat' thogh z can aso stat a wdwhee the sond seems vey odd tospeakes of ng ish :Zeit zu Zinsen Zange Zornzusammen beizeiten inzwischen(inlzwischen) Weizen (weilzen)Schnauze (Schnaulze) KonzertWinzer Geiz Sitz Franz HozHarz Lenz

The appea ance of consonants in nfam i ia gops

o in nfami ia p aces in wods can make a wienfoeig n a ng age d iff ic t fo the eye to g asp Thefo owing comb in ations conta in on y sonds that then g ish speake ca n eas i y pono nce so it is we wothwhi e get ing sed to seei ng the combi nat ionsas bocks' fo which the ight ponnciat ion is eadyto hand

dsch [j]

gd [kt]

Li ke the j i n jmp' ite ae and onysed fo some foeign wods

Dschunge Dschihad Dschunke

Pononced kt i ke the e nd of f i cked ' ae bt the f ist exampe given ismch sedJagd Magd

W E E K 1


15/274

hd h(t)hm(t) hn(t)

hr(t) ht

ng

g noe the h which meey shows thatthe peceding vowe s pononced ng(see secton ) im a y gnoe

hbetween vowe s, except n compo ndsFehde Meh wäht ahm rahmtkühn wohnt wahr ehrt weht;sehen ruhen BUT Seehafen(Seelhafen) beihatig (beilhatig)

Thee s no g sond in th s combnat on

wh en it occs betwee n vowe s, so caeis needed wth wods ikeAnger Finger Hunger

pf Ths can come at the beg nn n g o end ofwods and sy a b es; + f ae spoken napd sccesson, a most s m taneos y,ofen wth no moe than a tace of the

Pfei Pferd Pfund Dampferimpfen Kupfer Sumpf Krampfgimpfich

sch sch sch is ke sh n 'sh t ', 'wsh h e schschm shn can stat o en d wods and sy a bes,shr schw combnat ons with the fthe consonant

ette can ony stat them

tsch [h]

tz ts

Schande Rausch Schampeschmezen Schnauze Schraubeschwitzen

Ths s i ke (t)ch n 'chap , 'mch' ,'match' t is fond ess at the stat than n the m dd e o at the en d of wodstschüs Tscheche Matsch futsch

Deutschand Rutsch

Ths on y occs in th e m dde o at theend of wods t s ke the ts n 'gets, o ke eman zpötzich patzen sitzen Fritz Gesetz

14 G R M A N I N H R E E M O N H S


16/274

zw tsv Th s s ike t + s + v spoken n ap idsccesson and occs ony at the stat

of wods and sy ab es Zwang, bezwingen (belzwingen),Zwerg, zwei, inzwischen(inzwischen), Zweck .

VOW S A D VOW C OM B I ATI O S

Thogh thee ae ony eight vowe ettes in eman (thefve of the ng sh ap habet p s ä ö, ü thee aepotentia y in pactce vowe sonds becase eachvowe ete has two pon nciations a ng an d a shot on et s vta to note and podce this d ist inct on a s theongshot contast s accompaned by a dfeence in thenate of the son d The spe n g s sometimes a n a d to

knowin g whethe a vowe s ng o sho t

vowe s ng if the vowe ette is dobed Beet, Saat, Bootthe vowe ette s fo owed by h:Bahn, Huhn, Lohnthe vowe i s foowed by e:fies, mies, Grießthe vowe ette is fo owed by ß:Maß, boß, Muße, Füße, Böße, Maße

vowe is shot ifthe vowe ette is fo owed by a dobed consonantette o by ck:Hütte, Affe, Zweck

the vowe ete s fo owed by ss:bass, Ross, mussthe vowe ette is foowed by ng:Rang, jung, ging

the fo ow ng vowe de sc ipt ons i n tems of ng shson ds ae of co se on y app oxmat ons a nd nos bstitte fo gen in e mode s of ponnc iation negenea thogh impessonst c g de ine to hep yo to

W K 1 5


17/274

knw what t a at n the vwes s a geate tensenessand ene gy than wth thse f n g sh

vd at a csts substttng n g s h vwe g des wheethe nate f the vwe sund changes pgessvey (as nstanda d suthen ng sh ane' a nd he') f any fthe ean sngesund vwes t s f ths easn thatwe se nthen ng sh vwes as benchaks especa yf the ean ng vwe s the n ng sh vwe s ten dt have e f a snge-snd quaty than d thse f

standad sthen ng sh

Vwes

long a [ah] Lng a as the vwe n nthen ng shfathe ' ba n'

short a [ah] ht a as n nthen ng sh fat' tack'

Bahn/Bann Kahn/kannWahn/wann kam/Kammmahn/Mann Saat/satt

long e [eh] Lng e as the vwe n nthen ng sh ane' dape'

short e [e] ht e as n standad suthen ng shget cept' Beet/Bett wen/wenn den/dennheh/he feh/Fe geh/ge

long ie) [ee] Lng ie) as the vwe n nthenng sh keen' ean'

short i i] ht i as n standad suthen ng shft' c p '

long o

ihm/im schief /Schiff Sti/stirief /Riff siech/sich mies/miss

[oh] L ng o as the vwel n nthen ng s hhe' bne'

16 G R M A N I N H R M O N H S


18/274

shart o [] ht o as n standad suthen ng sh'shat', 'c rap '.

Hof/hoff, Ofen/offen, wohne/Wonne,Wohe/Woe

ng u [] Lng u as the vwe i n nthen ng ish' mn' 'd m '

shrt u [] ht u as the vwe in standadsuthen ng sh 'put' 'ft'

Pute/Putte, Ruhm/Rum,Kruke/Krucke, Mus/muss

lng ä [] Lng ä s i m i a t nthen ng sh vwen ' an e' bt me pen in the di ect inf the vwe n standad sthenng sh ' eg '

shrt ä e ht ä exacty ike sht eman ekäme/Kämme, stähe/Stäe,Pfähe/Fäe, wähe/Wäe

lng ö e F ng ö say ema n ng whi eundng and ptudng the ips

shrt ö e F sht ö say e ma n sh t e whi e undng and potdng the ps Bth aes m i a t the t ig ht p sed vwe fFench 'euf'Höhe/Höe, Föße/fösse

lng ü [ue F ng ü say eman ng i(e) wh eund ng a nd ptd i ng the ips

shrt ü [ue] F sht ü say eman sht i whi eu nd ng an d ptdng the ips Bth aesm a t the t ight pused vwe nFench 't' 'ne' Wüste/wüsste, Hüte/Hütte,fühen/füen, führst/Fürst

W K 1 7


19/274

2 Vowe combinations o g des

Vowe combnations ae aways pononced ng thee g ides esembe sonds fom standad sothenng sh bt they w sond mch moe eman if yomove yo tonge (and jaw) moe damatca y than fothe matchng ng sh sonds.

ai/ei [ m a to the standad sothen ng shg de n b be g ide

Hain Mai Kai weiß Keid weich.

au [ow im i a to the standad sothen ng sh

äu/eu

(c )

[

g de n cow moth Raum Zaun Mau Haus HautRaub.

[o m a to the standad sothen ng sh

g ide in vo d ann oy häuft äuft Säume deutet freutneun.

U nstessed sy ab es conta n in g e o er

U nstessed sy abes contain ing thevowe ete e eqe a sond sim a to

that n ng sh popy etve anemne atday bt with a tacemoe of the shot e descbed aboveBfund Gricht waagrechtHiferuf.

The same sond is eqed if the e endsa wd; the f ina sond of ng sh neve

weate s not qte ght becase thejaw dops fthe est ing n a sondcose to nstessed e Hif wech Meng ihr.

18 G R M AN I N R M O N H S


20/274

[]

ch the sam e sond i s eqi ed if the eis fo owed by a consonant (othe than r

Ha�nbad Spieg�ei Dank�sbriefdeutet.

Unstessed sy ab es conta in ing theettes er eq i e a so nd si mi a tothat in standad sothen ng ish ht ' ,c tch the r is T pononced in th is

pa t i c a contextWiederkehr KinderwagenMesserkante besser heer ihrer

The same sond ony engthened iseq ied if the er is foowed by n gainthe r is not pononcedgestern Brüdern andernfas

kentern

Th e dist inction between e and er between en and erni s essentia , s ince ndestanding coecty and beingcoecty nde stood depe nd on it . The fo owi ng pai sshow the contastEhe/eher Feste/fester Sibe/Siber Güte/Güter

Lehren/Lehrern wischen/WischernWäschen/Wäschern

COSOATS

Yo saw in section 3 that most of the consonants aestaightfowad fo the ng ishspeaking eane. The ony

thee consonants that pesent any diff icty ae h and r

h thogh a ways sin g the sa me etes,this has two adica y diffeent vesionsne ithe fond in ng i sh

( i ) [h fte e ei eu i ie ä äu ü and afecons ona nts The best way to achieve the

W E E K 1 9


21/274

sond eqied s to whspe veyfocef y wods ike 'go' 'hman' and

then to se th e n ta son d of the h foeman hBech, Reich, Seuche, mich, riechen,Bäche, Bäuche, Küche, Storch,Doch, durch.

The same sond s sed in theecommon wods of foegn o gn

Chemie, China, Chirurg, and at thestat of the dmntve endng -en( ' tt e ' ) no matte what pecedesMädchen, Riemchen, Häuschen,Küsschen, Gäschen, Frauchen.

t s a so a comm on p on nciat on of the

consonant ee g ethe a one o wthothe consonants when at the e nd ofa wd o sy abe fo owng any of thevowe an d voweg de so nds stedabove t s th s an a tenat ve to theponncat ion of sch 's as 's (seesection 3)wichtig, grantig, Predigt, iegst,

Zweig, gütig

ii [] fte a, au, o, uTh s s s m a to the cott ishpon nci aton of h n ' och' ' Pt och y'and s made by tensng the back of theth oat whi e foci ng pe nty of beaththogh t

auch, Bach, Suche, Loch, brauchen,Sucht, machen

The same sond s aso a vey commonponncaton of the consonant ette e ithe a on e o with othe consonantswhen at the en d of a wd o sy ab efo owng any of the vowe and

2 G R M AN I N H R M O N S


22/274

r

vowe-g de sonds sted above lt isths anothe a tenat ive to pon ncat on

of sch s as s (see secton 3)Zug wagt mag saugt kug fogSog fragt

ach ng sh speake has a ange ofponncat ons of accodng to itspost on n a wd and the so nds thatsond t eman howeve

whateve ts envonment s estcted toone type ony The cosest paa e s instandad sothen ng sh ae the sonds n c ean' eek' angage'(thogh even these ae not tota y ight)wheeas those n vat' fee ' ive' cvet' appe' ae vey dffeent fomthe eman sond Conseqent y t sthe eman in sch posit ions as thesethat needs the most cae and pactice:ieb eben ang aut eute; KippeKang Famme kug Fuct; godigazer äter abern ukg; beebtBrie Roe vög; fäig; Ese füvo wo Stah; wedet wät

Siber Feder Hem.

The r sond f pononced at a sbest made at the back of the thoat inthe same pace as h ii bt wth m chess beath foce. o r sond fond i nstandad sothen ng ish s ea ysatsfactoy

r m st be p onon ced as a con sona nt

a on e at the stat of a wd

Rand rund Rasen Rieseafe anothe consonant at the stat ofa wd

Frau grün Gras Gruß

W E E K 2 1


23/274

between vowe s o vowe g des i n them dd e of wods

Beere, Fähre, Karre, mürrisch,waren

r is not pononced as a consonant btmeey affects the pecedng vowesond often engthening t o tnng tnto a sot of vowe gde

a one at the e nd of a wd o sy a b e besser, woher, war, kar, Herr,Meer, mehr, fror, gar, wurde,warte, würdig Narr s a n exceptonneedn g the consonant sond) ;befoe anothe consonant at the endof a wd o sy ab e Schwert, Wurst, Herz, warnte,

horchte

HIAUS O TO

heeas n standa d sothen ng sh the wods n aphase o sentence n nto one anothe so that a wdbeginning wth a vowe appeas to boow the fna

consona nt of the pecedng wd as a b dge e mandoes not a ow ths ods begnnng wth a vowe haveto stat with the hats o stop . Ths s not diffct to do s mp y c ea yo thoat gent y n a whspe btt s dffct to se. t s eqed even wthin a wdwhe n the wd s a com pon d of two o moe wodso contains a pefx befoe a vowe . The stop s a soeqed to sepaate a vowe endng fom a vowe

beg nn ng Fo exampe mach * aus, im * Auge, hau * ab, Vor*arbeiter, miss*achten, ge*einigt, im * Ofen, würde * ich * auch

Compae the ponncat on of hau * ab with the ng show ae yo? and Vor*arbeiter with fo ages

22 G R M AN I N R M O N S


24/274

STRSSD SYABS

ffectve speech depends on copyng the speechhythms and tnes of the phases and sentences of aangage oweve as fa as ndivda wods aeconcened in eman the stess sa y fa s on the fstsy ab e thogh thee ae many exceptons ne e iab ee is that wheeas a n g s h wods sta t ng with n 'a e nstessed on that f st sy abe sch wods in

eman have stess on the un-:ngückich nerfahren nfreundich ngedudig

eman ceates many compond wods ot of sma ewod n ts n these cases the stess s on the stessedsy abe of the f st wodnt :krideweiß Pttenspieer BrenetuiStudntenwohneim kreidelweiß Pattenspieer

Brien fetui Studentenwon fheim

ost of the exceptons to f istsy ab e stess ae e the wods of foegn ogn o wods containng specf ca ynstessed fst sy ab es o pefxes (see section )

foeign wods

kontroeren teefoneren Maschne Paktoffizi

nstessed pefxesbelsprchen misslbruchen verrten gelngen

„erröten

oweve some shot wods in feqent se ae aso

exceptons wh e comb nat ons wth da- and wo- (seeweek sect on 0 and week , section 3) ae sa ynot stessed on the da- o wojedch sogr damt daz danben worufinzwschen


25/274

n o mtated ponnciat o n t he stessed sy ab e saways pnted in bod type. ood dctonaes gve

e ab e nfomation abot stess and a so abot theength of vowes

PUCTUATIO

n some espects eman ses pnctaton n a moefo ma way than ng ish so t s not possbe to eate

commas to speech pases and mean ng as n thefo owng two exampes

My sister, who hates noise was sent to a hotel nextto a disco.The girl who rang yesterday was a friend of my sisters

n eman thee wo d have to be commas fo owngg ' and yesteday .

The pnctaton sed fo qoted speech s dffeent fomng ish sage (see week 3 sect on 0) a nd coon s aesed moe often to intodce shot nsets nto themdde of sentences fo exampe xcamaton maks aeaso sed moe feqent y than n ng sh

24 G E R M A N I N H R E E M O N S


26/274

greetings and useful everyday phraseswrd order in a German sentence

how the wrd for the (der die das ) varies accordingto the gender of the noun it refers to and whether it issingular or pluralhow to form the plurals of nouns

WOR D D I GS A D WORD O RD R

ods that n ng sh neve vay ke the' ad 'a/an'and smpe nva abe suff xes ike adding s' o es' fothe pua ( dog/dogs' c ass/casses') have no sngeeqvaents n eman bt sets of eqvaents

2 The wd ode n a eman sentence s often dffeentfom the wd ode n ng is h can't f n d the key

because t's too dak' woud be can the key not fndbecause t too dak s' o The key can not f nd becauset too dak s ' n eman

These two feates mea n that yo have to th i n k dieentyto speak wte and nde stand ema n To he p youwe sepaate and 2 f i my estab sh ng the p ncip esbeh nd and then ntodcing 2 gadua y fom eek

G R TI G S A D VRYDAY PHRASS

l ove emany the most common geetng du ng thedayt me s Guten Tag! (o n the monng GutenMorgen! n the even ing peope say Guten Abend! nsouthen emany and st a Grüß Gott! s usua atany tme of day l these ae often accompanied by ahan dsh ake even wth i n the fam y

fte the geetn g on e peson wi often add Wie get's?o Wie get's Inen? ( ow ae you ?' ) to whch theesponse s usua y Danke gut o Gt danke osmpy Danke

W K 2 5


27/274

I M ITATD RO C IATO

-tn tahk; -tn mrgen; -t -bt; grues

got; vee gehts -nn; -k goot

Exercise 1

Practse saying the sentences in this diaogue unt i you

know them by heart

Two hardup customers at a refreshment kosk

KUNDE

Guten Tag!G ' B' h.. ?BESITZERIN uten iag. Ite C O KUND Zwei Coca-Cola nd ene Wrst mit

Brot, biteBESITZERIN Was? Sie wollen zwei Cola aber nur

eine Wurst?

KUNDE Ja das heißt, ja und nein Wie teuer

ist eine Wrst?

BESITZERIN Nur drei EuroKUNDE Na gut dann zwei Cola und zwemal

urst mt Brot

BESITZRIN Bitte schön Zehn Euro zusammen

KUNDE Danke schön Auf Wedersehe!

BSTZERIN Auf Wiedersehen!

t

CUSOMER Hello!

PROPRIETRESS Helo! Yes please ?

cusTOMER o Coca-Colas and one sausage wt

bread lease

PROPRITRESS Wat? You want two Coas bt only one

sausage?

cusTOMER Yes , mean yes an no How much is

a sausage?

PROPRIETRSS Only three euros

cusTOMER All righ, ten two Coas and two

sausages with bread

PROPRIETRSS Here you are Ten e uros al toge therCUSTOMER Thank you Goodbye!

PROPRIRSS Goodbye!

26 G R M AN I N H R M O N HS


28/274

-


29/274

Exercise

Learn the ists of words in about ho use an d fa mi ysaying each word with 'de, 'die, or 'das in front of it

Then cover u p the ists an d say the ju m bed sequencei n giving each word the correct 'der, 'die, 'das, a n dcheck in g that you a so know the mea ni ng .

F i nay cover up as we and say the German words(preceded by 'der, 'die, or 'das) for the jumbed

Eng ish ist in (NOTE: We sha not use this type of exercise again, but

it i s o ne that you wi need to devise for yo rsef wit heach new set of words, week by week)

A

der)

Mann an/

husan

Vatr fatr

n sn

rur rthr

irt landlrd

Tisch tal

tul chair

chrank cuar

Flur hall

Hun d

B

f)

Frau

n as)

an/


30/274

I M ITAT D PRO U CATIO

mah; tr; zoh; br dr; vit; tish; shtool;

shrahk; foo; hoot; frow; -t; t; shes-t;-tin; -; tue; -toog; oo; -s; kit;

�-; hows; -mr; -t; bet; s; -toh;

boo; -s

PURA OF 'TH

hen the noun s n the p a ( i e . efes to moe thanone) die s a ways used fo the ' egad ess of gen de :

Preise sind hochdie Farben sind dunke

Häuser sind at

rices are high

the colours are dark

houses are old

mmays n g a m. f .der die

n .das

p a m . f. n .die

I M ITATD PRO U CATIO

de; dee; dahs; dee

P U RA O F O U S

You have seen n sect on that thoug h the p a die ss mpe the no n tsef has no s ng e way of showng thepua . Yo mst theefoe ean each noun not ony wth

der die das but a so wth ts p a . Thee ae a fewoug h g de n es fo emegency use

Fe mn ne nouns usa y add -n o en to the s ngu a

Küche KüchenZeitung ZeitungenFrau Frauen

b Mutter MütterTochter TöchterWirtin Wirtinnen

W K 2 9


31/274

2 asc ne a nd n ete n ns ften add

-e Hund Hunde-en Bett Betten-er Kind Kinder

and any f these endings may be accmpanied by achange n the snd f the f wing vwes

-a- Mann Männer

-o- Sohn Söhne-u- Stuh Stühe-au- Haus Häuser

me masc n e and nete nns dn't change at a

Zimmer Zimmer

Messer Messer4 ith sme masc ne and nete nns the nychang e is n the vwe s nd wh ch i s cha nged byaddng an mat

Vater VäterBruder Brüder

5 me wds taken fm the a ng ages add -s

Auto Autos

G R M AN I N H R M O N H S


32/274

Exercise 3

A i sts the words you ea rned n Exe rcse but theyare now shown first with the pura abbreviaton used

in d ct ionar es* and then in the fu p ura form Learn

these, then cover up A and try to say the puras of a

the ju mb ed s ngu a r words in B

A ann (·er) änner ra (-en) raen

Vater ( ·) Väter tter ( ·) ütter

Sohn (·e) Söhne Tochter (·) Töchter

Brder (·) Brüder Schwester (n) Schwestern

Wirt (-e) Wirte Wirtin (nen) Wirtinnen

Tisch (-e) Tische


33/274

the important principle of case in the German languagemore about the German word for the

the pronouns and me we and us etcthe present tense of to be (sein) and to have(haben)the present tense of verbs which follow a regular pattern

'TH A D CAS

Yo have seen that the choice of der die o das saffected by gen de (m /f/n )2 n mbe (s ng a/p a )

The thd facto detemning the choice s case whchmeans th e f nct on of a non n the sentence Compae

Der und ist armos The dog is harmless.B Der Junge iebt den und The boy loves the dog.

n t s the dog that o do ometh ing wh e n Bit s the boy that o d o someth ng and the dog hasbecome the th ng ad by ths

The 'be-e ' o 'doe' is ca ed the 'sbject' of a sentenceand the thng diecty affected s the 'd i ect object' esha need to se these tems often so w se theabbevat ions U fo sbect and fo dect object

n der und s the sbject ( U ) n B der Jungethe sbect and den und is the dect obect

ote the change fom der to den This change eqedwhen a m non i s sed as nstead of U does notappy to s n g a f and n nons o to p a nons

s n g a m f n

u der die das den die das

2 G R M A N N H R M O N H S

p a m f n diedie


34/274

P R O O U S : ' I , M , W, U S, YOU , TC

ase U

ase

st pe son nd 3d peson

ich1

rwe

mich unsme us

p rs.

Sie*you

Sie*you

er se es sehe she t they

hnhm

seher

esit

ethem

* xept when addessing h ld en fam ly fr ends andan ma ls (see set ions 3 and )

M ITATD PRO U CATO

deh; i; mi; vee; oos; zee; e; ee; zee; es; zee

US FU VR BS 'TO B, 'TO AV AD'TO MAK

n ode to make sentenes we need vebs (proesswods) as wel l as nouns a nd pronoun s Sein (to be) andhaen ( to have) are regu a vebs wh h mean s theydo not folow a set patten. oweve machen (to

make) s a mode fo al l standard eman verbs ereare the diffeent veb foms needed to fom the presenttense (e g . wok a m workin g do wok ) .

to be, sein

1 am

we areyou are

hey are

he isshe is

it is

ich inwir sindSie sindsie sind

er st se st

es st

W K 3


35/274

2 to have,

have we have

you have

they have he has she has

it has

to make,

make we make you make they make he makes

she makes

it makes

Vebs ae found i n a dit ion ay an d in the i n idit iona yi n the fom stem e .g Tomake the pesent tense of most vebs you simply takethe stem an d add these endings

st peson s i ngu l a st peson pua (we . nd peson s i ngu l a (you . . nd peson p ua l (you . ) 3d peson p u a ( they . ) 3d peson s i ngu l a (he e t

fo stems

end i ng i n d o

I M ITATD PRO U CIATIO

zy; bi; zit; ist; -b; -b; haht; -;

-; at; (x. 4) -b; -f; -;

-l; -f; -m; -; -k

4 G R M AN I N H R M O N H S


36/274

Exercise 4 -

A Learn the foowing verbs and then transate the

sentences in B:

ieben to ovekaufen to buy

machen to make

hoen to fetch

rufen to ca

kommen

br ingen

tr inken

to come

to br ing

to dr i nk

B Transate into German

The father loves the adlady t is harmless e buys the newspaper She makes the bes

The aughter fetches the car She calls the cat an the og The cat ad the og come The lanlay brings water ather, lanlay, aughter, og an cat rink

the water

OCABUAY

Practise a the seteces i the coversatio that

folows uti you kow them by heart. These areew words

Entschudigung!

suchendie Touristeninformation

iegenam

der Theaterpatzwie?dahin

xcuse me

to look fortourist iformatio

officeto be (situated

i/o the

Theatre Squarehow

(to) there

W K 3 5


37/274

nich ·eicht

Moment magehenüber

die I


38/274

I M ITATD PRO U CIATIO

et-shoo-di-gook; -k; dee too--t*i-fo-mah

tsioh; ee-g; ahm; de teh--t-lahts; vee;dah-; it; yt; moh- mahl; -; uedee kro-tsug; -t; dee shtrah ets; demahkt-lahts; -; dah; dee -e dahsgahst-hos; dee -z; -m; -sh; ys; tsvy;dy; f ee-t; -m g-ah-d*; fue; -vah;hoo-dt; de meh-t; fin fofoot -i; es maht its; oom; dee-z;dee tsyt; -vee-zoh; g-sho-s

COVRSATIO

An encounter in the steet

OURISIN Entscudigung! ich suche dieTouristeninformation

PASSAN Ja die iegt am Theaterpatz OURISIN Und wie komme ich dahin?

PASSAN Das ist nicht so eicht Moment ma Sie gehen ber die Kreuzung zweite Straßerechts über den Marktpatz Sie sehen

dann die Kirche und das Gasthaus ZurRose Sie nehmen die Straße zwischenGasthaus und Kirche dann eins zwei drei ja dann die vierte Straße rechtsdann immer geradeaus fr etwafnfhundert Meter Sie finden dann sofortden Theaterpatz

OURISIN

das ist furchtbar schwierig!PASSAN Es macht nichts die Touristeninformationist um iese Zeit sowieso geschossen

W K 3 7


39/274

RASATO

An encounte n the steet

TOURST xcuse me . . . m looking for the touristinformation office.

PASSER-BY Oh . . . thts i Theatre Square. TOURST nd how do get there

PASSERBY Thats not so easy . . . Just a moment . . . . You goover the crossroads, seco street o te right,

across the marketlace Youll then see thechurch and the Rose nn. You tke the street

betwee (the) in nd (the) church, then . . .one . . . two . . . hree . . . yes, then the f ourthstreet on the right, hen straigt ahead for boutfive hundred metres. Youll the find (the )Theatre Square immediately.

TRSO, thts terribly difficult!

PASERB t desnt matter, the iformation office is closeat tis time anyway.

8 G R M AN I N H R M O N H S


40/274

the German words for aan and not aan: and how theyvary with the gender and case of the noun

numbers from ero to a millionhow to talk about years and pricesthe indirect object casesome verbs that are used with the indirect object case

'A A

era uses he sae wrd r a/a as i des fr e:ein he ein is used ea a/a (r e befres e . g . e cup ) has he wig ed igs

uD

f en ene en enen ene en

Used l ke h s ein has p u ra as s mea i g s s g la rby def i . s i g ish smeies he p lra u isused ale. her es he u s preceded by wrdsl ke einige ( se ) mehrere ( severa ) r ein paar ( aew) . These wrds are always ud i he sae frwhu chag g e d ig s .

Freundeir haben einige Freunde hier

mehrere Freundeein paar Freunde

ein has a para e kein whch eas a/ a r . . . . Ths aura y des have a plural (cf fr ieds)

s gu a r p u ra m . f. f .

u kein keine ein keineD keinen keine ein keine

hereas g sh we say r exampe have ayrie ds i e ra he expressi is ch habe keine

Freunde herefre kein s i csa use as he

W K 9


41/274

wig exapes shw (he phrases i brackes givehe l i era ea i gs)

Wir trinken ein BierWe don' drink beer (We drink no beer)Ich habe keine AhnungI haven' a cle ( have no ce/no idea)Kein Mensch gaubt so etwasNobody wold believe anyhing like ha (No person

believes sch a hing)

Sie hat Angst aber er hat keine AngstShe is afraid b he is not ( She has fear bt he has

no fear )Er hat keinen BerufHe isn' rained for anyhing (He has no

profession/rade)Wir sind keine Anfänger

We aren' beginners (We are no beginners )

ayig wha sees b is des ivve usigein aig wha sees b is o is usual ly dewih ncht ( ) :

De Mutter ist LehrerinThe moher is a eacher

Er ist nicht Zahnarzt er ist KinderarztHe's no a denis, he's a paediarician

4 G R M AN I N H R M O N HS


42/274

Exercise 5_

Trans ate the fo owin g senten ces nto Germa n . You wi

need these new words

bauend ie Wohn u ng (en)

das Probem (e)

insta l ie ren

das Wassersystem (e)

die Eektr z ität

der Eektr iker ()

d ie Katastrophe (n)

to bui ldfat

probem

to insta l

water system

eectricty

eectr ic ian

catastrophe

They are bying a hose and making flats One fla hasnt got a kithen Thats a roblem and they are bilding a kithen One flat hasnt any water Thats also a roblem b the father is installing

a water system

One flat hasn go eetriity Thats no roblem The son is an eletriian One flat has a kithen, water, eletriiy, and

some uboards, but no windows

Thats not a robem, its a atastrohe

M TATD PRO U CATO

n; dee h nng dahs lehmin sah rn; dahs szesehm;

dee*elekrisi; de*erik,dee kahahsf

W E E K 41


43/274

UB

First learn to count from 0 to 0 Null is needed man lywhen c t ng decmals or readi ng out s ing l e d g i ts (assomet imes in te ephone nu mbers)

0 nul 6 sechs1

7 siebenens2

8 achtzwe

3 drei 9 neun

4 10 zehnver5 fünf

Now cou nt up to 0. lways stress the first syl ab le

11 elf12 zwölf

13 dreizehn14 vierzehn15 fünfzehn16 sechzehn (note that the -s of sechs disappears)17 siebzehn (note that the -en of sieben vanishes)18 achtzehn19 neunzehn20 zwanzig

Next count from to 30. Be carefu to stress the frstsy l ab le Note that the unts precede the tens and arejoined to them by und

21 einundzwanzig22 zweiundzwanzig23 dreiundzwanzig24 vierundzwanzig25 fünfundzwanzig26 sechsundzwanzig (because th s means

sixandweny the -s of sechs has returned ! )27 siebenundzwanzig (the -en is back)28 achtundzwanzig29 neunundzwanzig

30 dreißg

42 G R M N I N H R E M O N H S


44/274

Now count from 0 to 00 in tens.

0 zehn20 zwanzig30 dreißig40 vierzig50 fünfzig60 sechzig (note that the -s is lost aga n )70 siebzig (the -en of sieben is agan opped off)80 achtzig90 neunzig

00 hundert

Then earn the fo l lowing examples combn ng un ts andtens. Because you are saying isolated numbers, insteadof count ing i n seque nce, t he stress is a lways on thesecondto ast sy abl e

3 einunddreißig42 zweiundvierzig53 dreiundfünfzig64 vierundsechzig66 sechsundsechzig75 fünfundsiebzig77 siebenundsiebzig

86 sechsundachtzig97 siebenundneunzig

Beyond 00 a ny wrtten nu mber beow the m l ionsappears as one word There s hardy ever an und afterthe hundreds in erman and never n sequence countng.The units and tens appear in the reverse order to ng l ish ,with und in between owever long the number, an um ber spoken i n iso lat on has the stress on thenormal ly stressed syl abe of ts f ina component300 dreihndert 507 fünfhundertseben6 9 sechshundertneunundzwnzig

W E E K 4


45/274

Practise saying these examples

101 hunderteins, or less sally)einhunderteins212 zweihundertzwöf323 dreihundertdreiundzwanzig434 vierhundertvierunddreißig545 fünfhundertfünfundvierzig656 sechshundertsechsundfünfzig666 sechshundertsechsundsechzig

767 siebenhundertsiebenundsechzig777 siebenhundertsiebenundsiebzig878 achthundertachtundsiebzig989 neunhundertneunundachtzig

Now count in hundeds fom 00 to 000

100 (ein)hundert

200 zweihundert300 dreihundert400 vierhundert500 fünfhundert600 sechshundert700 siebenhundert800 achthundert

900 neunhundert1,000 tausend

mi l l ion is eine Milion (-en) so the f ig ue 5 723 926woul d be spoken : fünf Miionen siebenhundertdreiundzwanzigtausendneunhundertsechsundzwanzig. nu mbe of moe than fou f igu es is sepaated i nthousands by thin spaces, not by commas (eg 3)

N ote a lso (section ) that a comma is used fo thedeci ma po int in eman (e .g 3 0)

Yeas befoe 000 ae designated, as in ngl ish, us ingony hundreds, so 992 i s neunzehnhundertzweiundneunzig 2005 howeve, is zweitausendfünf Thel 920s i s die zwanziger Jahre he l 90s dieachtziger Jahre with the ending -er added on to the

4 G E R M A N I N H R E E M O N S


46/274

cadina l numbe Unl ke most endings this one nevechanges l l the numbes given hee can be used both in

count ing ( , , 3 etc) and as s in g le i tems in font ofnouns ffy pages fünfzig Seiten without any chan ge The sole exceptions ae any numbes ending in -einswhee the -s is dopped befoe a noun

The boo has 20 pages i s e i the Das Buch hat zweihundertundeine Seite.

orB Das Buch hat zweihundert(und)ein Seiten.

n the -ein i s g ven the f s i ngu la end i ng -e and thenoun is s ingu la in B the -ein is left without endi ng , th eund can be dopped as in seq uen ce count in g, a nd thenoun s p lua .

Cadina l numbes ae usua y fo l lowed by a p lua noun,but thee ae common exceptions, such as unts ofcuency (see section ) and of measuement (seesection 3)

M TAT D PRO U CATIO

nool yns svy ry fee fuenf zes -bn ahnoyn sehn elf svoelf -sehn fee fuenfsehn -sehn zeep sehn ahkt-sehn non-sehn-s *oon-svahn-s *oon-svah-s

drs fees fuenf-s ze-s zeep sahkt-s non-s hoon hoon -*ns-zn n m-l-

PRICS

The basic unit of eman cuency is the Euro ( m ) ,which is d iv ided into 00 Cent (m . ) Though oftenpeceded by cadi na l nu mbes, Euro and Cent ae hadlyeve foun d i n the p l ua l P ce tags ae usual y witten,

and the su ms spoken, as fol lows

W E E K 45


47/274

written€0,55

or 55 Cent

€,20

€4,85

spokenfünfundfünfzig Cent

ein Euro zwanzigeins zwanzig (equa l y common)ein Euro und zwanzig Cent

( less com mon)

vier Euro fünfundachtzig

vier fünfundachtzigvier Euro und fünfundachtzig

Cent

Price tags are sometimes more exp ic it for example:

wrten

Kio €4,80

Pfd €2,40

Stück €3,00

Stck €3,00

spoken and mean ng

vier Euro achtzig das Kio€4 0 per kilo

zwei Euro vierzig das Pfund€2. 40 per poud

( the erman pound = 00 grams)

das Stück drei Euro

or drei Euro das Stück€3.00 for oe item or eah

You ask how much things cost as fol lows:

Was


48/274

Exercise 6 _ _

Ein Buch ostet €1 ,80 (zwölf Euro achtzig) .

Zwei Bücher osten €5,60 (ünundz wanzig

Euro sechzig) .

Now contin ue the pattern wi th the followi ng , writ in g

out the m iss in g sentences and g iv ing the pr ices i n

f igures and words:

2 E in Brot kostet €,50 (zwei Euro fünzig) .

Zwei . . .

Eine Wurst ostet € 1 , 50 (ein Euro fünfzig) .

Zwei . . . Eine Uhr ostet €85,00 (fünfundachtzig Euro) .

Zwei . . .

Eine Zeitung ostet € 1 , 7 5 (ein Euro

fünfundsiebzig) .

Zwei . . .

Ein Bett ostet €344,00 (dreihundert

vierundviertzig Euro) .Zwei . . .

Ein Scran os tet €505,00 (fünfundertünf

Euro) .

Zwei . . .

E in Messer ostet €3,60 (drei Euro sechzig) .

Zwei . . .

9 Eine Rose ostet € , 1 5 (zwei Euro fünzehn).Zwei . . .

Ein Auto ostet €18 000,00 (achtzehntausend

Euro) .

Zwei . . .

W E E K 47


49/274

TH IDIRCT OBJCT CAS

The ng ish sentence am ending h im it ' has not onebu t two objects it ' de notes the item d i rectly affected bythe process am end in g' an d is the di rect object, whi eh im ' denotes the recip ient or be nef ic iary of the verb, somay be cal led the indirect object n ng ish we arehardly aware of the as a case, since we either usewords l ike to' or for' to indicate a recipient, or just etthe n oun stand a l one

I am ledig him it

I am ledig it to my fried am ledig the book to my fried

am ledig my fried the book

erman speakers, however, have a stron g sen se of case,a nd the indirect object has a distinctive set of wordsfor the', (not) a/an', and no', as well as a separate set ofpronouns

(to/for) the, (not) a/an, no'

s i ngu a rm f. n

dem der dem

(l


50/274

den(k)einen

dem(k)einem

die(k)eine

der(k)einer

das(k)ein

de(k)einem

diekeine

denkeinen

ummary of U, and cases for pronouns:

st pers . n d pers. 3rd pers.

p lura l s ingu la r p lura ls ng m . f . n u ich • Sie • •r er e es e mich Sie ihn • •uns e es e • Ihnen ihm ihr ihm ihnenmr uns

lt may help to note that, with der die das etc, (k)einand the ponouns, the m. and n . s i ngu lar case alwaysends with the lee m that the f. s in gula r case alwaysends with the letter r and that the p l ura l case of derdie das and kein along with the nd person and the3d person p lu a l pono ns, a l l e nd with the letters en

M TATD PROUCATO

de, yn, kyn; dehn, nn, -nn; dehm, -nm, knm; dee, -n, -n; de, -n, -n; dahs, yn,kyn; i, mi, mee; vee, oons; ee, -nn; e, een,eem; ee, ee; es, eem

V R BS U S G TH 10 CAS

pat from vebs l ike

bringengebenschenkenwünschen

to bring (someone something)

to give (someone something)

to give (someone something) as a present

to wish (someone something)

which may relate to both a direct obect and an indirectobject, em an has s ome vebs which, if they have a n

WE E K 49


51/274

object that s human requre ths to be a n ndrect object

For exampebegegnenhefengefallengaubenverzeihenraten

o mee (someoe)o help (someoe)o please ( someoe )o believe ( someoe)o f orgive ( someoe)o advise ( someoe)

IMTATD PROUCIATIO

bring; geh b; heng k; vuen-sh; bgehg;helf; gfah l; glowb; ft; rah

xecise 7 �

Rewrte the foowg seteces, substtut g thenous brackets fo r those that p recede the m a d

ma k g th e other cha ges eeded The words that

have to be chaged are

ch bringe tt (Vater) Zt (Buch)ch gebe in Jü (Flur)ch schenke t (Bruder) !tz(Hund) und wnsche einen guten Tag

VOCABUAY

Study he oversaion that follows util you kowal the setees (ad their meaig) by heart These

are ew wordsheute bend his eveigengeaden ivited ( ou)mannetten

de Dame (-n)rote

oe

1eladyred

5 G E R M AN N H R E E M O N HS


52/274

die

besttgut

weviee?solenach!verheratetveecht

neweso denn?bedeuten

gebe

defiielfie

how myshl is o, re o

oh

mried

perhpsever

wy is h

o me

yeloioNeke -n

btte schön!ve Spaß!

here you re youre elome

(hve) ie ime

I M ITAT D PRO U CIATIO

ho*ah ; g-ld; h; ; de . .dah; roh; shtmt; oo; vee-l zo - l; • h; f-rh feelt; ee vee de do; ge; dee nel; se; fe . shphs

CORSATO

A poblem of etiquette at the floist

NDE ch bn heute Abend engeaden. Wasschenkt man ener netten Dame?

BESITZERIN Moment bitte . . . . ch helfe hnen sofortRote Rosen gefalen hr bestmmt.

NDE We teuer snd rote Rosen?BESITZERIN Se kosten en Euro fünfzig das Stücl


53/274

KUNDE Geben Se mr fnf Stück btte? . Ach ja,brnge ch hrem Mann auch etwas?

BESIZERIN Was! ? De Dame st verheratet! ! ?? RoteRosen gefaen hr veecht, aber hr Mannverzeht Ihnen ne, gauben Se mr.

KUNDE Weso denn?BESIZERIN Rote Rosen bedeuten Lebe. Ich rate Ihnen,

schenken Se hr gebe Neken . Btteschön . . . Ich wnsche Ihnen ve Spaß

heute abend!

RASAIO

CUSOER I am iited out this eeig. Wha does oegie a ie lady?

PROPRIERESS ust a momet please . . . I ll help you straight

away. ed roses will defiitey pleas er.CUSOER How mu are red roses?

POPRIETRESS hey ost oe euro fifty eah.CUSOER ie, ll tae roses.

PROPRIERESS How may is it to be? . . . fie . . se . .

ie?

CUSOER Will you gie me fie please? . . Oh yes, shall

I tae somethig for her husbad too?PROPRIETRESS What ? he lady is married ?? ed roses

will peraps please her, bu er usbad willeer forgie you, beliee me !

CUSOER Why is that?PROPRIERESS ed roses mea loe. adise you, gie her

yellow aratios . . . ere you are . . . . I wishyou a pleasa time this eeig


54/274

how to ask questions and give instructionsques tion words such as who ? when ? and why?

using nicht (not) to make negative sentenceswrd order in instructions and requestssome common descriptive words (adjectives and adverbs)comparatives and superlatives (eg. o/d olde oldest)

ASKIG QUSTIOS

hen the an swe is expected to be ja ( yes') onein ( no ' )

To as k a queston equ ing a yes' o no' answe s implybegin with the veb and fo low i mmediate ly with the U

Ist er Eektriker?Is he a eetiia?

Kommt er heute?Is he omig today?Kommt er oft?oes he ome ofte?Hat sie Geschwister?as she got) ay) bothers ad sisters?Arbeiten sie?Ae they wog?

he n the a nswe is expected to be a piece ofnfomation

To ask a quest ion equi ing pat icu la infomation n thea nswe, sta t with the a pp opiate questio n wd

was?

wie?wo?wer?wen?wem?wann?warum?

wht?

how?whee?who?

whom)?who m) to/for?whe?why?

W E E K 5


55/274

Fol low thi s wth the verb t hen with the U except whenthe U is the quest ion word tself, a s i s sometimes the

case wth wer? a n d was? (e g quest ions marked withan aster sk below):

Was kosten die Kartoffeln?What do the potatoes ost?Was macht das?How muh s that?*Was kommt jetzt?

What s omg ow?Wie fahren Sie?How are you traellg .e. by what meas)?Wie heißt der Sohn?What s the sos ame? lteraly: How s the so alled?)Wo wohnt die Freundin?Where does the grlfred le?*Wer wohnt hier?Who les here?

Wer ist der Besitzer?Who s the propretor?

Wen kennt der Junge?Whom) does the boy ow?Wem bringt er die Blumen?Who m ) s he tag the flowers to?

Wann fahren wir?Whe are we traellg e. whe do we eae)?

This l ist of questonwords is not exhaustive.

I M TATD PRO U CATIO

st * e * e-lek tr-; omt * e -t; omt * e *

oft; haht zee ge-shis t; -by-t zee; ahs; ee; oh;e; eh; ehm; ah; ah; ahs -t deekah--fl; ahs maht dahs; ahs omt yetst; ee-r zee; ee hyst de zoh; oh oht deefroyn dn; e oht hee; e * st de b--s;eh et de yoong ehm brgt * e dee-m; ah -r ee

54 G E R M N I N H R E E M O N H S


56/274

OTS

l f the person you a re ask i ng does not know the

answer, a typcal response mght be

Ich weiß (es) nicht. 1 don know.

The use of nicht s expla i ned n section 3

uest ions n erman are oen used as a way ofma k ng pol ite requ ests They may take te same form asthe ng i sh ou d you ? (see section ) or be moredrect, in a form tat woud be considered rude in ngl s:

Geben Sie mir bitte die Zeitung?Wil you give me e paper, please(ieraly Are you giving me e paper, please)

Reichen Sie bitte den Zucker?Wil you pass e sugar, please

The phrase was für (ein)? means what sort of (a)? :

Was für en Auto haben Sie?Wa sor of (a) car do you have

Was für Blumen bringt er?Wha sor of fowers does e bringWas für einen Teppich sucht sie?Wha sor of (a) carpe is se looking forWas für ein Mensch ist er?Wa sor of a person is e

n was für ein? te ein as te same ending as i n teypothetical statement on wich the question is based:

Sie haben ein Auto. Was für ein Auto haben Sie?You ave a car Wa sor of a car do you have

Sie sucht einen Teppich. Was für einen Teppichsucht sie?Shes looking for a carpe Wha sor of a carpe is she

ooking f or

W K 5 5


57/274

IMITATD PROUCIATIO

vys * es ; geh zee mee - dee tsyoog

ry zee - den tsoo vas fue * * -ohah zee; vas fue boo g * e; vasfue * y te zoo zee; vas fue* yn mens * is * ; zee hah * yn * -o; vasfue * * -o hah zee; zee zook * yte vas fue * y te zook zee

Exercise 8

nsert the correct questionword from the coumn on

the r ight i n the fo owing questons

fü ei Ato hat er? kommt e? besht er?

wohnt die Frendin? ? st se h "ß ? e t se b ? e t er se


Wen

Wer

Was

Wie

Warm

Wan

Wo


58/274

GATIV STCS

ecton showed the wde use of kein to makenegatve sentences But kein can ony be used befoenouns and can only mean not a/an' o no' , neve notthe ' he e kein is not possble, nicht { not ' ) is used

nicht oen comes ate n the sentence, o even ast l tneve comes between the U and the veb, and t has noeffect on t he ve b

Er schwit nicht ier. He doesn always swim.Wir kennen sie noch nicht. We don know er yeEs funktioniert nicht gut. isn working wel.

The same p ncip e app ies to quest ions

Ist er nicht Elektriker? sn e an elecrician Kot er nicht heute? sn e coming odayomt er nicht oft? Doesn e come ofenWaru arbeiten sie nicht? Wy aren ey workingbHat sie keine Geschwister?Has se no broers or sisers Hasn se any broersor sisers

STRU CTIO S A D R U STS

To give a n ode o i nstuctio n, say the basi c fom of theveb, with its -en en di ng , an d fol low it d i ect ly with Sie

Koen Sie sofort! Come a once

This is less abupt tan the ngl ish equivaent and can betoned down futhe by addng bitte { p lease ' )

Geben Sie ir bitte die Zeitung!Give me e paper please

W E E K 5 7


59/274

N ote the dist inct ion between this sentence and theappaent y ident ica l quest ion sentence i n sect ion .

They ook the same but ae spoken diffeently.

The only iegula instuction fom is that fo the veb tobe' sein seien Sie! Fo example:

Seien Sie so nett und bringen Sie mir die Zeitung!Be s o kind and bring me e paper

VOCABUAR

bitte schön ? yes please der Führer (-) gideder Stadtfhrer (-) own guide

fragen o askder Chef (- s) boss, manager

suchen o look for

so etwas suc a ingsicher ceainlydrüben over heregucken o ave a loo

(pronounced

kuckendort hereverrückt crazyvon ofnatrich of coursebrauchen o needhier erekennen o know

die Stadt (e) own

M TATD PRO U CATO

- soen; de -r; de sa-fue-r, fra-gen;

de sef; zoon; zoh etvas; -bn;kn; do; f-; fon; na--li;

-n; hee, -nn; dee sa



60/274

xercise

9

Tra nsate ths encou nter i nto Germa n On ly transate

what the speakers say You w need the new words inthe vocabuary opposite Correct your transation wththe hep of the Key, then ea rn the d aogu e by heart

A stranger (Freme) tries to by a town gie in a bookshop in Bnsenheim

ASSISTANT Yes please ?

STRANGR elo ave yo got a gie?

ASSISANT What sort of a gie?

STRANGER A town gie ASSISANT ont know Please ask the bossSTRANGER (to anager) Helo m looking for a town

gie Have yo got sch a thing?MANAGER Yes, certainy The town gies are over

there ave a ook there

Ten minutes later

STRANGR ts cray fi tow gies of Frankfrt ,

Gießen, arbrg, an


61/274

djectives and advebs ae often peceded by wods thatqua l ify them

sehrzusoziemlichetwasnichtnicht so

gar nicht

very

oo

sofairly, raher, preyraher, somewa

no

no so

no a all

Der Chef ist gar nicht höflich.The boss sn polie.

Das Kind trinkt die Milch ziemlich schnell.Te cild drinks he milk prey quickly

I M ITATD PRO U CIATIOzeh; soo; zoh; -li; -vas; ni; ni zo;

gah ni

djectives and advebs shae the same methods ofmaking compa isons

Compaatives ( moe', less' , etc)

To make compaatves add -er to the basic adjective oadveb and, if you need than', use als

Das Wetter ist heute schlechter als gestern.The weaher is worse oday an yeserday

Das Kind singt schlecht, aber die Mutter singt

schlechter.The cild sings badly, bu he moher sings worse

ith some adjectives and advebs you also have tochange the sound of the vowe :

altarm

old

poorälter armer

6 G E R M AN N H R E E M O N H S

older

poorer


62/274

groß big gröer ggerhart ard härter harder• • •ng young unger youngerkat cod


63/274

oweve when a supelatve adjective pecedes thenoun (as n ngl ish t he f nest weathe ' ) , am is not used

and the en din g may be othe than -en (see secton ).

MTATD PROUCATIO

hl -; m -m; grhs -s; hh-; yoong -; khl ; klook

klue g; krahnk krengk; koos kue-s;lahng leng; of -; shvh -; shk

-k; va m, -m

Li ke n g ish e man has a few adjectves that don'tfo low the usual patten:

gutviel

hoch

good

much

high

bessermehr

höher

beer

more

high er

am besten

am mesten

am höchsten

bes

mos

highesnahe ne näher nerer am nächsten nees

4 To say as . . . as' eman uses so wie

Das Haus ist so klein wie ein Schuppenhe huse is s smll s shed

ch komme so schnell wie möglich'll come s quickly s possible

j ust as . . . as ' s ebenso wie

Das Schlafzimmer ist ebenso groß wie dasWohnzimmerhe bedroom is jus s big s he living room

Der Vetter singt ebenso schön wie die Kusinehe (mle) cousin sings jus s beuifully s he

(femle) cousin

62 G E R M A I H R E E M O H S


64/274

IM ITATD PROUCATO

goo be hm n; feel meh ahm mysn;

hoh hoe hm hoesn; nah n hmn; zoh vee; bnzoh vee

Exercise 10

i uttr ist alt abr min Vatr ist ältrNow compete the fo owing sentences i n th e same way

in Brr ist groß abr min Schwstr ist Di Frau ist jung abr i Wirtin ist Dr Sohn s klug abr i Tochtr ist Das Zimmr ist warm abr das Btt ist Di gb Nlk ist lag abr di rot Ros ist Di Fra ist ntt abr r ann ist

OC u wll ed hese new words o rnsle te ·

versos on pge 65 ino nglsh:

d Hausbestzern (-nen) house ownerds . his

das ohnzmmer (-) living room das Schafzimmer (-) bedroomder Mieter () ennder Fur (-e) hll

dunk(e)* drkde Straße (-n) sree

aut

nosy

egentch relly, ullyoben upsirshel ligh brigh

der Raum (e) room, spebestmt definielybret wideunten donsirs

de Decke (-n) eiling

W E E K 6


65/274

die

der

niedrig•

wnzg

gegenüberussicht (-en)wunderschönGarten ()liegennämlich

lowiny

opposiev1ew

glorious splendidgr den

o lieyou see (in

explnion)

hinten he bck rer

ruhig quievorn he fronnehen o keübrigens by he wy

der Monat ( -e) monhteu(e)r* der epensivejetzt now, presen

zahlen o py* he brckeed leer dsppers whennohersyllble like -er is dded o he djecive/dverb

I M ITAT D PRO U CIATO

dee -b- zi-s-rin; dees; dhs -si -m

dhs -si-m; de -; de foo;

doong -kl; dee -s; low; -gn-li; -bn;hel; de rowm; b-; bry; -n; dee -k;-dr; -s; geh-gen-b; dee -zi;-d-shoen; de gah -n; lee-gn; �-li;-n; -i; fo; -mn; ueb-ri-gns; deß-nh; -; yes; -ln



66/274

COVRSATO

A huse owne shows thee vacant flats to apospective tenant

n the gound f oo f at :

HAUSBESITZERIN Diese Wohnung ist schön groß, zweiWohnzimer, vier Schlafzier, zweioiletten ....

MIETER Der Flur ist zu dunkel, und die Straßeist zielich laut. Diese Wohnung istir eigentlich zu groß. Ich brauchekeine vier Schlafzimer, eigentlich nurzwei .... Sind die Wohnungen obenkleiner?

HAUSBESITZERIN Ja. Sie sind auch etwas heller als diese.

n the f i st f oo f at at the font

HAUSBESITZERIN Diese Räume gefallen Ihnen bestimmt. . . nur ein Wohnzimmer, aber breiterund länger als das Wohnzimer unten.

MIETER Ja, schön, aber die Decke ist niedrigerals unten. Die drei Schlafzimmer sind

mir zu winzig, und es ist ebenso lauthier wie unten.

n th e f i st f oo f at at th e ea

HAUSBESITZERIN Diese Wohnung ist a schönsten.Hier sind nur zwei Schlafzimer.Sie sind aber etwas größer als die

Schlafzimer gegenüber. Die ussichtist wunderschön, der Garten liegtnälich hinten.

MIETER Ja, und diese Wohnung ist auch vielruhiger als die Wohnungen vorn. Ja,ich nehme sie . . . . Wie hoch ist übrigensdie Miete?

W E E K 6


67/274

HAUSBSRN Siebenhundertfünfzig Euro pro MonatMIER Was! ! ?? Nein, das ist mir zu teuer Das

ist vie mehr, as ich jetzt zahle.

TRASATO

n t he grou nd f loor f lat:

HOUSE OWNER his fl is beuifully spcious, wo living

ooms, fou beooms, wo oiles . . . . NAN he hll is oo k, n he see is he

noisy. his fl is elly oo lge fo me.

don' need fou bedooms, only wo elly

. . . . Ae he fs upsis smlleHOUSE OWNER Yes. hey'e somewh lighe hn his

one, oo.

n the f rst f oor f lat at the front:

HOUSE OWNR Youll efiniely like hese ooms . . only

one living oom, b wie nd lnge hn

he living oom ownsis. NAN Yes, fine, bu he ceiling is lowe hn

ownsis. he hee bedooms e oo

iny fo me, n i's jus s noisy he sdownsis.

n th e f i rst f loor f lat at the rear :

HOUSE OWNER his fl is he nices of ll. ee hee only wo bedooms. Bu hey'e somewh

lge hn he beooms opposie. he viewis gloious. he ge's e bck, you see.

NAN Yes, n his fl is quiee hn he fls

he fon o. Yes, 'll ke i . . . B y hewy, how much is he en

HOUSE OWNER Seven hune n fify euos monh. NAN h! ! o, h's oo e fo me . h's

much moe hn 'm pying now.



68/274


69/274

N ote thee contracted foms fequently found whendas follows

durchs ( durch das) Fensterfürs (= für das) Theaterums (= um das) Feuer

hrough he window

for he here

round he fire

Preposition s fol lowed by the case

aus

bei

•mt

nach

•set

von

zu

ou of from

wih so ndso 's house ) ner insuchnd such condiions r weer) during in he process/ course of

wih

o cerin locions including one's ownhouse: nach Hause fer ime) ccording o

since for period of ime up o now)

from plce nd ime) by indicing gency

or uhorship) of possession )

o cerin ocions) eg home:

zu Hause

Note these contacted foms when dem fol lows:

beim (= bei dem) Gewitter

vom (= von dem) Dachzum (= zu dem) Arzt

and when der (f case) fol lows:

zur (= zu der) S eite


in/during hehunersorm

from he roof

o he docor

o he side side


70/274

Preposit i ons fol lowed by eithe the o case

lf the context indicates a chang e of locat ion o r cond it ion,these preposit ions are fol lowed by the caseotherwise they ae fol lowed by the case.

an

auf

hinter

•n

neben

über

unter

vor

on o ( he side of);up o (he edge of)

on o (he op of hoionl surfce)

(o) behind

ino

(o) nex o (o)

longside

cross over (i .e.

from one side ohe oher) vi

(o) underneh (o)below under (from

one side o he oher)

(o) in fron of (o)

before

zwischen (o ) in eween

y on (he side

of non-horizonlsurfce) ; on (wih

dys nd des)

on (he op of horizonl surfce )

behind

in (spil nd

emporl houghyer numbers need

im Jahre eg . imJahre 2003 insidewihin

nex o longside

long wih

bove over (i .e onop of)

below undernehunder

in fron of before; (in

ps ime conexs) go

beween

W E E K 69


71/274

7

Note tese contracted forms wen das fol lows:

ans ( an das) Feueraufs ( auf das) Wasserins ( in das) Netzvors = vor das) Auto

and wen dem fo lows:

am = an dem) Montag

im = in dem) Schnee

up o he fieon o he we

ino he ne

in fon of he c

on Mondy

in he snow

Te fo ow ng sentences i l l strate te pr i ncp le nde r yngte selecton of or

Fritz geht an den Schrank, Liese steht am Schrank.Fiz goes o he wdobe Liese snds by he wdobe

Er egt die Zeitung auf den Schrank, sie iegt jetzt

auf dem Schrank.e ps (lys) he newsppe on he wdobe 's now(now lies) on he wdobe

Fritz springt hinter den Schrank, Liese ist schonhinter dem Schrank.Fiz jumps behind he wdobe Liese is ledy behind

he wdobe

Fritz geht jetzt in den Schrank, Liese singt imSchrankFiz now goes ino he wdobe Liese is singing in he

wdobe

Die Katze geht neben den Stuh, der und iegtschon neben dem Stuhl.he c goes nex o he chi he dog is ledy lying

nex o he chi

Die Katze springt über den Tisch, die Uhr hängtüber dem Tisch.he c jumps ove he ble he clock is hnging bovehe ble

Fritz kriecht unter den Tisch, die Zeitung liegtunter dem Tisch.iz ceeps unde he ble he newsppe is (lies)

unde he ble

G E R M A I H R E E M O H S


72/274

4 The prepost on bs can be used n two ways

h en expressng t me/nu mbers, t means u nt , u p to, by. The D case follows:

bs nächstes Jahr i nex yerbs nächsten Montag i nex Mondy

n other expressons, t means up to, as far as . n th s

usage bs cannot stand alone, except before pacenames l t must be fol owed by another preposton suchas an auf or in The case of the noun or pronoun sdeterm ned by th s second prepost on.

The fol l own g exam pl e sh ows both u sages :

Frtz kommt nur bs Bunsenheim, fndet enGasthaus, geht bs an de Tür, wartet bs fünf Uhr,zäht bs fünfzg, kommt dann bs n de Gaststube,aber: kener st da!Friz ony ges s fr s Bunsenheim finds n inn goes

up o he door wis uni five o'cock couns up o fify

hen ges s fr s he ounge bu no one is here !

5 The preposton gegenüber means opposte, towards,com pared to

Usua l ly gegenüber fol lows the (pro)noun to whch treates, and takes the case:

Die Krche steht am Marktplatz dem Gasthaus ZurRose gegenüber, und Se fnden das Theater amTheaterplatz der Touristeninformation gegenüber.he church is on he mrkepce opposie he Rose nn

nd you' find he here on here Squre opposie

he ouris informion office.


73/274

VOCABARY

You wi need he foowing new words o compee

eercises nd 2 .

der Verbrecher (- )der Pinsel (- )die Paette (-n)die and (e)as Bild (-er)

die Sache (-n)die Tischdecke (-n)das Brot (-e)das Glas (er)die Flasche (-n)der Korken (-)das Etikett (-en)

wichtig

die Feile (-n)

der Einbrecher (-)die Haustür (-en)

kopfenniemand, keinerguckenfnden

das Nuernschild (-er)die Garage (-n)

zurückstecken

der Rahmen (-)öffnen

die eppe (-n)•stzendas Skeett (-e)die Axt (e)


criminpinbrsh

peehndpicure

hingbecoh

ofgssboe

corkbe

imporn

fie

burgr/inruderfron door

o knock

no oneo peep

o fnd

number pegrge

bck

o p (isie or beeen

frmeo open

sirs (ie. sircseo si

skeeon

e


74/274

Exercse 1 1

Th e story that fo ows descri bes a priso ne r pai nt i ng a

picture of objects on a tabe On the tabecoh is a oafof bread cut open to revea a fi e, which has been

inserted into it Next o he oaf is a g ass of win e andbehind it , a wine botte Compete the story by inserting preposit ions in the gaps marked (P) and putt ing therig ht ca see n di n gs o n d an d e in The preposit ions, isted in the order in which they are required, are:

m it, in, vor, auf, auf, neben, hinter, mit, auf, für, i n

Der Verbrecher steht (P) en Pnsel nd en

Palette (P) d Hand (P) en Bld (P) d Bld snd mehrere Sachen (P) en schdecke legt

en Brot (P) d Brot st en Glas, nd (P)

Brot st ene Flasche (P) en


75/274

TH XPRSSIO 'S GIBT ( 'THR IS ,TH R AR )

n any anguage there is a way to express the dea thatsometh n g exists or doesn't exist, is ava ab le or notavai lab e Th is is done i n ng i sh with the expressionthere s/are' . n the fol lowing ngl ish exampes, notehow the verb changes, not only according to time buta lso to match the th in g it is referr ing to, s how ngwhether i t is s i ngu ar or p lura :

here's mouse in he lrderhere re rs by he riverhere ws cke for e

here were hmburgers for supper

erman has es gibt (from geben to gve') as its

equivalent of there s/are' in sentences saying whethersomethn g exists or is ava lab le . n th is expresson es iste U so the item(s) being ta ked about must be inte D case:

Es gibt heute einen Film im Fernsehen.here's film on eevision odyGibt es keinen Kuchen mehr?

s here no more ckeEs gibt mehrere Fehler in de Briefhere re severl miskes in he eerEs gibt einige Ausländer im Hotel.here re some foreigners in he hoelEs gibt jetzt Abendbrot!ow we're going o hve supper! (here is supper now)

You wl l see from these examples that es gibt does notchange for the p lura .

Th e queston Was gibt es? (usua ly spoken Was gibts?means hat s the re ? ' (e . g . for a mea , avai lab e n asop, on teevis on, etc) .

74 G E R A N I N H R E E O N H S


76/274

VOCU

der Hotelgast (e) hoe gues

das Fernsehen elevisionim Fernsehen on eevisionheute Abend his evening

der elner (-) werdie Fernsehzeitung (-en) V mgzinedie Woche (-n) week

iese Woche his weekdie Tageszeitung (-en) diy pper

hier hereleider unforuneygestern yeserdy

Exercise 1 3

Trans ate the fo owng sho rt conversat on i nto German You w need the words n the vocabuary ist above.

I the teevision ouge of a ote

HOEL GUEST Wat is tere on television tis evening?

WAIER dont know

HOEL GUES Look in te TV magaine please in DO)WAER Tere is no TV magaine tis week

HOEL GUEST s tere a daily paper?

WATER Yes ere is a daily paper but it is

unfortunately from yesterday von

W E E K 75


77/274

words which follow the same pattern as der die dasincluding the words for this and that

words which follow the same pattern as ein thepossessive words my your etcendings that are added to adjectives when theyprecede a nounordinal numbers (first second etc) and fractionsthe familiar forms used when talking to friends orchildrenthe order of words in a simple German sentence

WORDS FOOWI G TH SAM PATTR AS'DR ' D I , 'DAS

Th ee ae six othe wods that ae l ike the d . . wodsder die das ec) in that they appea in the same

posit ion befoe the noun and have the d. . end ings These wods ae

dies . .jed . .welch . . ?/!en . .soch . .

manch . .

NT

his hese mm h hoseech every ny

which wh wh () !

h hose

such

quie few fir number of

The usual way to say that' is der die o das spokenwth stess, o dies . .

jen . . s not used often, unless paied with dies . . n theexpesson jen . ., dies . . the fome, the latte

solch . . and manch . n the s ing u la have theatenatives solch ein an d manch ein whee only theein takes endings To convey the meaning of solch einthee a e the fu the altenat ves ein soch . . (endings asn section ) and the fequently used so ein.



78/274


79/274

28A

soch . .

manch . .

Er hat soche Schwergketen mtsenem Vater.

e hs suh diffiuies wih his fher.Wr haben soches Gück mt demWetter.ere hving suh uk wih he weher.

Mancher Pozst trnkt sebst zu ve.Que few poliemen drink oo muhhemseves.

ll ths group of words can be used not only beforenouns but on the r own, with a nou n be ng un derstoodfrom the context

Ich trnke aus desem Gas. nken Se ausdesem? drink from his gss. (ndiing) ill you drink from

his one

jeder jeden jedem on its own meanseverybody, just as kener kenen kenemon ts own means no one, nobody

WORS TAKI G TH SAM D I GS AS I

s wel l as words that are l ke the d . . words, there areothers that are paral lel to en he ein end ngs a reexclusve to words ndcating possesson

st person nd pers 3rd persons ngu la r p lu ra l s ingu la r p lura l

m . f n .• Ihr • ihr • hrmen unser sen sen

my our your his her is heir

78 G E R AN I N H R E E O N H S


80/274

ere is a summary of ype endings, using unser a n dIhr as exam pes :

s i ngu la r p u a

m f. n m f n

u unser unsere unser unsereD unseren unsere unser unsere unserem unserer unserem unseren

l is impoan no o misake unser in wic e -erbel ong s o e sem, for a d. .ype word, i n wi c e-er occus only as an ending.

s i ngu la r p u ra lm f n . m . f. n

u Ihr Ihre Ihr IhreD Ihren Ihre Ihr Ihre

Ihrem Ihrer Ihrem Ihren

l e wods in is goup, wic indicae possession,can be used no on y before no un s bu on e r own, omean mi ne, o urs, yours, is , ers, i s, eirs . Te endi ngsae e same as above, excep a e m . s i ng ua Uadds -er and e n s i ngu ar U and D add -s

Leihen Sie mir bitte Ihren Bleistift. Meiner ist weg.Lend me your pencil plese Mine hs vnished (lierlly:

is wy) .

Mein Fahrrad ist fünf Jahre alt. Wie alt ist Ihrs?My bicycle is five yers old ow old is yours

W E E K 79


81/274

Execise 1 4

Geht er ohne seine Frendin ins Theter?Nein er geht mit seiner Frendin ins Theter

w w st sie ohne ihre Shwester bei llers

eingeladen?

Nein

ommt e Vater mit nserem Geshenk frdie tter?

Nein

Esse ih den


82/274

s in g u a r p u ra m . f n m . f . n .

u der arme die arme das arme die armenMann Frau Kind Leute

den armen die arme das arme die armenMann Frau Iind Leute

de are der are de are den arenMann Frau Kind Leuten*

* P u ra nouns

in the case aways have -nadded to

the p l ura l form u n ess the p lu ra a l ready ends in -n or isa foreign p ura l l ike utos

ummary of endings after d type words

s i g u a r p lu ra m f. n . m. f. n .

u -e -e -e -en -en -e -e -en -en -en -en -en

djectives after type words

These al so have en in a l posit ions except f ive but three

of these undergo change compared with

s i n g u la rm . f

ir arer sene armean rau

D iren are seie armean Frau

ire senerare areann rau

n .ir ares

indir ares

idire

arenid

p lu ra lm . f. n ire aren

Iiderire are

Iideriren

areKinder

W E E K 8 1


83/274

u m ma ry of adjectve en d ngs afer type words

s ngu la r p lu ra lm . f. n m f n

u -er -e -es -en0 -en -e -es -en -en -en -en -en

djectves preceded by nether d type nortype words

These endngs are easy to learn f you remember wherethey come from see below:

s ngu la r p lu ra lm f. n m f n

u lalter kalte kaltes kalteWein Limonade Bier Getränke

kalten kalte kaltes kalteWein Limonade Bier Getränke

kaltem kalter kaltem kaltenWein Limonade Bier Getränken

u m mary of adjectve en d ngs wthout d or typewords:

s ngu a r p lu ra lm . f. n m f n

u -er -e -es -e -en -e -es -e -em -er -em -en

The pr ncpe behnd the adjectve endngs for and 3above s that any leters n the end ng s of d whch have

bee n lost m ust appea r n the adjectve end ng . o wthein, -r s lost n the m s n gu la r U case and -s s lost nthe n s n gu lar U/ cases They are the reforetransferred to the adject ve. n 3 , a l l the d end ngs a relost, so they are transferred to the adjectve, except thatthe n s ngu la r U/ d as becomes -es whentransferred (as wth the d type words n secton )



84/274

O DI U M BS D FCTIO S

The ordinal numbers (f irst second tird etc) areas fol lows:

frst: erst

second to nineteenthadd t to the card na l nu mber (section ) so second i szweit n inth neunt and eghteenth achtzehnt

xceptions:third dritt ei becomes i

sieben loses the enseventhe ighth

siebtacht acht does not get the ad dit onal t

twentieth onwards:

add st to the cardinal number so thrty f fh sfünfunddreißigst hundredth hundertst andthousandth tausendst

rdnal numbers are mostly used as adjectves beforenou ns so they take the endi ngs descrbed n secton :

Die fünfte Person von rechts ist mein Vater.

he fifh person from he righ is my fher.Ich nehme gern ein drittes Glas von demherrlichen Wein.'d enjoy hird glss of h splendid wine.

The fol lowing exam ples use the same en d ngs as nsect on Sie benutzen als Erster

or Erste if person spoken o is

femle) unsere neue Maschine.You're he firs o use our new mchine

Ich bin als Siebter mit der Prüfung fertig.'m he sevenh o finish he es.

part from half die Hälfte (n) fractions are formedby adding el to the ordna l nu mber which ten becomes

a n n o u n : for example quarter das Viertel () tenth

W E E K 8


85/274

das Zehntel . o twothids is zwei Dritteltheeeighths, drei Achtel

a l f (of ) the . . i s often die Hälfte von (o,instead of von the possesso case, section 0)

Die Hälfte von dem Geld gehört mir.lf of ) he oney belongs o e

oweve, when half is followed not by the butby a/an, you must use the adjective halb Thus ha lfan hou is eine halbe Stunde and ha lf a loaf is einhalbes Brot

Viertel foms a lot of compounds, such as a quateof an hou r , eine Viertelstunde a quarte of a l itre,en Vierteliter (m or n . , no change in the p lu a l )

ne and a ha lf is anderthalb, eineinhalb or eveneinundeinhalb and f ive and a half is fünfeinhalb ofünfundeinhalb These do not take any adjectiveen d ings even when they pecede nouns

CVTIO BTW FIDS

o conversat ion with i n the fam i ly, o between ch i lden ,students, etc, you use the falar nd peson ponouns( you/your ) and verb forms o now we sha l l just look athow these ae fomed i n the s in gu l a

ponoun

U du dic dir

type or{po io)

dein your)

verbsp s nt

tene

of sein: bistof abe astof oher verbs:se (e)st

intuction/ u ts

•usng sen: se

Documents

Hg3m Book Ocr