HIBISCUS

General Objective

Impact of tropical convection on the stratosphere at global scale

Specific objectives :

• Past and present meteorological analyses

• Vertical and horizontal transport

• Clouds and microphysics

• Source of stratospheric water vapour

• Chemistry, impact of lightning and pollution

• Satellite validation

5th EC framework programme (2002-2004)

Scientific objectives

– Tracers for Convection and vertical transport

– H2O and dehydration mechanisms in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL)

– Aerosols, sub-visible cirrus clouds microphysics and radiative impact

– Chemistry : impact of lifted short lived species, clouds, NOx from thunderstorms, impact on ozone.

– Meso-scale and small scale horizontal and vertical waves– Testing of meteorological models (temperature, winds)

– Global scale meridional transport through the tropical barrier

– Satellite data validation (ESA-Envisat, NASA - Sage III) and interpretation

Meso-scale (typ. 500 km) : small short duration balloon flights for high resolution in the TTL Global scale : long duration balloon flights around the world (MIR and BPS)

HIBISCUS is to study the impact of tropical convection on the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) at meso- and global scale

30

25

20

15

10

5-80 -60 -40 -20

Temperature (°C)

23 Feb 12 UT

Stratosphere

Troposphere

TTL

Cold point

Summer

Tropopause

OSCAR FAYSatellite Image composite 25 March 2004

Hurricane Season Dec-April: SW Indian NE Indian W Pacific

12.4/yr 9.9/yr 6.4/yr

Eq

Convection at the Tropics in SH summer

Maritime Continent

SACZSPCZ ITCZ

HIBISCUS Global scale

• Long duration constant level flights at 18/19 km in LS: Met models, gravity / inertia waves, O3, H2O

• Long duration MIR flights: ozone, NOx, H2O, clouds, 6 to 25 km

• ENVISAT- GOMOS: O3, NO2, H2O, T, 15-60 km

• ODIN-SMR : O3, N2O, H2O, HDO, H2O isotopes, 15-50 km

• Other satellite instruments, SHADOZ ozonesondes

• REPROBUS, TOMCAT, LMDz photochemical models

• MIMOSA PV contour advection

(Preliminary flight tests in 2001 and 2003)

Global scale : Stratospheric super-pressure balloons (BPS)

• Constant density level

• 60 or 80 hPa ; 10 m or 8.5 m diameter

• 20 to 30 kg at hook

• LMD Rumba gondola : in situ P,T, wind, 3D location every 15 minutes

• 6 HIBISCUS flights with UCAM O3/H2O (x 3) or LMD Turbulence (x 3)

BP D1, Feb 29th 2004

Stratospheric super-pressure balloons (BPS)

Bauru• Height flights at 80 and 60 hPa

• P, T, GPS loc and alt •Launch dates : from Feb 06th to March 11th 2004

• Flight durations : up to 79 days

• 25 000 observation points

Courtesy : A. Hertzog

MIR µ-LidarLaunch : March 10th, 20047 days Cirrus and Anvils

Infra-red Montgolfier (MIR)

• 45 000 m3

• ~ 60kg at hook

• Day/night excursion : 28 km/20-22 km

• Remote sensing in the UT/LS

• SA SAOZ Vis-near IR spectrometer : chemistry, clouds, H2O (x 2)

• ENEA Micro-lidar : clouds (x 1)

• IR radiometer

• CNES Inmarsat gondola (TM,TC)

MIR-SAOZ #2Launch : Feb 26th, 200439 days70 profiles

MIR-SAOZ #1, Feb 04th 2004

100806040200O3 variability (std dev %)

MIR-SAOZ

SHADOZGOMOS

SMR-ODIN

MIPAS

OSIRIS-ODIN

HALOE

-100 -50 0 50 100Relative Difference (%)

OSIRIS

MIPAS

SMR-ODIN

HALOE

SHADOZ

GOMOS

35

30

25

20

15

6x1012543210Number density

MIR-SAOZ

SMR-ODIN

GOMOS

SHADOZ

MIPAS

OSIRIS

HALOE

Satellites and sondes at 22±5°S in February 2003

Mean profile Difference with SAOZ Variability

Bias and alt. registration Precision

Satellites: - Excellent coverage in stratosphere (accuracy dependent on technique)

- Little reliable in tropical troposphere

350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0

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5

0

40 30

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5 5

-10

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-20

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-20

∆Z 360-340 K

O3 DEVIATION (%)

Walker Circulation (Newel 1979)

Ozone at 20°S MIR SAOZ March 2001

% deviation from zonal mean

Minima in TTL over convective areas, particularly maritime (O3 destruction at surface level over Ocean), Maxima over subsident regions (meridional horizontal transport)

Ozone distribution mainly controlled by transport (quasi-horizontalfrom mid-latitude and vertical by convection

350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0

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0

2000

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NO2 DEVIATION (%)

∆Z 360-340 KLIS Flashes

NO2 MIR-SAOZ 2001 20°S

% deviation from zonal mean

Maximum in UT over continental convection (200 ppt)

Minimum over Maritime areas (60 ppt)

SAOZ H2O

590, 760, 940 nm

(2004 only)

GOMOS

First H2O profiles

ODIN SMR

O3, N2O

H2O, H2O isotopes

HIBISCUS Global scale

• BP data archived

• MIR SAOZ / µlidar, radiometer data almost fully processed (already partly archived)

• Preliminary GOMOS O3, NO2 (nighttime), H2O, T, and clouds

• ODIN SMR + ODIN OSIRIS also available

• MIMOSA PV (5 K, 6 h) available

• REPROBUS CTM available, new run 3h steps in progress

• TOMCAT, LMDz, MIMOSA-chem, very soon

Analysis and discussion at further workshop in Europe in early 2005