High and Late Middle Ages

1050-1450

Where it begins…- Feudalism is the way of life- Church & Nobles have a great deal of

the power- Monarchs will attempt to take power

back

Who’s Next- King Edward dies- Harold vs. Duke William- Duke has Pope’s support- Invasion of England

William The Conqueror- Monitors Castles- Allegiance of Vassals- Census- Domesday- Had to follow Customs- Jury System- William vs. Church- Thomas Beckett- Archbishop of Canterbury- Trend?

King John- Son of Henry- Faced Phillip II of France, Pope

Innocent III, and his own nobles- Lost to Phillip, Lost Anjou & Normandy- Lost to Pope- excommunicated- Lost to Nobles- Magna Carta

Magna Carta- Rebellious Barons- Affirmed Feudal Rights- Legal rights- People/Church- Due Process & Habeas Corpus- Monarchy must obey law- Council before taxation

Parliament- Evolved from councils- Unified England, How?

- House of Nobles & House of Commons- Check’s who?

Successful Monarchy of France

• 987- Capetians take throne• Unbroken for 300 years• Effective Bureacracy• Taxes & Law• Gained Middle class backing

Phillip II- Granted Charters- Standing Army- National Tax- Gained English lands in Anjou &

Normandy- At time of death, most powerful ruler

Philip IV- Ruthlessly extends royal power- Attempts taxes from clergy- Ignored rules and arrested clergy that did not

pay- Clashed with Boniface VIII- Sends troops to seize Pope- dies- Papalcy moved to Avignon France- why?

Louis IX - King & Saint- Justice & Chivalry- 2 Wars against Muslims, persecuted

Jews & Heretics- Royal Courts- Officials to check on officials- Outlawed private wars-ends serfdom-

significance?

Estates General- Reps from 3 classes- clergy, nobles,

townspeople- Difference from Parliament?

Holy Roman Empire- After death what happened?- Duke Otto I - King of Germany- What is Germany?- Central & eastern Europe, parts of France & Italy- Bishops appointed to government- Helps Pope against rebellious nobles- Crowned- HRE- Emperors chose bishops, issue?

Pope vs. HRE- Pope Gregory VII- Wants to separate from secular rulers- Banned Lay Investiture- Emperor Henry IV- Henry is exiled, Forgiven before new HRE- Henry invades Rome, exiles Pope- 1122- Concordat of Worms- Church picks

Bishops

Struggle for Italy- Frederick Barbarossa- tried for Northern

Italy, defeated by the pope and Lombard League

- Fredrick II- Clashed with Popes- HRE- fragmented in feudal states- Southern Italy & Sicily- upheaval- Spain, France, & Pope try to gain

influence

Height of Church Power- Innocent III - Claimed Papal Supremacy- Launched Crusade against French that

wanted to purify church- Monarchs begin to centralize power,

clash over clergy taxation- Phillip- helps get Pope elected, power of

papacy declines