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High EfficiencyLarge PEM
Electrolyzers
Monjid HamdanDirector of Engineering
Giner, Inc.89 Rumford Ave, Newton, Ma. 02466
2
Outline
Giner, Inc. Overview Advancements in Efficiency
New Membranes Coming to Market Performance & Efficiency Lifetime Durability
Cost Reduction Innovative Stack Designs
High Pressure Electrolysis Performance & Validation
Large Scale PEM Electrolyzer Wrap-Up
Synergy of Giner, Inc. Technologies
Giner, Inc. Founded in 1973 Specializing in research & development
of PEM based electrochemical technology and systems
Since 2005 Giner has accelerated growth Key driver has been the
manufacturing of PEM electrolyzers to OEMs
Global leader in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM)-based electrolyzers
Highest efficiency technology for commercial applications
Core Mission: Provide Innovative PEM Technologies with the Highest Efficiencies at the Lowest Costs to Developing Hydrogen Markets
Staff: 65 people
GINER, Inc.
3
Laboratory Hydrogen
Vehicle ApplicationsElectrolyzer Stacks Electrolyzer Systems
Differential Pressure
Balanced Pressure
Anode Feed
Cathode Feed
Vapor Feed
Static Feed
Regenerative(Combined Fuel-Cell
& Electrolyzer)
Electrochemical H2-Compressors
Oxygen Concentrators
On-Site H2Generators
Life Support
4
Giner Electrolyzers
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Giner, Inc. Overview Advancements in Efficiency
New Membranes Coming to Market Performance & Efficiency Lifetime Durability
Cost Reduction Innovative Stack Designs
High Pressure Electrolysis Performance & Validation
Large Scale PEM Electrolyzer Wrap-Up
6
Membrane Supports
Laser-Drilled
Cast
3D Substrates
Chemically Etched
Membrane Development
PFSA ionomer incorporated in an engineering plastic support (2D & 3D) Superior Mechanical Properties No x-y dimensional changes upon wet/dry
or freeze-thaw cycling Stronger Resistance to tear propagation Superior to PTFE based supports, 10x
stronger base properties Membranes optimized for ionomer EW and
thickness Enabling technology for high pressure
applications Role to role process with large commercial
partner underway Commercial viability in 2015/16
R&D funded U.S.
Department of Energy
Giner Dimensionally Stable Membranes (DSMTM):
High-strength, High-efficiency membranes
7Nafion is a registered trademark of E.I. du Pont Nemours and Company
Membrane Efficiency
Demonstrated high efficiency DSM membranes in single-cell and large multi-cell stacks
Cell voltage efficiency up to 90%(HHV),
44.0 to 47 kWhe/kg-H2 @ 1500 mA/cm²
MEAs utilize low-loaded catalyst loadings (reduced by 90%)
Scaled-up Membrane Performance Demonstrated 5,000+ hrs lifetime of scaled-up DSM
membrane at 80C DSM MEA from 5-cell short stack re-assembled into
a single-cell stack, total testing time = 5,430 hours Efficiency: up to 88% (HHV) @ 1500 mA/cm² Scaled-up testing includes low-cost stack components
Membrane Degradation (Estimated Lifetime) F ion Release Rate: 3.7 µg/hr (<10 ppb) DSM -1100EW (Stabilized Ionomer): ~55,000
hours
Membrane Lifetime
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Performance Under Aggressive Conditions Demonstrated high current density (5,000 mA/cm²)
and high pressure (5,000 psig) operation Operated 4-Cell stack at 5,000 mA/cm² for 1,000
hours DSM operated at 10,000 mA/cm² (in continuous 24
hour test)
Membrane Degradation (Estimated Lifetime) Advanced DSM: Improved membrane stability at
high operating current density Low degradation enables longer operation at
higher temperatures Advanced DSM with proprietary additive
mitigates degradation and improves life at high operating current densities
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Membrane Durability
Stack Efficiency Vs. Cost of H2 Production Hydrogen production cost dominated by feedstock
Feedstock is largest $ contributor Efficiency is key to cost competitiveness! Larger benefit for MW Scale
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H2 Production Cost Component Breakdown
Feedstock
H2 Forecourt Station
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Giner, Inc. Overview Advancements in Efficiency
New Membranes Coming to Market Performance & Efficiency Lifetime Durability
Cost Reduction Innovative Stack Designs
High Pressure Electrolysis Performance & Validation
Large Scale PEM Electrolyzer Wrap-Up
Stack Improvements>60% Stack Cost Reduction
Increased active area (2x) Reduced catalyst loadings by 90% Implemented new manufacturing
techniques Molded Thermoplastic
Components Improved Cell-Separators: Lifetime >
60,000 hours Material requirements reduced by
30% Reduced Cathode & Anode
Support Mat’l Alternative low cost materials utilized
Reduced non-repeater costs >50%
Reduced Part Count from 41 to 10 Parts/Cell-50% labor reduction
Commercialized Electrolyzer1st to market with 47 kWh/kgstack @ 1700 mA/cm²Rapid market penetrationProduct sold in 7 CountriesProduct exclusively used inrenewable energy applications Marked
Stack Advancements & Cost Reductions Fluid End Plate
Positive Terminal
Negative Terminal
End Plate
Rep
eatin
g C
ell U
nit
Cell Frame (O2)
Cell SeparatorAnode Support Mat’l
Cathode Support Mat’lCell Frame (H2)
MEA
The repeating cell unit comprises 90% of electrolyzer stack cost
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30 to 90 Nm3/hr
Part Count Required to
Generate 1500 kg-H2/day
Improving Pressure Capabilities of PEM Electrolyzers
Hydrogen at 5,000 psig(350 Bar), Ambient O2Generated
directly in PEM Electrolyzer
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Advantages of High Pressure PEM Electrolysis
Eliminates one or more stages of mechanical compression
Reduces system complexity Lower drying requirements
Low maintenance No moving parts No contaminants
Cross-cutting technology, applicable to Electrochemical Hydrogen Compressors
Permits hydrogen generation at user end-site
DSMTM Enabling Technology
Higher cost BOP components
Innovative system component development required Hydrogen dryers Gas-phase separators Level sensing
Extended durability testing/validation Full optimization studies
Increased back diffusion R&D program initiated to develop
new ionomers with reduced gas permeation
High Pressure Electrolyzer Systems
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FCV Home Refueling
Increasing electrolyzer pressure leads to system simplification, but remaining challenges exist:
Validation at National Renewable Energy Laboratory
System Validated at NREL in June 2012 Nominal operating conditions: 1500 -1900 mA/cm²
High stack voltage efficiency: >87% HHV; Energy efficiency;46.6 kWhe/kg-H2
Stack Efficiencies in line with DOE 2012 Targets Development of low-cost high-efficiency components
Hydrogen drying losses: ~3% (Industry: 10%)
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~87.5% @ 1500 mA/cm²
NREL Report: Milestone 3.7.6 (CPS 52066)
Giner Stack Efficiency
Third Party Validation Giner commercial electrolyzer
stack in-use at Areva Site Operating at multiple sites Customer confirms 2,000
hours at 47 kWhe/kg 1,700 mA/cm²
Electrolyzer Stack Validation
Modular RFC systems with energy storage
from 0.2 to 2MWh
AREVA’s energy storage platform‘GREENERGY BOX’
in Corsica, France Utilizing GES Low-Cost Electrolyzer Stack
1616
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Giner, Inc. Overview Advancements in Efficiency
New Membranes Coming to Market Performance & Efficiency Lifetime Durability
Cost Reduction Innovative Stack Designs
High Pressure Electrolysis Performance & Validation
Large Scale PEM Electrolyzer Wrap-Up
18
Target markets require larger electrolyzer stacks and systems Intermittent Renewable Energy Source
(RES) integration Backup power for grid outages and load
shedding Mobility Power to Gas
Large Scale Electrolysis Led by Market Demand
30-90 Nm3/hr
2-3 Nm3/hr
0.05 Nm3/hr
Next step:>220 Nm3/hr(MW Scale)
Market Drivers U.S. National Defense Authorization Act of
FY2007/FY2010: DoD must produce 25% of total energy
from renewable energy sources by 2025 European Commission1
2020 Strategy: 20% share of renewable energy in EU energy consumption, with a 10% share in transport
2050 Roadmap calls for a 55 - 75% share of RES in gross final energy consumption, 80% reduction in green house emissions1http://ec.europa.eu/energy/energy2020/roadmap/doc/com_2011_8852_en.pdf
Timeline : 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
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Increased system output requires larger stacks to be viable
In-house program initiated to develop MW Scale electrolyzer Large scale stacks previously
designed and manufactured MW stack design leverages work
developed on earlier stacks Reliability, Efficiency, Cost,…
MW Scale PEM Electrolysis
Single Stack220+ Nm3/hr
MW Electrolyzer
Stack
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Giner, Inc. Overview Advancements in Efficiency
New Membranes Coming to Market Performance & Efficiency Lifetime Durability
Cost Reduction Innovative Stack Designs
High Pressure Electrolysis Performance & Validation
Large Scale PEM Electrolyzer Wrap-Up
21
Giner’s capabilities continue to grow to meet new market demands Increase efficiency New membrane development
High pressure electrolysis stacks & systems Mobility and storage
Increased hydrogen output MW scale PEM electrolyzer
Efficiency is Key to Competitiveness Giner commercial PEM Electrolyzers exceed market performance High stack efficiencies and improved durability reduce overall operating
costs
Reduction in Capital Cost achieved by implementing innovate stack designs PEM Electrolysis is a viable technology that is highly cost competitive
in large scale applications
Summary
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Thank You!Director of Engineering
Monjid [email protected]
+1 781 529 0526
Director of Business DevelopmentHector Maza
[email protected]+1 781 529 0589
www.ginerinc.com
Hall 27, D 76/2