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High Medieval Civilization (1000-1350)
• The Revival of Urban Life, Towns, and Commerce (Northern Italy/Flanders)
• Romanesque and Gothic Cathedrals
• Scholasticism and the Birth of Universities (University of Paris, Bologna, Oxford, Salamanca)
• Lay Literature: Epics and Courtly Romances (Marie de France)
Monumental Cathedrals in the High Middle Ages
Romanesque (Eleventh Century)
Gothic (Twelfth Century)
• The Gothic style developed as a result of the application of religion and philosophy to art and architecture.
Medieval Church Architecture
• I. Romanesque Architecture (Speyer Cathedral, 1030-1060s; Pisa 1060-1100)
• II. Gothic Architecture: Intellectual Context of the Twelfth Century
• III. The Material and Social Context
II. Intellectual Context of the Twelfth Century
• 1. Scholasticism– Efforts to apply Logic to Faith/Religion– St. Anselm (1030-1109) provides a proof for
the existence of God: “that than which nothing greater can be conceived”
• Thomas Aquinas (1225-74)– A Dominican Friar– Wrote the Summa Theologica – Five Proofs for the existence of God drew on
Aristotle’s principles of being
Aquinas Five Proofs
• First Mover
• Prime Cause
• Necessary Being
• Greatest Being
• Intelligent Designer
• 2. Neo-Platonism and Celestial Hierarchies, (Pseudo-Dionysius c. 400s)– Abbot Suger c. 1122– Emanation (the radiation of God/the Divine)– The Choir of St. Denis
Elements of Gothic Architecture
• Pointed Arch
• Ribbed Vault
• Flying Buttress
• Walls of Stained Glass Windows
III. Social and Economic Context
• 1. The Cult of Mary and Pilgrimage– Relic of Mary’s tunic from the annunciation
• 2. Guilds and Merchant Guilt– Artisan and Merchant Associations to regulate
production and commerce– “It is easier for a camel to go through the eye of
needle, than for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of Heaven.” Matthew 19:24