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STLE 2019 Annual Meeting & Exhibition
Kumar , Junya Iwasaki, - Idemitsu Lubricants America Corporation
High Performance new mineral and PAG
hybrid turbine oil
1
Hiroki Sekiguchi, Shirakura Yuuhei, - Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd.
Content2
Background
Requirements of modern turbine oils
Mineral turbine oil and PAG turbine oil
Expected benefit of hybrid turbine oil
Development of hybrid turbine oils
Oxidation stability test
Sludge / varnish cleaning test
Extreme pressure and Anti-wear test
Conclusion
Background
Requirements of modern turbine oils
In order to improve thermal efficiency,
current gas turbines must…
Operate at higher temperatures
Provide longer service life
Ensure extended drain interval and superior performance, i.e.,
minimizing varnish/sludge formation
Sludge Varnish
3
Background
High Temperature and Long life Mineral Turbine Oil
having EP Characteristics
Long lifetime over 5 years
Good water separability
Reduced sludge and varnish formation by optimizing
AO and EP additives
New PAG turbine oil that enable easy management and
exchange from mineral oil
Good compatibility with Mineral Turbine Oil
Low sludge and varnish formation
Excellent solubility of sludge and varnish
Good EP Characteristics
4
Expected Benefits of using hybrid oil5
Benefits compared with mineral oil
1. Low sludge and varnish formation2. Can solve precipitated sludge and varnish3. Longer life and extended drain interval4. Superior extreme pressure and anti-wear
performance
Benefits compared with PAG oil
1. Lower cost and almost similar performance2. Better water separation properties
We evaluated hybrid oils in which Mineral Oil was blended with
PAG Turbine Oil.
※Selected PAG Turbine Oil has compatibility with mineral Oil.
Developing Oils6
Mineral oilDeveloping
oil ADeveloping
oil BPG25
MineralTurbine oil
wt% 100 90 50 0
PAG Turbineoil
wt% 0 10 50 100
KV40C mm2/s 31.36 28.09 25.34 23.86
KV100C mm2/s 5.681 5.106 5.283 4.991
VI - 123 112 128 140
D g/cm3 0.8482 0.8581 0.9092 0.9905
Acid number mgKOH/g 0.10 0.16 0.23 0.35
Test Method 1 (Dry-TOST, ASTM D7873)
Catalyst
Turbine oil
Test conditions
Temperature: 120 ℃
Turbine oil: 360 ml, no water
Catalyst: Cu-Fe coil
Oxygen: 3 L/hr
Evaluation Items
Millipore value(Sludge/Varnish)
(mg/Kg)
RPVOT remaining ratio (%)
Oxygen
7
Test Subject:RPVOT remaining ratio(%)
Millipore (mg/100ml)
Dry-TOST (ASTM D7873)8
Developing Oil A and B indicates comparable life to Mineral Oil
RPVOT
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
0 500 1000 1500
RP
VO
T r
esid
ual
rat
io, %
Testing time ,hrs
Mineral oil
Developing Oil A
Developing Oil B
PG25
Test Subject:RPVOT remaining ratio(%)
Millipore (mg/100ml)
Dry-TOST (ASTM D7873)9
Millipore value
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0 500 1000 1500
Mil
lip
ore
val
ue,
mg
/100
ml
Testing time ,hrs
Mineral oil
Developing Oil A
Developing Oil B
PG25
Developing Oil B indicates low sludge and varnish
Upper
limit
A2F pump test JCMAS P04510
・Oil temperature 80℃・Pump pressure 35MPa
・Air 1.0L/h
・Test time 1000h
・Evaluate: Residual ratio of RPVOT,
and Millipore after the time
Piston pump
Air
Cu catalyst
Piston pump
Air
Cu catalyst
<Test image>
Mineral oil
(New oil)
1st
Pump
test
1000h
Drain
out
2nd
Pump
test
1000h
(Degraded oil)
Top up
Oil A, B
or PG25
11A2F pump test JCMAS P045
New oil (A, B or PG25) +
Degraded mineral oil (10wt%)
Test Condition
・Oil temperature 80℃・Pump pressure 35MPa
・Air 1.0L/h
・Test time 1000h
・Evaluate: Residual ratio of RPVOT,
and Millipore after the time
11
・Oil temperature 80℃・Pump pressure 35MPa
・Air 1.0L/h
・Test time 1000h
・Evaluate:RPVOT residual ratio, TAN and
Millipore after the time
Piston pump
Air
Cu catalyst
A2F Pump test (JCMAS P045)12
Developing Oil B and PG25 has long life.
Fig. RPVOT residual ratio
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
RP
VO
T r
esid
ual
rat
io, %
Testing time ,hrs
Developing Oil A Developing Oil B PG25
Piston pump
Air
Cu catalyst
A2F Pump test (JCMAS P045)13
Developing Oil B and PG25 has little sludge and varnish.
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Mil
lip
ore
val
ue,
mg
/100
ml
Testing time ,hrs
Developing Oil A Developing Oil B PG25
Millipore value
・Oil temperature 80℃・Pump pressure 35MPa
・Air 1.0L/h
・Test time 1000h
・Evaluate:RPVOT residual retio, TAN and
Millipore after the time
A2F Pump test (Color change)
Color change of developing oil A is milder than PAG turbine oil.
The change in color of developing oil B and PG25 is due to
solved sludge and varnish.
14
Appearance after 2nd A2F pump test
1h 100h 200h 300h 400h 500h 600h 700h 800h 900h 1000h
Developing oil A
Developing oil B
PG25
Appearance of Oil Cooler after 1st A2F pump test
(Before 2nd A2F pump test)
Developing turbine
oil A
Developing turbine
oil B
15
Developing oil B and PG25 can wash sludge and varnish
Mineral turbine Oil
PAG turbine oil
Appearance of Oil Cooler after 2nd A2F pump test
A2F Pump test (Color change) 15
Extreme pressure, load carrying capacity
Contact 3points
Operation type Sliding
Test ball SUJ2
Rotation 1,800rpm
Test time 10 seconds
Filling room temperature
Top
Road
Turn
Side
Four ball weld test (ASTM D2783)
Mineral turbine oil
Developing oil A
Developing oil B
PG25
LNL,N 392 392 392 314
WL,N 1236 1569 1236 1569
LWI,N 173 176 172 169
Developing oil B has strong EP performance
16
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
PAG turbine oil
Developing oil B
Developing oil A
Mineral turbine oil
Wear diameter, mm
Anti-wear properties
Contact 3points
Operation type Sliding
Test ball SUJ2
Rotation 1,200rpm
Test time 60min
Temperature 75℃
Load 294N
Top
Road
Turn
Side
Four ball wear test (ASTM D4172)
Good
Developing oil B has good anti-wear
properties like PAG turbine oil
17
Load Load stage 1~12 stage
Test time 15min/load stage
Oil supply Oil bath (90℃ start)
Evaluate fail stages
FZG Gear test (DIN 51354)
Extreme pressure and anti-wear performance 18
Good
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
PAG turbine oil
Developping oil B
Mineral turbine oil
fail stage
FZG fail stage
Developing oil B has good anti-wear
properties like PAG turbine oil
Water separabillity (ASTM D1401)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Mineral
turbine oil
Developing
oil A
Developing
oil B
PAG turbine
oil
Wat
er s
epar
atio
n t
ime
,min
.
new degrarated oil
Developing oil B have good water separability
like Mineral turbine oil
19
Conclusion20
Benefits of developing oil B
1. Wash out precipitated sludge and varnish2. Long life and good EP performance 3. Good water separation properties4. Excellent cost performance
By mixing 50% of mineral turbine oil with 50% of PAG turbine oil, the same benefits as developing oil B can be expected.