JWD Group, A division of DMJM Harris 1

Robert Johansen, P.E. – JWD GroupJeannie Beckett – Port of Tacoma

Bryan Tomperi, P.E. – Jacobs Civil

High Volume, High Velocity Intermodal Operations

AAPA Facilities Engineering Seminar – Jacksonville, Fl.January 2006

JWD Group, A division of DMJM Harris 2

Overview

Ove

rvie

w– Industry Trends– Equipment Design Responses– Intermodal Response– Container Yard Operations

• Yard Operating Systems• Yard Transport Equipment• Intermodal Rail Operations

– Port of Tacoma – a Case Study– Systems Approach to IY Design

JWD Group, A division of DMJM Harris 3

Industry Trends

– Larger ships– Larger terminals– Higher throughput volumes– Integrated intermodal facilities– Increased usage of technology– Increased throughput velocities– More environmental implications

• Congestion• Pollution

– Enhanced security measures

Indu

stry

Tre

nds

JWD Group, A division of DMJM Harris 4

Equipment Design Responses

– Bigger & Faster Cranes

– Improved Crane Configurations

– Multi-lift Crane Configurations

– Improved Operating Scenarios

– Use of Automation

Equi

pmen

t Des

ign

Res

pons

es

JWD Group, A division of DMJM Harris 5

Intermodal Response

Increased Throughput and Congestion

Inte

rmod

al R

espo

nse

JWD Group, A division of DMJM Harris 6

Intermodal Response

Inte

rmod

al R

espo

nse– Increased Velocity

– Increased Storage Density

– Increased Reliability

… results inMore Throughput

And BetterCustomer Service

JWD Group, A division of DMJM Harris 7

Intermodal Response

– Upgraded Rail Infrastructure

Inte

rmod

al R

espo

nse

JWD Group, A division of DMJM Harris 8

Intermodal Response

– Dedicated Rail Corridors

Inte

rmod

al R

espo

nse

$3 Billion±to addresscongestionwithin the L.A. Basin

JWD Group, A division of DMJM Harris 9

Intermodal Response

– Dedicated Intermodal Facilities

Inte

rmod

al R

espo

nse

POLATerminal

300

POLATerminal

400

POLBTerminal T

JWD Group, A division of DMJM Harris 10

Intermodal Response

– Grade Separations

– On-dock Intermodal Terminals

Inte

rmod

al R

espo

nse

JWD Group, A division of DMJM Harris 11

Intermodal Response

– Upgraded operating paradigms

– New support equipment

Inte

rmod

al R

espo

nse

JWD Group, A division of DMJM Harris 12

Container Yard Operations

JWD Group, A division of DMJM Harris 13

Container Yard Operations

Yard

Ope

ratio

ns

Straddle Carriers

RTGs

Top-picksASCs

JWD Group, A division of DMJM Harris 14

Wheeled Operation

– Low density

– Good selectivity

– Direct street truck access

Yard

Ope

ratio

ns

– Truck maneuvering aisles

JWD Group, A division of DMJM Harris 15

Top-Handler Operation

– High density

– Poor selectivity

– Adjacent truck access

– Large maneuvering aisle

Yard

Ope

ratio

ns

JWD Group, A division of DMJM Harris 16

RTG Operation

– High density

– Moderate selectivity

– Adjacent truck access

– Hardened runways

Yard

Ope

ratio

ns

JWD Group, A division of DMJM Harris 17

Straddle Carrier Operation

– Low/Moderate density

– Fair selectivity

– Remote truck transfer areas

– S/C maneuvering aisles

Yard

Ope

ratio

ns

JWD Group, A division of DMJM Harris 18

RMG Operation

– High density

– Moderate selectivity

– Adjacent truck access

– Railed runways

– Electric power

Yard

Ope

ratio

ns

JWD Group, A division of DMJM Harris 19

Automated Yard Crane Operation

– High density

– Moderate selectivity

– Remote truck transfers

– Railed runways

– Electric power

– Auto-shuffling

Yard

Ope

ratio

ns

JWD Group, A division of DMJM Harris 20

Yard Chassis

– Coupled transfer

– Flexible travel path

– Low capital cost

- Low maintenance cost

- Transport only

Yard

Ope

ratio

ns

JWD Group, A division of DMJM Harris 21

Multi-Trailer Train

– Coupled transfer

– Inflexible travel direction

– Moderate labor force

– Moderate capital cost

– Moderate maintenance cost

– Transport only Yard

Ope

ratio

ns

JWD Group, A division of DMJM Harris 22

AGVs

– Coupled transfer

– Inflexible travel path

– IT labor force

– High capital cost

– High maintenance cost

– Transport only Yard

Ope

ratio

ns

JWD Group, A division of DMJM Harris 23

Shuttle/Straddle Carrier

– Uncoupled transfer

– Flexible travel direction

– Moderate labor force

– High capital cost

– High maintenance cost

– Transport & stack Yard

Ope

ratio

ns

JWD Group, A division of DMJM Harris 24

Intermodal Rail Operations

JWD Group, A division of DMJM Harris 25

Alternative Loading Schemes/Geometry

Inte

rmod

al R

ail O

pera

tions

Top-pickoperation

RTG/RMGoperation

Straddle Carrier

operation

Nopre-staging

of boxes

Pre-stagingof boxes

on ground

Pre-stagingof boxes

on chassis

JWD Group, A division of DMJM Harris 26

Top-pick/Reach Stacker Operation

– Two track reach maximum

– Wide service aisles

– No pre-staging of boxes

Inte

rmod

al R

ail O

pera

tions

JWD Group, A division of DMJM Harris 27

RTG/RMG Operation

– Multi-track access

– Multi-access aisles

– Pre-staging of boxes

Inte

rmod

al R

ail O

pera

tions

JWD Group, A division of DMJM Harris 28

Large Span RMG Operations

– Multi-track access

– Multi-access aisles

– Pre-staging of boxes

Inte

rmod

al R

ail O

pera

tions

JWD Group, A division of DMJM Harris 29

Straddle Carrier Operation

– Single track access

– Narrow access aisles

– No pre-staging of boxes

– Wider straddle carrier

Inte

rmod

al R

ail O

pera

tions

JWD Group, A division of DMJM Harris 30

A Case StudyIntermodal Development atthe Port of Tacoma

JWD Group, A division of DMJM Harris 31

#1 Goal for the Port of Tacoma

– The Port of Tacoma to be the most efficient and reliable intermodal gateway in North America

Port

of T

acom

a

70%± of the Cargo through the Port of Tacoma is moved by Rail to the mid-west and upper east coast

JWD Group, A division of DMJM Harris 32

Intermodal Growth Strategies

DENSITYVELOCITY RELIABILITY

Port

of T

acom

a

JWD Group, A division of DMJM Harris 33

Growth is Coming from all Directions

Port

of T

acom

a

JWD Group, A division of DMJM Harris 34

Intermodal Lift Projections

N:\hgwdata\annual.prs

90 92 94 96 98 2000 2003 2005 2007 20090

200

400

600

800

1000

1200 Thousands of Lifts

278+37%

+30%

From 1999 - 2004 = 76% growth2004 - 2009 = 106% growth, a compounding growth rate of 16%.

997+5%

490+5%

646+33%

+22%+8%

+12%

Took 13 years to double, now doubling in 4 years or less

?710

1,108

Port

of T

acom

a

JWD Group, A division of DMJM Harris 35

Inland Strategy Development

– Sustainable Business Units that provide both Internal and ExternalCustomers a Seamless Solution to meeting the needs of the marketplace

– Recognizing the different needs of each Business Unit

Port

of T

acom

a

JWD Group, A division of DMJM Harris 36

Current Port Community Model

Barge Operations

Railroads

Trucking Companies

Depots

Rail Terminals

Marine Terminals

Shipping Lines

Port

of T

acom

a

JWD Group, A division of DMJM Harris 37

Proposed Port Community Model

Trucking Companies

Depots

Rail Terminals

Barge Operations

Railroads

Shipping Lines

Marine Terminals

Port

of T

acom

a

JWD Group, A division of DMJM Harris 38

TacomaCommand

Center

Port

of T

acom

a

A joint partnership of Rail Partners responsible for increasing the velocity of the all rail traffic moving off of and onto the Tacoma Tideflats

JWD Group, A division of DMJM Harris 39

Strategic Approaches

– Develop Intermodal Line of Business Strategic Plan

– Continue to develop regional perspective on growth and demand

– Continue to engage the mainlines and understand their plans

– Continue to engage neighbors and enhance relationships

– Complete development of the Business Exchange

– Continue to investigate offsite options

– Investigate a wider range of funding options

– Document POT Processes and look for improvement opportunities

– Proactively manage rail flows to meet terminal productivity goals

Port

of T

acom

a

JWD Group, A division of DMJM Harris 40

Design Solutions for the Future

• Participate in FAST Corridor – 15 Puget Sound Grade Separations Projects with 20 public/private Partners

• Working with the State Port Association to review Statewide Roadand Rail Capacity

• Develop and Update Phased Master Plans• Develop Terminal Conceptual Plans and Budgets• Develop Detailed Designs to meet Client Goals/Needs Po

rt o

f Tac

oma

JWD Group, A division of DMJM Harris 41

Density - 2004 Land Use

Port

of T

acom

a

JWD Group, A division of DMJM Harris 42

Density - 2020 Land Use

Port

of T

acom

a

HylebosPeninsula

JWD Group, A division of DMJM Harris 43

Density - Phased Planning for the Future

DRAFT, WORK IN PROGRESS – CONCEPTUAL ONLY

Expanding the rail infrastructure

Planning gradeSeparations nowto meet future rail expansionrequirements

East Blair #1

Port

of T

acom

a

DRAFT, WORK IN PROGRESS – CONCEPTUAL ONLY

Phasing in IYcapabilities

when neededExpanding

terminal facilitiesas needed

JWD Group, A division of DMJM Harris 44

Density - Phased Planning for the Future

Port

of T

acom

a

JWD Group, A division of DMJM Harris 45

Reliability - Creating Solutions

Adding Redundancy & Increasing Capacity

Bullfrog Junction Chilcote

Junction

Port

of T

acom

a

JWD Group, A division of DMJM Harris 46

Systems Approach to Planning & Design

JWD Group, A division of DMJM Harris 47

Systems Approach to Planning & Design

– Approaching the terminal as a complete system

– Aware of the characteristics ofeach element within the system

– Understanding the dynamics between these elements

– Focused on Client goals/needs

– Determining the best mix

Syst

ems

App

roac

h

JWD Group, A division of DMJM Harris 48

Dealing with the Terminal as a System

Syst

ems

App

roac

h

JWD Group, A division of DMJM Harris 49

Velocity – Analyzing Different Systems

398±sec

650±sec

650±sec

563±sec

250±sec

350±sec

– Uncoupled handoffsoptimize machinevelocities

Syst

ems

App

roac

h

JWD Group, A division of DMJM Harris 50

Velocity – Emerging Technologies

– Implications of multi-box handling

Syst

ems

App

roac

h

JWD Group, A division of DMJM Harris 51

Velocity – New Security Requirements

– Integrating new federal security requirements

– Minimizing impacts to on-going operations

RPMPortals

JWD Group, A division of DMJM Harris 52

Analysis and Simulation Modeling

– Spread Sheet Modeling

– Discrete Event Modeling

Syst

ems

App

roac

h

JWD Group, A division of DMJM Harris 53

Systems Approach to Planning & Design

– Focused on Client goals/needs

– Professional knowledge ofcontainer handling systems

– Data substantiated by analysis and simulation modeling

– Refinement through iterative plan development

Syst

ems

App

roac

h

…. results in Improved Intermodal Operations, Increased Productivity, and Enhanced Reliability

JWD Group, A division of DMJM Harris 54

Thank you for your attention!