Highlights of NuFact02Highlights of NuFact02Bruno Autin, CERNBruno Autin, CERN

OutlineOutline

• Introduction

• Particle production

• Transverse and longitudinal collection

• Cooling

• beams

• Conclusions

• Four working groups:(1)

Machine - B.Autin (CERN), R.Fernow (BNL), S.Machida (KEK)

(2) Neutrino oscillations - D.Harris (FNAL), S.King (Soton), O.Yasuda (TMU)

(3) Non-oscillation - A.Kataev (Moscow), S.Kumano neutrino physics (SAGA), K.McFarland (Rochester)

(4) Non-neutrino science - K.Jungmann (KVI), J-M.Poutissou (TRIUMF), K.Yoshimura (KEK)

• 49 Plenary talks, 106 parallel talks

• ~85 hours of talks!

Banquet in Flight Gallery, Science Museum with

• Lord Sainsbury – Minister of Science

• Sir Richard Sykes – Rector of IC

• Prof Ian Halliday – CEO PPARC

General TrendsGeneral Trends

• Cost reduction

• Reliability

• Robustness

• Upgradability

Proton DriversProton Drivers

•2.2 to 50 GeV

• Some multiple purpose: PP + other areas

• Superbeams, -beams, F

• 1-4 MW

• a few ns bunch length

SPLSPL

SPL

Wyss

30 GeV synchrotron30 GeV synchrotron

CostsCostsPDAC RCS

MCHF MCHFSPL 350 Linac 110

Accumulator 63 Booster RCS 88Compressor 50 Driver 233TOTAL 463 TOTAL 431

Schönauer

SPL: driver for a conventional superbeam to Frejusdriver for -beamsR&D already started with CEA

RCS: replacement for PS

JHF AcceleratorsJHF Accelerators

Mori

Others…..

Rees

Machine Power Proton/Pulse Repetition Rate Protons/SSC year Current AGS 0.17 MW 6 1013 0.625 Hz 3.75 1020

AGS Proton Driver 1 MW 1 1014 2.5 Hz 2.5 1021

Japan Hadron Facility 0.77 MW 3.3 1014 0.29 Hz 9.6 1020

Super AGS Prot Driver 4 MW 2 1014 5.0 Hz 1.0 1022

• ISIS upgrade:

New ring, R=78m; ISIS R=26m

3 GeV at 50Hz – 1MW neutron spallation source

8 GeV at 50/3 Hz – 1MW R&D for a Neutrino Factory

Same RF, modified magnet P/S for 8 GeV

Possibility of developing to 4MW

Particle ProductionParticle Production

The Hadron Production Experiment

2-15 GeV, East Hall, CERN

Ellis

Main Injector Particle Production Experiment

5-120 GeV, FNAL, 2002-2004

Raja

Proposed rotating tantalum target ring

TargetryTargetry

Flying

• Liquid mercury jet

• Rotating solid target

Stationary

• Graphite

• Invar or super-invar

• Tantalum beads

Densham

Sievers

Liquid Hg Tests at BNLLiquid Hg Tests at BNL

• Proton power 16kW in 100ns

• Spot size 3.2 x 1.6 mm

• Hg jet - 1cm diameter; 3m/s

Kirk

0.0ms 0.5ms 1.2ms 1.4ms 2.0ms 3.0ms

Dispersal velocity ~10m/s, delay ~40s

Liquid Hg TestsLiquid Hg TestsTests with a 20T magnet at Grenoble.

B = 0T

1cm

Mercury jet (v=15 m/s)

B = 18T

Fabich/Lettry

Jet deflection Reduction in velocity

Pion Capture: SolenoidsPion Capture: Solenoids

Kirk

20T 1.25T

Pion Capture: HornPion Capture: Horn

Gilardoni

Inner conductor

Under mechanical and thermal tests

Phase RotationPhase RotationStudy 2

Many ideas:

• Induction linac

• Drift and bunching

• Phase rotation in an FFAG

• Bunch to bucket at 88MHz

• Magnetic compression in AG chicane

• Weak focussing FFAG chicane

Neuffer

Sato

Hanke

Pasternak

Rees/Harold

Phase RotationPhase Rotation

Neuffer

Neuffer

beam Drift Buncher

Rotator

Cooler

Overview of transport

Drift (80m) Buncher (60m) 380230 MHz, V 6.5 (z/L)

MV/m E Rotator(30m) 230220 MHz, V = 10

MV/m Cooler (100m) ~220 MHz

Longitudinal MotionLongitudinal Motion

Drift Bunch

E rotate Cool

Cost SavingsCost Savings

High Frequency -E Rotation replaces Study 2: Decay length (20m, 5M$) Induction Linacs + minicool (350m, 320M$) Buncher (50m, 70M$)

Replaces with: Drift (100m) Buncher (60m) Rf Rotator (10m)

Rf cost =30M$; magnet cost =40M$ Conv. Fac. 10M$ Misc. 10M$ ……

Back of the envelope:

400M$ 100M$

Muon Front End ChicaneMuon Front End Chicane Muon Front Ends Decay Region .2 GeV

44 MHz Rotation .2 GeV

44 MHz Cooling .2 GeV

44 MHz Accel’n .28 GeV

88 MHz Cooling & Acceleration .4 GeV 286.0 m

Decay Region .19 GeV

88 MHz Rotation .19 GeV

88 Mhz Acceleration .4 GeV 132.7 m

Decay Region .19 GeV

Reverse Rotation .19 GeV

88 MHz Acceleration .4 GeV 128.0 m

Pion-muon decay channel

88 MHz muon linac

Rees/Harold

Chicane magnetChicane magnet

CoolingCooling

MuCool• 800 MHz cavities + solenoid: MV/m + dark current

• Pill box cavities

• 200 MHz cavities (LBNL; CERN and Cornell)

• LH2 absorbers

• Test area under construction at Fermilab (Lab G)

Pill box cavityPill box cavityD. LiD. Li

Development of 805 MHz Pillbox cavity High shunt impedance and high acceleration gradient at order of

30 MV/m Z0 = 38 M/m Allow for testing of Be windows with different thickness, coatings

and as well as other windows Study RF cavity operation issues under the influence of strong

magnetic fields in solenoid and gradient modes

The cavity: design and status The 805 MHz pillbox cavity design should allow for testing of

different windows demountable windows to cover the beam irises (five Be windows, four Cu windows: two of them with Ti coatings on one side)

Pill box cavityPill box cavityThe cavity was fabricated at University of Mississippi, brazed at Alpha Braze Comp.

Preliminary cavity design with water cooling channels and tuningmechanism. The cavity design accommodates either Be windows or a grid design.

201 MHz cavity201 MHz cavity

AG coolingAG coolingC. Johnstone, H. SchonauerC. Johnstone, H. Schonauer

Muons (180MeV/c to 245MeV/c) Magnetic Quadrupoles (k=2.88) Liquid H Absorber: -dE/dx = -12MeV/35cm Cavities: Energy gain +12MeV/Cell to compensate the

loss in the absorber

K. Makino Emittance Exchange Workshop at LBNL, October 3-19, 2001

4m Cell

Full simulationFull simulation

K. Makino Emittance Exchange Workshop at LBNL, October 3-19, 2001

Ring CoolersRing Coolers• Main change: Rings!

Balbekov

Motivation: shorterlongitudinal

cooling

Cline/Garren

AG Ring RFOFO

Palmer

RF windows

Heat in absorber

Injection kicker

Palmer

Merit = 6 x trans.

MICEMICE

• Collaboration of 40 institutes from Europe, Japan, US

• LOI recently reviewed by international panel at RAL

• Enthusiastically supported MICE

• Asked for a proposal by end 2002

• Construction: 2002-2004

• First beam: 2004/5

Edgecock

RecirculatingLinearAcc.RecirculatingLinearAcc.

• Other possibilities……Bogacz

FFAGFFAG

krB ~

• Expected to be cost effective

• p150-450 MeV/c

• L = 4.5 eV.s

• T = 3 cm

• 0.3 /p

Johnstone/Machida/Mori/Neuffer

VRCSVRCS• Fastest existing RCS: ISIS at 50Hz 20 ms

• Proposal: accelerate in 58s 4.3 kHz

• Do it 15 times a second• For 2 20 GeV , 20 180 GeV, 180 1600 GeV:

• Ring – 350m circumference

• RF – 200 MHz, 15 MV/m, possibly s/c

• Magnets – 100 laminations of thick grain oriented Si steel

• Eddy current losses: 45MW 24kW

• Skin depth: 94 microns

•Power supplies: 115 kV x 81 kA

•Copper heating: 600 + 800W

Summers

-Beams-Beams

ISOL Target and ECR

Linac Cyclotron Storage Ring

PS SPS Decay ring/Buncher

SPLLindroos/Wenander/Zucchelli

ebar source

6He

T½=0.81 s

Elab = 580 MeV

E/nucleon = 130 GeV

5 x 1013/s

e source

18Ne

T½=1.67 s

Elab = 930 MeV

E/nucleon = 130 GeV

1012/s

• Single flavour

• Known intensity & energy spectrum

• Focussed

• Low energy

• Space charge problems

• Complementary to superbeams: CP and T violations

•Analyzed for CERN accelerators only

• R&D for ion sources

• Space charge problems

• Hadronic pollution

Huber

90% CL

JHF-HK = 4MW, 1000kT; 6 years , 2 years

NuFact-II = 5.3 x1020 useful /yr, 50kT; 4 years

Zucchelli

SB+BB = 400kT; Nufact = 2x40kT

(M. Mezzetto, NNN02)

Comments……Comments……• Neutrino Factory is still the best

• We must continue with the R&D!

• Resources are scarce:Cannot do everything Must build complementary programmebased on physics

• Degeneracy: Better SB + large (water) detector thantwo NF detectors – SN, proton decay, etc

• Weighing difference proposals will be painful

• Delicate balance:keep growingprevent fragmentation

Harris/Mezzetto

Mezzetto

Harris

ConclusionsConclusions• NuFact’02: very enjoyable and well organised

• Nice location (despite the weather)

• Good attendance

• Lots of new ideas

• NF is still the ultimate LBL neutrino oscillation facility

• Very important R&D continues

• Need a complementary oscillation programme

• NuFact’03……..

ConclusionsConclusions

NuFact 03

5th International Workshop on Neutrino

Factories & Superbeams

Columbia University New York

5 – 11 June 2003