Rapport från Uppsala universitet

ReportGeneral

• The research and educational platform, SAINT (Swedish Academic Initiative in Nuclear Technology) were founded during spring by Chalmers and UU.

• A new agreement with Vattenfall regarding contract education.

• The Bachelors programme in nuclear technology (KKI) was put on idle. The new initiative from Vattenfall will prompt a restart of the programme.

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Encapsulation and final storage (Peter Jansson)

Encapsulation and final storage (Peter Jansson)

• In collaboration with SKB, research into characterization of spent nuclear fuel for the needs of encapsulation and deep geological storage is performed since several years.

• Industry funded PhD student Martin Bengtsson is performing research to refine methods to determine decay heat of spent nuclear fuel.

• Currently, a program for European Joint Programming in the context of geological disposal is being proposed as an outcome of the EC funded JOPRAD project. Peter Jansson is coordinating the working group/project for spent fuel characterization in this process. The SPIRE project that was presented at an earlier SKC's symposium is the foundation of this.

• SKB, being the Programme Owner of geological disposal activities iSweden, will appoint UU as Mandated Actor and Beneficiary in the European Joint Programme on radioactive waste management and disposal.

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ICE-Water (Erki Metsanurk, Mattias Klintenberg)

Previously:Design of the sample holding and loading cell

Since then:• Irradiation tests at the Tandem accelerator• Damage estimation and SRIM energy conservation issues• Water chemistry measurement feasibility analysis• Analysis of local heating around the sample due to the high

current density (FEM, simple experiments)• Fast valves for the protection of the Tandem beamline• Work towards redesign of the cell due to the friction between

the pull rod and the pull rod seal and also due to the aforementioned heating issue

• Repair of the back-pressure regulator

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Modelling and use of Cherenkov light with the DCVD for nuclear safeguards (Erik Branger, Sophie Grape)

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Modelling and use of Cherenkov light with the DCVD for nuclear safeguards (Erik Branger, Sophie Grape)

• Develop a prediction model for the Cherenkov light production in a nuclear fuel assembly.

• Quantify the effect of various simplifications on the prediction model

• Develop a prediction model for the cross-talk due to closely stored fuel assemblies.

• Validate the prediction model and cross-talk model with measured data.

• Developing simulation software to simulate DCVD measurements

This PhD project is approaching the end with a planned dissertation early summer 2018.

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Multivariate analysis for nuclear safeguards (Zsolt Elter )Postdoc project

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Multivariate analysis for nuclear safeguards (Zsolt Elter )

Postdoc project. The first dedicated project on the use of multivariate analysis techniques for nuclear safeguards purposes. The purpose is to investigate the possibilities and limitations with the use of multivariate analysis techniques applied to gamma-ray spectroscopy measurements of nuclear material from e.g. spent nuclear fuel or dissolved nuclear fuel in the Gen IV context.

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Multivariate analysis for nuclear safeguards using neutrons (Li Caldeira Balkeståhl)

Postdoc project. Within the Next Generation Safeguards Initiative Spent Fuel (NGSI-SF) project, several new non-destructive assay techniques have been developed. Some of them aim to verify initial enrichment (IE), burnup (BU) and cooling time (CT) of spent fuel assemblies (SFA) and to detect missing or replaced pins from SFA. One of the techniques studied is the differential die-away self-interrogation (DDSI), which is a passive neutron coincidence technique. A prototype detector for DDSI detector has been built in Los Alamos National Laboratory and tested on fresh fuel, and measurements on spent fuel are planned for the end of this year at CLAB.The postdoc project aims at developing multivariate analysis techniques and applying them to, among others, the data from the DDSI detector.

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Nuclear astrophysics

Nuclear reactorsAPPLICATIONS

NO universal, coherent fission model

Fission Discovered >75 years ago, but still ...

• Complicated many‐body problem 

• Many observables to describe/explain 

FISSION DATA NEEDED(Especially correlation measurements)

Development of model codes

• Aim to provide high quality data on Independent Fission Yields:• Thermal and fast neutron spectra• Different targets (natU, 232Th, 238U, 235U, XXXPu, …?)• For reactor applications and for transmutation of nuclear waste.

• Neutron source developed (A. Mattera, EPJ A, 53:173, 2017)

• First results from neutron induced fission yields (A. Mattera, EPJ A, submitted)

• Isomeric fission yields measured in proton induced fission of 232Th and natU(V. Rakopoulos, in manuscript)

• PhD defense later this week (A. Mattera, Studying neutron-induced fission at IGISOL-4)

• Supported by SSM and SKB and the European Commission through the CHANDA project.

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Fission yields

TMC FUEL and AGING (Petter Helgesson, Henrik Sjöstrand)

• The work with Ni-59 evaluation was completed (accepted in JEFF3.3.-T4 and in Nuclear Data sheets.)

• Methods to improve Prompt Fission Neutron Spectrum (PFNS) were tested and presented at 16th International Symposium of Reactor Dosimetry (ISRD16).

• A method for Levenberg Marquardt method with a prior have been developed and implemented to improve fission yield determination (submitted to RSI).

• Gaussian Processes in the realm of improving nuclear data and defect models was developed and tested (will be presented at IAEA CRP on DPA in 2017 Q4).

• Improvement in efficiency for calculation of nuclear data correlations were presented at CW2017.

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Nuclear safeguards for a Gen IV nuclear energy system (Matilda Åberg Lindell, Sophie Grape)

This PhD project is approaching its end, with the emphasis now being on the application of multivariate analysis techniques to discriminate between UOX and MOX fuel in the reception area of an imagined recycling facility. The research has lately focused on:

• Developed a method for discrimination between irradiated PWR fuel of UO2 and MOX type.

• The method is based on gamma-ray spectroscopy data and multivariate analysis methods.

• Trained and evaluated several classifiers using gamma-ray emission data from Monte Carlo simulations.

• Applied multivariate regression models to simulated gamma-ray emission data to determine fuel parameters (BU, CT, IE).

• Currently using experimental data to evaluate regression models.

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Fuel Diagnostics (Peter Andersson)

Activities during 2017:Development of a quantitative reconstruction tool for Gamma Emission Tomography, UPPRECLOCA transient testsLeaker rod identification

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Amorphous alloys for the nuclear industry(Maciej Kaplan)

New amorphous alloy system• Zr-Nb-Cr-Mo• Combinatorial sputtering synthesis

Aachen collaboration• Scaling up manufacturing process (industrial sputter chamber)• Analysis methods

Evaluation methodsThermal stability• Calorimetric measurements• In-situ GIXRD• CALPHAD (Empirical tool)

CALculation of PHAse DiagramsMelting points, precipitating phases, thermodynamic quantities

Corrosion & Mechanical characteristics• Mapping as a function of composition

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Amorphous alloys for the nuclear industry(Maciej Kaplan)

PhD project: A new system was chosen for evaluation with a few main criteria: Low neutron absorption. No metalloid elements. Close to neutral (= 0) enthalpy of mixing among constituent elements.The hypothesis for the two latter criteria is a low thermodynamic driving force for crystallisation, which in turn could enhance thermal stability of the amorphous alloys. Samples have been manufactured via combinatorial sputtering, structure confirmed with (GI)XRD.

A collaboration with RWTH in Aachen started at the late summer/early autumn. This enables the possibility of using an industrial sputtering chamber and a scanning differential calorimeter (DSC). The latter of which enables standardised and accurate measurements of thermal stability of an amorphous alloy.

In situ GIXRD will also be performed at Ångström Laboratory, as soon as a few technical issues are solved.

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Amorphous alloys for the nuclear industry(Maciej Kaplan)

CALPHAD has been introduced to the project, it is an empirical modelling tool which has shown promise in evaluation of amorphous alloys (or metallic glasses) with respect to thermal stability. It enables calculations of precipitating phases, melting points and other thermodynamic quantities.

Corrosion and mechanical properties will be evaluated in collaboration with Chemistry and Materials Science (Ångström).

As samples are manufactured combinatorically, every property listed above will be mapped as a function of composition.

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NESSA (NEutron Source in uppSAla)- a facility under development

Envisaged parameterso Neutron energy: 14 MeVo Neutron yield: controllable in the range 109 ‐ 1011 n/so Usable neutron flux: up to 109 n/cm2/so User‐friendly, easy‐to‐use

Motivationso Education in neutron physics, detection techniques, nuclear physics, radiation physics, radiation protection…o Detector developmento Neutron radiography & tomographyo Material testing and analysis

Update on the project statuso Initial project team: recruitedo Market study: completedo Design of the RP/interlock system: ongoingo The process for obtaining the permit: initiatedo Procurement of the neutron generator (NG): 

planned for the end of 2017

The NESSA bunker (heavy concrete)

Education

• The Master Programme in Energy Systems Engineering, (Civilingenjörsprogrammet i energisystem, ES),

• The Bachelor Programme in Physics, (Kandidatprogram i fysik).

• The Bachelor Programme in Nuclear Engineering (Högskoleingenjörsprogrammet i kärnkraftsteknik)

Henrik Sjöstrand, Matthias Weiszflog and Michael Österlund, respectively, are appointed as coordinators for the three educational programmes.Cecilia Gustavsson has been appointed director of undergraduate studies at the Department of physics and astronomy, We are happy to report that Cecilia has been awarded the distinction of “Excellent teacher” by the Faculty of Science and Engineering

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Education (Finished or ongoing student work)

Masters theses

Two theses finished

Bachelors theses

Six theses finished, one ongoing

Bachelors theses Högskoleingenjörsprogrammet

Five finished theses

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Education

Masters theses

Anna Franzén, "R3/4 knippesböjning: Evaluation of Fuel Assembly Bow Penalty Peaking Factors for Ringhals 3 - Based on a Cycle Specific Core Water Gap Distribution"

Mattias Åkerman, "Förbättrade effektmarginaler med radiellanrikningsfördelning för PWR-bränsle"

Bachelors theses

My Löfberg, "Visualisering av värmestrålning med hjälp avvärmekamera"

Sophie Thorell, "Att med värmekamerans hjälp se det osynliga"

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Education

Bachelors theses

Emilie Dul, "Monte Carlo simulation of the spatial response function of a SPECT measurement device for nuclear fuel bundles"

Dany Gabro, "Virtual Studies of Nuclear Fission: A comparison of n- and p- induced fission using GEF"

Gjertrud Langaas, "Measurements of radioactivity in plant and soil samples taken near a nuclear power plant"

Carl Eriksson, "Osäkerhetsanalys av PSA-resultat -Metodutveckling och parameterinventering för osäkerhetsanalysav PSA-resultat gällande härdskadefrekvens"

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Education

Carl Utterström, "Characterization and verification of a Safecast dosimeter“

Bachelors theses Högskoleingenjörsprogrammet

Filip Aldahan, Joakim Svensson Grape, "Beräkning av kostnader för lågaktiv kärnavfallshantering"

Thaer Waleed Hamad, Angelica Westlin, "Gapanalys mellan ISO 14001:2015 och OKGs verksamhetssystem“

Sara Pedersen, "Instruktionsuppdatering av ASI 1970 på Forsmark 1 "

Adam Bruce, Fredrik Höök, "Design av provutrustning: för analys av bestrålningsinducerad spänningskorrosion"

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Education

Olof Eriksson, Victor Eriksson, "Metod för framställning av layouter till Forsmarks Kraftgrupp AB:s övervakningssystem"

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Contract Education

NANSS (Nordic Academy for Nuclear Safety and Security) continues to function as the contact point between industry and Uppsala University. Please consult www.nanss.uu.se for further information and admissions. Courses given:

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Course Credits / duration

Reaktorteknologi (H1) 12 hpTillämpad reaktorfysik 5 hpFördjupad strålskyddsutbildning (FS1) 6 hpAktivitetsmätning med Ge-detektorer 1 wVärme- och strömningslära(operatörsutbildning FKA, RAB)

1 w

Reaktorfysik (operatörsutbildning, RAB) 1,5 wReaktorfysik för operatörer och skiftchefer (RAB)

4 d

Development of Education and Teaching

• UU is one of about 25 organizations participating in an EU project, ANNETTE. The objective of the project is to develop courses for a training programme for professionals in the European nuclear businesses. The project is coordinated by ENEN (the European Nuclear Education Network), and runs during 2016-2019. UU participates in two work packages concerned with development of courses within Nuclear Safeguards and Human aspects of Nuclear Safety. The courses are developed in collaboration with ESARDA and IFE, Halden, respectively

• With support from SKC, together with Chalmers we develop on-line nuclear energy education aimed at engineering students on the undergraduate level. The objective is primarily to interest engineering students for the various nuclear engineering programmes at Swedish universities and for enrolling a future career within the Swedish nuclear sector

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