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Histology
Anatomy 10A
Tissues are sectioned in three ways:
Longitudinal section
Transverse, cross-section
Oblique
Category 1: epithelia
• Surface and lining layer(s)
• Characterized by cells close together
• Characterized by no blood vessels
• Described by the number of layers • One, or more than one
• Described by the shape• Flat, square or rectangular
Simple epithelium= 1 layer
Basementmembrane
Stratified epithelium = more than one layer
Types of epithelium based on shape
Squamous = flat
Cuboidal = square
Columnar = rectangular
Simple squamous epithelium
Each cell is like a floor tile- thin and flat, placed very close to the next tile.
3D view 2-D view
Simple cuboidal epithelium
3-D view 2-D view
Each cell is shaped like an ice cube with the nucleus in the center.
Simple columnar epithelium (with microvilli, non-ciliated)
Each cell is tall, rectangular-shaped. Nuclei are organized in rows.
3-D
2-D view
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelia
3-D
22-D view
Cells are many sizes; tallest are ciliated. Nuclei are disorganized, staggered.
Simple colunmar epithelium (with microvilli)
Transitional epithelia
3-D
2-D view
Cells transition in shape from cubes to columns to rounded pillow-like cells.
Stratified squamous epithelia
Cells flattenas they go tothe surface
Stratified squamous epithelia
Epithelia review, compare and contrast
Category 2: connective tissue
• Characterized by scattered cells
• Protein (fibers or globular) in the matrix outside cells
• Matrix can be liquid, semi-solid, or solid
• Found under epithelial layers, never on a surface
Areolar (loose) connective tissue
Adipose
Dense regular (Fibrous) connective tissue
Blood
Hyaline cartilage
Hyaline cartilage
Elastic cartilage
Fibrocartilage
Bone
Category 3: muscles
• Contract
• Found in three places:– Heart (cardiac)– Hollow organs (smooth)– Attached to the skeleton (skeletal)
Skeletal muscle
Skeletal (voluntary) muscle
Cardiac muscle
Smooth muscle
Category 4
Nervous tissue:
Neuron
Neuroglia
Nervous tissue
