Justin McCormickBMD 415Fall 2010

Histology Photo Atlas

Table of Contents• Epithelial Tissue (3-5)• Connective Tissue (6-8)• Nervous Tissue (9-11)• Muscle Tissue (12-14)• Cardiovascular System (15-17)• Blood (18-20)• Immune System (21-23)• Digestive System (24-26)• Liver and Gallbladder (27-29)• Other Organs Associated with GI (30-32)• Respiratory System (33-35)• Renal System (36-38)• Endocrine (39-41)• Male Reproductive (42-44)• Female Reporductive (45-47)• Eye (48-50)• Ear (51-52)

2

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

3

Stratified squamous epithelium lining the esophagus

Nonkeratinized

10X

Underlying Connective Tissue

ToC

Pseudostratified Epithelium

4

Visible basement membrane

Goblet cells

20X

Lamina Propria

Cilia in lumen of trachea

ToC

Transitional Epithelium

5

Binucleate cells

Transitional Epithelium of Urinary Bladder

Dome cells signifying relaxed bladder

ToC

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue

6

Nuclei of fibroblasts

Collagen fibers

Elastic fibers

ToC

Dense connective tissue contains thicker and more densely packed collagen fibers, with fewer cell types and less ground substance. Dense connective tissue is present in the dermis of the skin, in capsules of different organs, and in areas that need strong support.

Bone

7

Volkmann’s canal

Haversion canal

Lamellae

Lacunae

10X

Osteon

Proliferatingchondrocytes

Hypertrophiedchondrocytes

10X

New calcified matrix

ToC

Adipose Tissue

8

ToC

1.25X

Fat Droplet

Nuclei: Squashed by fat droplet

Scalp with hair follicles and adipose tissue.

10X

The cytoplasm of adipocytes is filled with a lipid droplet that is lost during preparation causing the cells to appear empty.

Cerebellum

9

ToC

1.25X

Molecular Layer- sparse neuronal cell bodies

Granular Layer- small densely packed neurons

Gra

nula

r Lay

er

Mol

ecul

ar L

ayerPurkinje Cell

Sensory Ganglion

10

ToC

1.25X

10X

Capsule

Satelite Cells

Central Round Nuclei

Heterogeneous Cell Size

20X

5X

Peripheral Nerve

11

ToC

Nerve Fasicles

1.25X

Perineurium

Myelinated Axons

Skeletal Muscle

12

Peripheral Nuclei: Characteristic of skeletal muscleA band: overlapping

thick and thin filaments

I band: Light band w/ only thin filaments

ToC

40X

Skeletal muscle fibers contain striations and peripheral nuclei

Cardiac Muscle

20X

20X13

Centrally located nuclei

IntercalatedDisks

Cardiac muscle branch point

ToC

Cardiac muscle contains striations, centrally located nuclei, branches, and intercalated disks

Smooth Muscle

14

1.25X

Smooth muscle in wall of jejunum

Mononucleated, Spindle-shaped cells

40X

ToC

Smooth muscle is nonstriated, spindle shaped cells with central nuclei. Smooth muscle is predominantly found in the linings of hollow organs and blood vessels

20X

Arteries

15

ToC

1.25X

Inner Elastic Lamina

Endothelium

Tunica Media

Outer Elastic Lamina

Adventitia

MediumArtery

20X

Veins

16

ToC

Endothelium

Sm. Muscle

Nuclei of Adipocyte

Lum

en

5X

SmallVein

Arteriole

17

ToC

40X

1.25X

Endothelium

Sm. Muscle

T. Adventitia

Arteriole

Granulocytes

18

Neutrophil:

• Neutral staining granules

• Multilobed nucleus

Eosinophil:

• Acidophilic granules

• Bilobed nucleus

Basophil:

• Basophilic granules

1.

2.

3.

ToC

Agranulocytes

19

Monocyte:

• Kidney Shaped Nucleus

• ~2-2.5X Diameter of Erythrocyte

Lymphocyte:

• Large Nucleus

• Thin ring of cytoplasm

1.

2.

Platelets

ToC

Peripheral Smear

20

Platelets Neutrophil Lymphocyte Monocyte

ToC

Lymph Node

21

Corte

x

Med

ulla

Lymphoid Nodule

Medullary SinusMedullary Cords

ToC

Responsible for filtering the lymph that enters through many afferent lymph vessels and leaves through the efferent lymph vessel

Infant Thymus

22

MedullaCorte

x

Thymic Corpuscle

Trabeculae

CortexMedulla

ToC

Most active during childhood, and functions as the site of maturation of T cells

Spleen

23

Red Pulp

White PulpCentral arteriole

1.25X

Trabeculae

White Pulp

ToC

Duodenum

24

Submucosal Brunner’s Glands

Mucosa

SubmucosaMuscularis

.63X

10X

Dense CT:Irregular collagenfibers

Mucus SecretingBrunner’s Glands

10X Smooth Muscle: oriented in two directions

Nerve Plexus

ToC

5X

Ileum

25

ToC

.31X

Mucosa: Simple Columnar

Submucosa

Muscularis

Lymphoid Nodule

Germinal Center

5X

Lymphatic nodules called Peyer’s patches originate in the lamina propria and extend into the submucosa

Stomach

26

ToC

1.25X

Gastric Pits

Gastric Glands

Muscularis Mucosa

Submucosa

Muscularis Externa5X

Liver

27

ToC

5X

Central Vein

Binucleate Hepatocytes

Hepatic Sinusoid

Endothelium

20X

20X

Portal Triad

28

ToC

Portal Vein

Hepatic Artery

Bile Duct

Portal Triad

5X

Limiting plate

Gallbladder

29

ToC

Simple ColumnarEpithelium

False Duct

Dense Irregular ConnectiveTissue

Gallbladder is responsible for storing, concentrating, and releasing bile into the digestive tract following meals

Blood Vessel in Lamina Propria

Tongue

30

Filliform Papillae

Lamina Propria

Fungiform Papillae

1.25X20X

Taste Bud

Taste Pore

Foliate Papillae

Lamina Propria

ToC

Salivary Glands

31

Purely Serous

Blood Capillary

Striated Duct

Parotid Gland 20XBasal Nuclei

Sublingual Gland 20X

Mucus Acinus

Serous Demilune

Submandibular Gland 20X

Serous Mostly

ToC

Pancreas

32

ToC

Exocrine Pancreas

Endocrine Pancreas

1.25X

Islet of Langerhan- composed of many cell types. Alpha cells secrete glucagon during periods of fasting, Beta cells secrete insulin after meals.

10X

Exocrine Pancreas secretes numerous digestive enzymes in response to CCK. Secretin stimulates the exocrine pancreas to release bicarbonate ions which functions to nuetralize the acidic pH of chyme entering the duodenum.

33

ToC

.31X

Seromucous Glands

Respiratory Epithelium

Lymphoid Nodule

Germinal Center

Larynx

False Vocal Cord

Stratified Squamous

Vocalis Muscle

5x

True Vocal Cord

5X

Trachea

34

ToC

Hyaline Cartilage

Trachealis Muscle

Basement Membrane

Pseudostratified Epithelium

Goblet Cell

20X

40X

Lung

35

ToC

Alveoli

Alveolar Duct

Respiratory Bronchiole

Clara Cells: take the place of goblet cells in the terminal bronchioles. Secrete surfactant to help lower surface tension

Alveolar Capillaries

Type I Pneumocyte: Form the simple squamous epithelium of the alveoli. Basement membrane is fused with the basement membranes of the alveolar capillaries forming the respiratory membrane.Type II Pneumocyte: Contain lamellar bodies which give rise to surfactant that provide an extracellular coating that lowers surface tension.

Type I Pneumocyte

Renal Cortex

36

ToC

Renal Cortex

.31X

Distaltubule

Glomerulus

Macula densa

Proximal tubule

Loop of Henle

37

ToC

.31X

Medulla

20X

Thin Loop of Henle

Collecting tubules/ducts

• The Loop of Henle produce hypertonic urine by creating an osmotic gradient in the cortex of the medulla.

• Vasa Recta surrounding the Loop of Henle help to maintain osmotic gradient by absorbing the water that is secreted from the Loop of Henle.

Renal Medulla

38

ToC

.31X

Medulla

Collecting Duct

Thick Limb Loop of Henle

20X

The collecting duct functions in the concentration of urine. Responsive to ADH, the collecting duct contains membrane pores that allow water to be secreted from the tubular fluid to the surrounding vasa recta in order to retain water.

Hypophysis

39

ToC

1.25X

Pars Nervosa

Pars Distalis

Acidophils-

Basophils-

Produce somatropin and prolactin

Produce ACTH, TSH, FSH, and LH

20X

Herring Body- Accumulations of Neruosecretory material at the end of the axon terminals in the pars nervosa.

Thyroid

40

ToC

.63X

Thyroid follicles

1.25X

Parafollicular- Cells

Follicles with Colloid

10X Follicular cells-Responsible for production of thyroid hormones as controlled by TSH

Synthesize and secrete calcitonin to lower blood calcium levels by reducing number of osteoclasts

Adrenal Gland

41

ToC

.63X Zona Glomerulosa- produce and secrete aldosterone

Zona Fasiculata- produce and secrete cortisol as stimulated by ACTH

Zona Reticularis- produce androgens that maintain secondary sexual characteristics in females, but are relatively negligible in males

Adrenal Medulla

Chromaffin Cells- responsible for producing catecholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine (fight or flight response)

20X

10X

Seminiferous Tubules

42

ToC

Sertoli Cells-• Produce Androgen Binding Protein• Form Blood-Testes Barrier• Prominent Nucleoli

Spermatogonia-• Stem cell• Located along basal lamina

Primary Spermatocyte-• Condensed Chromosomes• Crossing over occurs

Spermatids-• Phase before final maturation

(spermiogenesis)

Leydig Cells-• Produce androgens driven by LH

20X

Epididymus &Vas Deferens

43

ToC

Epididymus-• Tall Columnar Epithelium• Stereocilia• Secrete GPC (make sperm

plasma membrane rigid• Surrounded by smooth muscle

to propel sperm• Drain to…

20X

Vas Deferens-• Pseudostratified

Columnar Epithelium• Sparse Stereocilia• 3 layers of smooth

muscle oriented:• Longitudinally• Circularly• Longitudnally

1.25X20X

Prostate Gland

44

ToC

1.25X

Prostate Gland-• Typically simple cuboidal to

columnar epithelium• Produces alkaline secretion to

neutralize acidic pH of female reproductive tract

• pH change activates motility of the sperm

Prostatic Concretions- Form in older individuals when the secretory material precipitates

40X

Accessory Gland along with seminal vessicles and bulbourethral gland

Ovary & Ovarian Follicles

45

ToC

Ovarian Follicles in

cortex

.63XPrimordial Follicle-

40X

Primary Follicle-

40X

Develops into

Secondary Follicle-

Develops into

20X

• Located just beneath Tunica Albuginea

• Surrounded by squamous follicluar cells

• Granulosa cells surround primary oocyte

• Corona radiata- single layer of granulosa cells surrounding primary oocyte

• Zona pelucida- noncellular glycoprotein layer between the corona radiata and primary oocyte

• Granulosa cells remain at the periphery of the follicle

• Corona radiata remains with the primary oocyte

• Forms the antrum

40X

Fallopian Tubes

46

ToC

5X

Lumen

Mucosal folds

Internal circular smooth muscle

Outer longitudnal smooth muscle

Peg cells: nonciliated cells that produce and secrete nutritive fluid which covers the epithelium

Ciliated cells: sweep toward uterus

Fallopian Tubes: Site of Fertilization

10X

.31X

Vagina

47

ToC

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Lamina Propria, typically with abundant lymphocytes and blood vessels, but no glands.

• The vagina consists of three layers: mucosa, muscularis, and adventitia.

• In contrast to the esophagus, the lamina propria of the vagina does not contain glands.

40X

Crista Ampullaris

48

ToC

.63X Crista Ampullaris is part of the vestibular system that is responsible for detecting and monitoring angular velocity

10X

Cupola: distinguished from macula due to the absence of otoliths

Hair Cells

Supporting Cells

Macula

49

ToC

.63X

10X

Otolithic Membrane

Macula responds to head orientation, gravity, and linear acceleration

Otolithic membrane

Hair Cells

Support Cells

40X

20X

Cochlea

50

ToC

1.25X

Tectorial Membrane

Outer Hair Cells: type II w/o kinocilia. Located at the end of the tectorial membrane.

Basilar Membrane

Scala Media: containing endolymph

Stria Vascularis: produces endolymph for the entire inner ear by removing ions from the capillaries running through the epithelium (similar to the choroid plexus in the brain).

Capillary

20X

End

olym

ph

20X

.31X

Eye

51

ToC

CorneaPupil

Limbus: corneal/sclera junction

Lens

Optic Disc: site of optic nerve exit

Ciliary Process: surface epithelium is a double layer of pigmented and nonpigmented cuboidal cells. The nonpigmented layer is the basal surface and thus the inner layer. The pigmented layer is the

outer layer. There is no true basal lamina.

Pigmented outer layer

Nonpigmented inner layer

.31X

40X

Retina

52

ToC

CorneaPupil

Limbus: corneal/sclera junction

Lens

Optic Disc: site of optic nerve exit

Ganglionic Layer

Bipolar Cell Layer

Nuclei of Rods and ConesPigmented Epithelium: absrobs stray light that misses the photoreceptor cells

Inner Choroid Layer

ChoroidOuter Choroid Layer

Sclera