HISTORIAN INTERPRETS PAST EVENTS & THEIR CAUSES. ARCHAEOLOGIST EXAMINES ARTIFACTS OF A SPECIFIC GROUP OF PEOPLE

HISTORIAN

INTERPRETS PAST EVENTS & THEIR CAUSES

ARCHAEOLOGIST

EXAMINES ARTIFACTS OF A SPECIFIC GROUP OF PEOPLE

ARTIFACTS

THINGS LEFT BEHIND BY A SPECIFIC GROUP OF PEOPLE

THEORY

an idea (why? how?) based on evidence

ex: land bridge theory

Following animals for food

Why did the 1st people migrate across the land bridge?

Primary source

1st hand source of info;eye witness account,diary, autobiography

most reliable!most reliable!

Secondary Source

• 2nd hand information

• Not as reliable as 1st hand information

• Textbook, biography

ASIA

The 1st Americans most likely traveled to the Americas from here.

BERING STRAIT

This body of water now covers the ‘land bridge’ that once linked North America & Asia

migrate

movement of people or animals from one place to another

environment

surroundings•adaptation to the environment affects culture‘where man lives …’

Eastern Woodlands

To what group did the Iroquois & Algonquians belong?

(not the confederacy!)

Each used materials in their environments

What explains this difference?

• Iroquois lived in longhouses

• Cheyenne lived in hide covered teepees.

colder

When early man first migrated to North America, the temperature was probably _______

than it is now.

culture

total way of life

diverse

different

well-organized & advanced

In what way were Mayas, Aztecs & Incas similar (hint: they built temples, had technology, math, language, social classes)

Iroquois Confederacy

the union of 5 native nations in the Northern NY area.

REPRESENTATIVE

The Iroquois Confederacy is an example of a

____________________

Government.

EXTENDED FAMILY

The Iroquois lived with their _______ _______ in longhouses because group cooperation was necessary.

waterways

What geographical feature was veryvery important to the Native American way of life?

ORAL TRADITION

Native Americans & African Americans often passed their cultures on through _____________

____________________

EASTERN WOODLANDS

Iroquois & Algonquian tribes were part of the ________ ________

Indians.

European diseases

The Native American population declined dramatically in less than 20 years after Columbus’ arrival due to…

Improvements in navigation & shipbuildingEuropeans were able to

begin exploring for new trade routes in the 1400s due to

b) North & South America

During the 1400s, most Europeans traveled to

a)Europe & Africa

b)North & South America

Magellan

The 1st explorer to sail around (circumnavigate) the globe was

New France

New Spain, New France, or New Netherlands?

• Located along the St. Lawrence & Mississippi Rivers

Christopher Columbus

credited with discovering America while looking for a new trade route to the Indies

BARTOLOME DE LAS CASAS

I suggested bringing Africans to the new world because they were better suited for the hard work in the Spanish colonies.

colony

Group of people who move to a new land but are still ruled by their mother country

b) were governed by mother countriesAll the colonies in the Americas

were similar because they:a) believed in religious toleranceb) were governed by mother

countries

New Netherlands


• New York, Pennsylvania

triangular trade

trade route between, the West Indies, New England & Africa

•“Molasses to rum to slaves”

mercantilism colonies exist for the benefit of mother country.

•Increase wealth & power by exporting more than importing

New Spain


• South & Central America, Mexico

Jamestown

Jamestown OR Plymouth?

• House of Burgesses

southern

New England, Middle, or Southern?Our economy was based on the sale of cash crops such as rice & indigo.

New England

New England, Middle, or Southern?

Puritans settled here.

Plymouth


• Mayflower Compact

New England


• We depended mostly on shipbuilding & fishing.

Plymouth


• Subsistence farm, trade, fish

Middle


• We had the most diverse population.

PLYMOUTH


• Town Meetings

• democratic

Middle


• We were known as the ‘Breadbasket’ colonies.

Plymouth?


• Started for religious freedom

New England


• “molasses to rum to slaves”

False – only England

True / False: Under the policy of

mercantilism, American colonies were permitted to sell raw materials to any country they wanted.

Jamestown


• Started for economic gain

House of Burgesses

Representative government of Jamestown.

Southern


Characterized by 2 distinct ways of life: tidewater & backcountry

loyalist

Colonist who supported the king

patriot

colonist who supported independence from Great Britain

BOSTON TEA PARTY

The Intolerable Acts were punishment for this colonial protest:

BRITISH

British or Colonist?

• Powerful foe

• Well trained military

No representation in Parliment

Why did many colonists want their independence from England?

Boycott British goods

Which was an economic method of protest used by colonists:

a) Committee of correspondence

b) Boycott British goods

SARATOGA

Major turning point in the American Revolution because it convinced France to ally with the U.S.

BOSTON MASSACRE

Propaganda about this event stirred up anti-British feelings throughout the colonies.

Give reasons colonies wanted to separate from England

1 purpose of the Declaration of Independence was:

a) Set a plan for government

b) Give reasons colonies wanted to separate from England

Capture NY & divide the colonies

British strategy for winning the American Revolution

COLONIST

British or Colonist?

• Determination

• Home field advantage

Benjamin Franklin

WHO AM I?

• I am a delegate from PA, a well known & respected statesman

Proclamation of 1763

This event angered colonists who sought land in the Ohio River Valley

Latin American people rebel against Spain

1 major effect of the American Revolution on other colonies in the Western Hemisphere was

From the consent of the people governed

According to the Declaration of Independence, where does government get its power?

John Hancock

WHO AM I?

• I am the president of the Continental Congress

YORKTOWN

British surrendered in this last battle of the Revolution.

Richard Henry Lee

WHO AM I?• I am the delegate from

VA who proposed the resolution for independence.

boycott

Economic method of protesting British taxes

Thomas Jefferson

WHO AM I?• I am the young VA

delegate who wrote the Declaration of Independence.

democracy

•all people have equal say, rights

•power is held by the citizens

Articles of Confederation

The government under the __________ failed because it did not have enough power to be effective.

constitution

plan for organizing government

No 1 branch would get too powerful

Separation of powers & checks & balances were created to make sure

________________

ELECTORAL COLLEGE

The President is not elected by popular vote, but rather by the ________ _________

CONCURRENT

Powers shared by both the state & federal governments are known as ___________ powers.

compromises

When writing the Constitution, delegates settled disagreements through a series of

checks & balances

each branch of the government can check or control actions of the other branches

DELEGATED

Powers given to the Federal government are called ___________

Powers. (declare war)

separation of powers

powers of the government are divided among separate branches

RESERVED POWERS

Powers given to the states are called __________

Powers. (local gov’t)

Counting slaves in population for representation

What issue was settled by the 3/5ths Compromise during the Constitutional Convention?

Representation in Congress

What issue was settled by the Great Compromise during the Constitutional Convention?

Bill of Rights• 1st ten amendments to the Constitution

•Guarantees rights & liberties, or personal freedoms

BI-CAMERAL

The Great Compromise created a ____________, or a 2-house legislature.

amendment

•process by which changes are made to the constitution

Concurrent powers

Powers shared by state & central governments (ex: taxation) are known as

legislative

•Makes laws•Bicameral house

executive

• carries out laws•President•Vice president•cabinet

VETO

The president can ______ or reject a bill proposed by Congress.

Amendment Process

How does the Constitution change with the times?

judicial

• interprets laws•determines constitutionality

•Supreme court

Override

Even though the President can veto a law, Congress has the power to

___________________ it.

governor

• The President is the chief executive of the US.

• The chief executive of a state is called the ___________________

House of Representatives

The New York State Assembly is most like the ___________________ of the US government.

Based on population

How is the number of electoral votes a state gets determined?

a) Avoid strong alliances

In his Farewell Address, George Washington advised the US to

a) Avoid strong alliances

b) Form strong alliances

Political parties

Citizens had differing views on important issues, which led to the development of _____

JUDICIAL REVIEW

This is the power of the Supreme Court to decide acts of Congress unconstitutional:

________ __________

tariff

•Tax on imported goods (protective)

•Encouraged people to buy American-made goods

Monroe Doctrine

Foreign policy warning Europe not to interfere with Latin American countries

Political Parties

In addition to urging the nation to remain neutral in foreign affairs, Washington also advised to the U.S. to avoid forming ______ ______

Manifest destiny

•Belief that the US had the right & duty to expand to the Pacific Ocean

frontier

•western lands•economic opportunity

sectionalism

•Loyalty to one’s section of the country.

nationalism

Loyalty to ones country

political

•having to do with government

social

•Having to do with people & culture

economic

•Having to do with commerce, trade, financial

Marbury v. Madison

gave the Supreme Court the power to declare acts of Congress unconstitutional

•Judicial Review

Lake Erie & Hudson River

What 2 bodies of water did the Erie Canal link?

Made trade faster & cheaper

2 advantages of The Erie Canal for trade (commerce) were:

George Washington

•General of the Continental Army

• 1st pres. of the U.S.•urged country to remain neutral

John Adams–Obnoxious & disliked–Defended British soldiers involved in Boston massacre

–2nd president of the US

Thomas Jefferson

•Wrote Declaration of Independence

•Bought Louisiana territory

Native Americans & slavery

2 major problems the nation faced in westward expansion were:

1. ________________2. ________________

Richard Henry Lee

•Representative from VA who proposed the resolution for independence to Congress

John Hancock•President of the 2nd Continental Congress

•1st to sign the Declaration of Independence

Benjamin Franklin

•Well known & respected statesman

•I invented many things

Andrew Jackson

•Responsible for closing National Bank

•Opponents thought he was too powerful

Kunta Kinte

•Slave brought to America in triangular trade

•Toby – slave name

Kizzy

•Toby’s daughter•Chicken George’s mother

Chicken George

•son of Kizzy & Tom Moore (slave owner)

•Dad to Tom Moore •1st to gain freedom

Tom Moore

•Chicken George’s son

Alex Haley

• Author of ROOTS & ancestor of Kunta Kinte

• Heard stories of family’s roots through storytelling

Documents

HISTORIAN INTERPRETS PAST EVENTS & THEIR CAUSES. ARCHAEOLOGIST EXAMINES ARTIFACTS OF A SPECIFIC GROUP OF PEOPLE