Historical Context:The Crusades and Colonialism

Or, how the Arabs came to resent the West!

February 1, 2000History of Civilization

Mr. Geib

Why the Crusades Began

Crusades from 1096 to 1270. Pope Urban II starts them. Christians wanted to help the

Byzantine Empire keep land safe from the Seljuk Turks.

To free the Holy Land from the Muslim infidels in order to make it safe for Christian pilgrims.

Europeans who fought in the Crusades were called “Crusaders.”

Pope calls Christians to invade Middle East.

The First Crusade Crusaders travel to and

conquer Nicaea, the Seljuk capital.

Crusaders established states in ME, small communities like feudal kingdoms in Europe.

In 1099, the crusaders reached Jerusalem and killed all the Muslims and Jews that lived there.

The Crusaders made Jerusalem a capital of a crusader state.

The Crusaders built large castles which kept their land safe from Muslim armies.

The Third Crusade During the Second Crusade,

the leader of the Muslim forces named Saladin, recaptures Jerusalem.

Pope Gregory VIII began the Third Crusade, which was called the “Crusade of Kings.”

Saladin vs. King Richard. Five year treaty signed. Europeans depart Middle East

and Crusades end. King Richard the

“Lionhearted”

“Entry of the Crusaders into Constantinople on 12 April 1204”

by Eugene Delacroix

Byzantium

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The Result of the Crusades:

Arabs see “West” invading and interfering in their lands, causing death and hardship.

Arabs see western power and ways as a threat to them economically and culturally.

Arabs believe the honor, culture and religion suffers when they are influenced by Western ways.

The unity between the Arabs is caused by distrust, hostility, and hatred towards the west.

All Arabs hate the memory of the Crusades.

Muslims’ Suspicion and Resentment Towards

the West as a Result of the Crusades

Napoleon & France

In 1798, Napoleon occupied Cairo.

Modernized Egypt. Tries to introduce

technology, but Egyptians resent Western advancement.

The French are forced to surrender.

His three year attempt left a major psychological affect .

World War I British take over Egypt in 1882. Egypt became a Protectorate of the British Empire. Lawrence of Arabia convinces Arabs to revolt

against the Ottomans. Europe makes borders for Middle East after WWI. In 1922 the Protectorate ended and Egypt became

an independent state. The British still controlled government institutions and the Suez Canal. Arabs resentful of outsiders.

Arabs Revolt Against Ottomans

Versailles Peace Conference

Zionism

Zionism and Theodor Herzel

Zionists and British government.

Immigration to Palestine. Rebellion against the

British Balfour Declaration over

ruled. Nation of Israel

proclaimed in 1947.

                                                                                         

                   State of Israel Founded

THE END!