Histórico da Variabilidade e Mudança Climática da TerraHistórico da Variabilidade e Mudança Climática da Terra

What is the Relationship between Climate Change and Weather??What is the Relationship between Climate Change and Weather??

* Caço (MACaço (MA--Brasil)Brasil)

9797--119797--33

B13 Core collected during the MPI cruse (April 2005)B13 Core collected during the MPI cruse (April 2005)

Rein et al., 2005

-20.6ess

-1

-1.5

VPD

B)

0.40.50 6

r thi

ckn

m)

0

-0.5

δ18 O

(V

0 10.20.3

ual l

ayer

(mm

9 9 2 9 4 9 6 9 8 10 10 2

0.50

0.1

Ann

u9 9.2 9.4 9.6 9.8 10 10.2

Age (kyr B.P.)

Registros de alta resolução temporal

Fleitmann et al., 2003, Science

g

Datação U/Thδ18O =(18O/16O)sample – 18O/16O)VPD

Datação U/Th

s p(18O/16O)VPDB

δ13C =(13C/12C)amostra – 13C/12C)VPDB(18O/16O)VPDB

Taxa de crescimentoTaxa de crescimento

Elementos traços: çMg, Sr, Ba, U, P

Fonte: Decifrando a terra/Teixeira et al. 2000

860

840

820

Inso

Último Período GlacialEstalagmite Bt2 Botuverá-SC

900

880

860 lation Feb960

940

920

b. 30S (W

/23 ky-2

-1980

960

m2)23 ky

-3

δ18O

-5

-4

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120Age (ky B.P.) Cruz et al., Nature, 2005

Leduc et al.,Nature. 2007

-38

-36

-42

-40

NG

RIP δ

0-44

-42

δ18O

Heinrich events-1

-46

Frio Hemisfério Norte Heinrich events

-3

-2

Bt2

δ18

O

5

-4 Intensificação d õ d ã50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130

-5

Age (ky B.P.) das monções de verão

Cruz et al., QSR, 2006

SC

Venezuela

RN

Cruz et al., Nature Geoscience, 2009

Cruz et al., Nature Geoscience, 2009

Simulações através do ECHAN-4

Cruz et al., Nature Geoscience, 2009

0Lake level

+-

Lagoa do Boqueirão

Lake level (m)

Lagoa do Caço

Lake level (m)

Lagoa do Acuelo

0

1000

2000 (3). Haug et al., 2001B3000

4000

5000

(4). Sifeddine et al., en préparation1 2 3 4 5

(5). Lac BoqueirãoA6000

7000

ENSO event/century 8000

Age Cal BP

ENSO event/century Ti (%)

(2). Moy et al., 2002

(1) J t l 2002(1). Jenny et al., 2002

Sifeddine et al., PPP. Submitted

IPCC 2007

Peruvian continental margin characteristicsPeruvian continental margin characteristics Sediments Sediments without bioturbationwithout bioturbation

0°

* Lima

30°

N

60°90°120°60°

W longitude6090120

0 20 40 60 80 100 120Chlorophyll a 0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Dissolved oxygen (% saturation)100 m depth

Chlorophyll-aconcentration

(mg m-3)

0 50 100 150 200 250 300600

650

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000

Al (peak area) Fe (peak area)

LIA650

700

750

800

850

900

MCA (1100-1200 AD)

950

1000

1050

1100

1150

1200

1250

1300 Age Cal yrs BP13000 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 0 1000 2000 3000 4000

Ca (peak area)Ti (peak area)

g y

PC1PC1 Intense Intense

ProductivityProductivityTerrigenous inputTerrigenous input

Projection of the variables on the factor-plane ( 1 x 2)

-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6800

900

PC1PC1Terrigenous inputTerrigenous inputHumid conditionsHumid conditions

1 cm

j p ( )

0,5

1,0 1000

1100 MCAMCA

Al

CA

FeTi

0,0

acto

r 2 :

17,4

5%

1200

1300

1400

Mo

Cd

Ti TOC

-0,5

Fa

1500

1600

-1,0 -0,5 0,0 0,5 1,0

Factor 1 : 59,36%

-1,01700

1800

1900ProductivityProductivityR d C ditiR d C diti 1900

2000

2100

Redox ConditionsRedox Conditions

2200

Sifeddine et al., Progress In Oceanography. Submitted

LIALIA

MCA

Wet

-2.5

-3.0

-3.5

rdes

te

LIALIA NE Brasil

-1.0

-1.5

-2.0

δ18O

FN1

Nor

MCAMCA

DDW

-8.2

-8.4600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000

-0.5DryDry

-7.8

-8.0

δ18O

China

China

-5.0

-4.5

-4.0

Dr

zil

-7.6DryDry

-6.5

-6.0

-5.5

δ18O

Sout

hern

Bra

z

600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000-7.5

-7.0

Years A.D

SE Brasil

PIGPIG

PIGPIGPIGPIG

Wet

-2.5

-3.0

-3.5

rdes

te

LIALIA NE Brasil

-1.0

-1.5

-2.0

δ18O

FN1

Nor

MCAMCA

W

-8.2

-8.4600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000

-0.5DryDry

-7.8

-8.0

δ18O

China

China

-4.5

-4.0

Dr

-7.6DryDry

-6.0

-5.5

-5.0

Sout

hern

Bra

zil

600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000-7.5

-7.0

-6.5

δ18O

S

SE Brasil

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