History and Debates S15

7/21/2019 History and Debates S15

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GLOBALIZATION

History & Debates

Next Class: Travels of a T-Shirt


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Globaliatio!De"!itio!s

Dicken (geographer): Globalization is the umbrella term for the complex set oftransformative processes and outcomes that dialectically, and relationally, interactwith places and people

!riedman (columnist): Globalization is the inexorable integration of markets, nation"states, and technologies to a degree never witnessed before #t is an internationalsystem

$obertson (sociologist): Globalization is a process by which we come to experience, orbecome aware of, the world as a single place

%c&amee (venture capitalist): Globalization is the environment in which we live 'eve

got one world Get used to it %ake the most of it

teger (political scientist): Globalization refers to a multidimensional set of socialprocesses that create, multiply, stretch, and intensify worldwide socialinterdependencies and exchanges*

tiglitz (economist): Globalization is the removal of barriers to free trade and the closerintegration of national economies

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Co#$ari!% Ter#s

Internationalization: one nation in relation to othernations

Globalization: a global process across many nations

Transnationalization: simultaneity and instantaneityresulting from blurring and crossing nationalboundaries, eg immigrant communities such as

+hinatown

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History

Globalization is a process " or perhaps a proect "rather than a static model !orces that have

hastened the integration of people acrosscultures and societies include:

-rade (.uropean .xpansion, the ilk $oad)

$eligion (+hristianity, /uddhism, #slam)

.xplorers (%arco 0olo spread knowledge aboutdifferent lands around the globe)

.mpires (1ings and governments dominateddistant territories through political control)

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The Sil 'oa(

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Colo!ialis#

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History

-oday2s globalization is a direct descendant ofcolonization and imperialism that began with thegeographic expansion of .uropeans in the 34thcentury

%ercantilism become the dominant economic logic forcolonization in the 35thand 36thcenturies

7 nations prosperity depends on the amount of capital itaccumulates -hus, national policies should encourage trademonopolies, discourage imports, and ustify ac8uisition of

colonies

#mperialism, the need to dominate and control forpower and prestige, replaced mercantilism as theprevailing ideology during the 39thand ;thcenturies

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Colo!ial Le%a)y

-he maority of todays nation"states were once colonies #tremains a 8uestion to what extent the less developedstatus of some of these nations is the effect of colonization

0ositive effects: physical assets (roads, dams etc),lasting legal and administrative institutions

&egative effects: traumatic psychological impact,continuing territorial disputes, weak local leadership,lagging"behind education and economic development,and so on

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The Great DebateA *lat +orl( vs, The Clash of Civiliatio!s

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The Start of a 'evoltio!

I am convinced that the genesis of this newat-world [gloali!ation" will e rememered in

time as one of the most im#ortant t$rning#oints in the histor% of man&ind ' one no lesssigni(cant than the invention of the #rinting#ress or electricit%) *omeone had to e alivewhen it ha##ened ' and it ha##ens to e %o$

and me)

Friedman, T. 2005. The World is Flat, New York: Farrar Straus,and Giroux. p.2

+,


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The Shrinking Globe

1500 -1840 1850 - 1930 1950s 1960s

Best average speed ofhorse-dran !oa!hes

and sailing ships" 10

#ph$

Stea# lo!o#otives

average 65 #ph$Stea#ships average

36 #ph$

%ropeller

air!raft

300 - 400

#ph$

&et

passenger

air!raft"

500 - '00

#ph$


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*rie(#a!.s

*latte!ers/ .erlin /all

0etsca#e

/or&ow *oftware

1#loading

$tso$rcing

-shoring

*$##l% hains

Inso$rcing

Informing

he *teroids /ii

I

ile *haring

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Globaliatio! 0,1

Glo!ali"ation #.0: #$2%#&00

ilitar% force drove gloal integration

Glo!ali"ation 2.0: #&00%2000

:interr$#ted % the ;reat


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0 Billio! Ne2 Ca$italists

;loali!ation +), and 2), driven #rimaril% % ?$ro#eans

and 0orth @mericans) ;loali!ation 3), driven % non-

/esternersA

0 billio! !e2 )a$italists

/illing to wor& for m$ch lower wages

Increased n$mers of college grad$ates

echnolog% allows new connections to gloal

mar&et#lace

0 billio! !e2 )o!s#ers

;rowing im#ortance of international $siness>es#eciall% in emerging mar&ets

0ew so$rce of talent> innovation and low-cost so$rcing+4


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3obs at 'is of Bei!% 4Tra(e(/

@t ris& +4)3 million in man$fact$ring 3)2 million in information services

+6)7 #rofessional and $siness services *ome of the +,)6 million in (nancial services> wholesale trade>

trans#ortation and $tilities

0ot at ris& 7)6 million in constr$ction and mining

22 million in local> state> and federal government aBorit% of +5)6 million in retail trade aBorit% of +7)3 million in ed$cation and health :eCce#t someBos s$ch as la testing=

+2)3 million in leis$re and hos#italit%

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A Clash of Civiliatio!s

The +orl( is Not *lat


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raditional so$rces of state conict receding

erritor%>

?conomic ene(ts

Ideolog%

olitics of identit(re#lacing #olitics of interest

ain com#eting gro$#s no longer states>classes or ideologies $t civili!ations

*evere limits to interde#endence

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Sa#el H!ti!%to!5s Ar%#e!t


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Dargest entit% with which #erson can identif%short of h$manit%

val$es>lang$age> andEor religion

aBor civili!ations

hinese> Fa#anese> Gind$> /estern> *lavic-

rthodoC> Islam Datin @merica and @frica candidatesH for

civili!ation

+8

+hat is a Civiliatio!6


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0o longer de(ned % /estern in$ence onother civili!ations

/est declining economic slowdown> #o#$lation decline> internal

deca%> loss of identit%

*inic and Islamic civili!ations ascending

?conomic s$ccess of @sia


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ivili!ation identities not o$r onl% identities

0ation states will not disa##ear

ivili!ations not coherent or conict-free .$t dierences among civili!ations real

ivili!ation-conscio$sness growing

ivili!ation conict will e dominant gloal form of

conict

aBor aCis of relations etween /est and estH

0o $niversal civili!ation #ossile

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S##ary of Ar%#e!t


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h$man rights> immigration> others

2+

+hy Civiliatio!s +ill Clash


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1nclear how to disting$ish civili!ations

verstates /estJs decline

?Caggerates IslamJs militanc% aBor conicts within civili!ations

?conomic coo#eration across civili!ations


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ne Garmonio$s /orld

ri$m#h of lieral democrac%> end of maBor#ower warfare> interde#endence and #eace

wo /orldsA 1s and hem

0orth-*o$thK ?ast-/estK ich-oor

+84 *tates ' he ealist iew

*tate s%stem dominates gloal relations

*heer haos

La#lanJs oming @narch%

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Other 8ost-Col( +ar 9ie2s


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The Great DebateA *lat +orl( vs, The Clash of Civiliatio!s

riedmanJs thesis :and man% gloali!ationscenarios= de#ict an inevitale movement towardgloal integration f$eled % economic incentives

and new technologies)

G$ntingtonJs thesis de#icts alternative forces forlocali!ationthat will s#awn clashes etweencivili!ations along c$lt$ral fa$lt lines) hese forces

incl$deA $lt$re> omm$nit%> 0ationalism> *ec$rit%)

Gow will the forces of gloali!ation and locali!ationinteract in sha#ing the f$t$re of the worldM

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Se#i-Globaliatio!

ension etween gloali!ation and locali!ation

*emi-gloali!ation means that oth forces of

gloali!ation and locali!ation are ta&ing #laceat the same time

his tension is the f$ndamental so$rce of

$ncertaint% in the world> as we are neithercom#letel% gloali!ed nor com#letel% locali!ed

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Globaliatio! ;eyDebates

1. Meaning: 0rocess vs 0roect

2. Interpretation: &ew .ra vs +ontinuance

3. Evaluation: Good vs /ad

4. Explanation:

Documents

History and Debates S15