(History) Chapters 5

7/27/2019 (History) Chapters 5

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Chapter 5 – Under Imperial Spain

• During renaissance, a change happened – opening of the world of SHIPPING

• 2 Iberian superpowers: Spain and Portugal

• Initially made by Portuguese (southeastern route), secondly followed by the

Spaniards (southwestern)

I. EAST MEETS WESTo Making food or palatable triggered the search for spices

o Fernand Braudel commented that almost everything depended on it

o Merchants became wealthier and became important to the society

o There was a dynamic interaction of cultures

II. THE LUSITANIAN-HISPANIC RIVALRY IN MARITIMEo Henry “The Navigator” established first navigation school at Sagres

pointo Portuguese dreamed of reaching east by all-water route

o Spaniards like Christopher Columbus’ voyage misapprehended a

dispute between Portugeuse and Spaniardso Pope Alexander VI mediated and made the Inter-caetera and Eximiae

Devotioniso Spain was given more rights (West)

o Portuguese (East route)

o Treaty of Tordesillas – veritable gain to Portuguese, divided non-

Christian world into 2 (370 leagues)

III. THE MAGELLAN EXPEDITIONo Ferdinand Magellan – a Portuguese serving the Spanish royaltyo His suggestion of reaching the Maluku (Spice Islands) was rejected by

his king in Portugalo Ruy Faleiro urged him to ally with Spain

o He convince Spanish King, Charles V with his plan and sailed directly to

Malukuo At the same expedition, he discovered Philippines

o He was killed because of his intervention in Lapu-Lapu and Zula’s

disputeo Victoria was the name of his voyage

IV. MALUKU AND THE PHILIPPINESo 3 Spanish Expeditions succeeded Magellan’s: SAAVEDRA, VILLALOBOS,

and LEGAZPIo Legazpi’s was most successful

o Zihuatanejo – Saavedra’s voyage

o The Spaniards of the voyage reported hat Mindanao was rich in

resources like gold and women were beautiful and fair-skinnedo Saavedra never returned to Mexico



V. TREATY OF ZARAGOZAo King Charles V ceded his right of the Maluku to John III of Portugal for

350,000 ducatso A line of demarcation was drawn at 297 leagues

VI. VILLALOBOS EXPEDITIONo 6 ships, 370 men

o First corn plant in Philippine soil

o They were at Sarangani where food available is limited

o Forced to leave, Villalobos surrendered to Portuguese at Maluklu

o The contribution of the expedition as naming the country

o Las Phelipinas (after Philip II) by BERNARDO de la TORRE

VII. LEGAZPI-URDANETAo 4 ships, 350 men

o Reached Cebu and made blood compact with Katunaw and Galao Made Cebu the first Spanish town in the Archipelago

o Urdaneta Passage- by Andres de Urdaneta contributed by this voyage

to the future route of Manila-Acapulco trade

VIII. THE MAKING OF SPANISH “INDIO”o Miguel Lopez de legazpi was granted by King Philipp II the title of

“Adelantado de Filipinas”o It was the bloodless conquest of Philippines

o Filipino society was split up and divided into many barangay units

therefore making it impossible to put up an effective armed resistancethe prepared conquistadores

o There was a pacification of Indios

IX. POLITICAL INSTITUTIONSo The Philippines had been a Captaincy0General administered by the

Spanish kingo National level: Manila, INTRAMUROS where King, Consejo de las Indias,

gobernador y capitan-general

Gobernador-general was commander-in-chief of army and navy andpresident of Supreme Court (Real Audiencia); source of civil power

o Provincial Level, alcaldia (previously encomienda)

Alcalde mayor (provincial governor)Corregimientos – unpacified military zones

o Ayuntamiento or CITY GIOVERNMENT was later formed

X. THE RESIDENCIA



o Residencia became the judicial review of residenciado (1 judged) and

was conducted through publicly though a juez de residencia

o Visita was conducted by a visitador-general from Spain

XI. THE FILIPINO BUREAUCRATSo On Municipal level, was the supervision of a gobernadorcillo

o To be in position you must be a 25 year old mestizo had been a cabeza

de barangay for 4 yearso He is to prepare pardon (tribute list), communal public work , quinto

(military conscription), and etc.o Gobernadorcillos were assisted by 3 supernumeraries or inspectors

o

Barrio government rested on cabeza de barangay whose role is tocollect taxes and contributions

XII. THE AMALGATION (COMBINATION) OF CHURCH AND STATEo Revolucionarios pointed oput the catholic instituons meddling on the

stateo Malolos Constitution innovated the speartaion of Church adn Satte

o Doroteo Cortes – first to open anti-firar demonstration

Marcelo del Pilar stressed out the Philippine situation in that time as “ la soberania

monocal” (monastic

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(History) Chapters 5