ELDER SOPHISTS - used the term “techne” to refer the process of applying knowledge systematically to the practical art of instruction. They formulated cognitive rules, systematically analyzed subject matter designed instructional technologies and devised effective instructional materials.

PIERRE ABELARD - introduced a technology of instruction which was really a new method of structuring and presenting materials that helped set the style of scholastic education during the Middle Age Advent of Scholastic Philosophy.

Comenius, Pestalozzi, Froebel, Herbart, and Montessori - contributed their own concepts on educational technology improving on the educative process.

Johann Amos Comenius - the pioneer of modern instructional technology by reason of his book Orbis Pictus ( The World in Picture) which was an illustrated textbook for children studying Latin and the sciences.

Edward Thorndike and John Dewey - formulated the scientific theory of learning and the scientific method, respectively. Thorndike gave emphasis to the use empirical investigation as a basis for an organized process of learning. On his part, Dewey introduced a method of instruction in terms of scientific method in broad terms.

19th century - paved in the advent of effective technological development, including the production of textbook, use of blackboards, and improvements in writing implements like pen and ink. Photography was invented giving to a movement called “visual instruction”

By 1926 - educational films were used as instructional media

In 1932 - the first instructional Television program was aired at the State University of Iowa - the 16 min sound motion picture was developed and this served as the educational workhorse during the audio-visual movement of the time.

During World War II, the U.S. government encouraged the implementation of technology of instruction for military training programs. This gave impetus to a systems approach to instruction to include: micro-teaching, individualized instruction, language laboratories, behavioral objectives, computer-assisted instruction, among others