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8/13/2019 History of Muslim Medicine
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-of-muslim-medicine 1/21
Muslim
8/13/2019 History of Muslim Medicine
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/history-of-muslim-medicine 2/21
Islam: A brief history
• When: 622 CE
• Where: Arabian peninsula
• Who: Muhammad
• How: Revelation of the Quran by
Angel Gabriel
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Islam: A brief profile
• Definition: “Surrender”
• Diety: Allah
• Sacred texts: Quran and
Sunnah
• Prophet: Muhammad
• Central teaching: "There
is no god but Allah;Muhammad is his
prophet.“ (Shahadah)
• Core practices: Five
Pillars – Prayer, Fasting,
Pilgrimage, Giving of
alms• Place of worship:
Mosque
• Holy grounds: Mecca
(Ka'bah)
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Stages of the development of
medicine within the Islamic
civilization
1. Collection and translation of medical
knowledge from Greeks, Persians, Assyrian
Syrians, Indians and Byzantines
2. Elaboration and expansion of medical
knowledge through experience, exploration,
experimentations, testings and practice
3. Preservation of knowledge through writing
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HEALTHY SOCIETY
• Cleanliness
• clarification of harmful things
•
awareness to one’s body and health – considered among the characters of faith
• emphasis on a system of medication and
protection against illnesses
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Traditional Islamic Medicine
– known through the Prophet’s narration
• “May Allah send blessings and peace upon him”
– obligation to take care of the sick
– Concept of quarantine
• Quran and the Hadith
- lay down guidelines for holistic approach to health – " Allah did not create a disease for which He did not also create a
cure.“
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Alternative Medication
• Black Seed
• Honey
• Olive Oil
• Dates
• Zamzam water
• Siwak
• Moderation in diet
• Adequate sleep
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MEDIEVAL ISLAMIC MEDICINE
• integrated with natural science, astrology,alchemy, religion, philosophy and mathematics
• strongly influenced by Galen and Hippocratesclosely followed by the Greek and Romanphysicians and scholars
• produced some of the greatest medical thinkersin history
• made advances in surgery
• built hospitals
• welcomed women into the medical profession
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MEDIEVAL ISLAMIC DRUGS AND
REMEDIES
• Mercuric chloride
• Poppy
•
Hemp• Fennel
• Garlic
• Willow
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NOTABLE PEOPLE
1. Al Razi (Rhazes)
• Father of Medicine
• wrote over 200 books
• promoting experimentation
and observation
• doctor-patient relationshipbuilt upon trust
• believed in holistic
approach and medicalhistory of patient
• concept of symptoms
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NOTABLE PEOPLE2. Ibn Sina (Avicenna)
•started his education with Quran
• become a famous physician by
the age of 17
• wrote The Canon of Medicine
– largest, most famous and most
important of his works
– encyclopedia of medicine
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NOTABLE PEOPLE3. Al-Zahrawi (Albucasis)
•considered one of the early leading “plasticsurgeon”
• wrote The Method of Medicine ( At-Tasrif
liman 'Ajiza 'an at-Ta'lif )
• first work in diagramming surgical
instruments
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GREAT MUSLIM PHYSICIANS
• status of medical personnel in society is very
high
• closest among their people to the caliph or
ruler
• even became trustworthy ministers and
scholars
• must be well aware of the diseases of the
heart and the soul and how to treat them
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BIMARISTAN
• “house of the sick ” hospital – bimar : disease
– stan: place
• Zakat Tax
• educated physicians ontutorage basis
• had record keeping
• did outreach programs to
cure and to study illnesses• female
doctors/midwives/nursesare preferred
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MEDICAL PRACTICES
• surgery
– no operations done deep within the body
– from Greek and Roman texts
– not done outside the hospital
• cauterization
– prevent infection and bleeding of wounds
– done using a heated metal rod
• bloodletting
• treatment of cataracts and trachoma
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CAUSES OF DISEASES
• according to Muslim physicians
• accumulation of excess substances in the body
•
overeating• improper food choice
• unhealthy habits
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TWELVE ISLAMIC MEDICAL DISCOVERIES
THAT CHANGED THE WORLD
• 1. Infectivity of certain diseases
• 2. Anatomical dissection of animals
•
3. Alcohol and anti-septic agents• 4. Anaesthetic sponge and/or opium liquids
• 5. Surgical Instruments (purpose-designed)
• 6. Surgical exploration of abdominalcavity (Laparotomy)
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• 7. Midwifery
• 8. Apothecary: Muslims developed the science
of chemistry as applied to medicine
• 9. Physiology of Blood circulation
• 10. Immunisation against smallpox
• 11. Qualifying Medical
Examinations and Clinical Bed-side Teaching
• 12. Arabic Numerals, system of decimal
fractionations, and system of units