Russia 800-1300s Modern Russians, decedents from the Slavic
people, settled near present day Ukraine Settled area called Kievan
Rus Prospered trading between Scandinavia and the Byzantines
Converted to Eastern Orthodox in A.D. 988 During the 1200 s the
Mongols lead by Genghis Khan conquer basically all of Asia, and
most of Europe, including Kievan Rus
Slide 3
Genghis Khan and his Empire
Slide 4
Russia 1300s - 1500s Kiev lost most of its power, many Slavs
moved north to get away from Mongols They build a small trading
post, Moscow and inside the new territory of Muscovy. Ivan III,
prince of Muscovy will begin to reject the Mongols rule, and
declare independence Ivan III (known as Ivan the Great) and his
territory of Muscovy gains independence in 1480
Slide 5
Ivan III (Ivan the Great Dark Green Muscovy 1480 Light Green
What Ivan took over during his reign
Slide 6
Russia 1500-1600s Muscovy/Russia continues to grow after Ivan
the Great 1547 Ivan IV declares himself Czar, uses secret police to
carry out his will, conquers neighboring territories, expands to
the Caspian Sea and past the Ural Mountains. Ivan IV (known as Ivan
the Terrible) used violence, including killing his own son in an
argument, used fear to gain and remain in power
Slide 7
Ivan the Terrible
Slide 8
Russia 1600s 1800s Russia continues to grow after Ivan the
Terrible Late 1600s, Peter the Great expands Russia westward
towards Europe Moves capital to major port on European side Names
it St. Petersburg (not after himself ), mirrors it after European
cities of trade Catherine the Great rules shortly after Peter,
continues building and expanding, soon Russia expands from Europe
to the Pacific Ocean During this time Muscovy changes name to
Russia, albeit not abruptly
Slide 9
Dark Green Ivans expansion during his 40 years in power Light
Green Expansion under Peter the Great and later Catherine the
Great
Slide 10
Peter the Great St. Petersburg
Slide 11
Russia 1600s 1800s Despite its size and power, Russia did not
go through the Renaissance, Reformation, Enlightenment, or any
other ideological breakthroughs that Europe did. For all tense and
purposes, Russia was still stuck in the 13oos, even though it was
in the early 1900s. No industry, still used serfs/peasants Czars
had absolute power, a European idea that had was now all but
extinct
Slide 12
Russia 1800s - 1917 Russian citizens remained poor and hungry
Despite being backwards, had success defeating Napoleon's French
invasion by using its size Joined WWI, but lost millions of
soldiers and citizens starved as the country ran out of money and
food Russia pulls out of WWI in 1917, and revolted and forced Czar
Nicholas II to step down
Slide 13
Russian Revolution, Rise of Communism Vladimir Lenin leads a
second revolution (shortly after the first), and establishes a
communist state, where the government controls economy and society
Renames nation to Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, which
includes 15 different nations and ethnic groups. Lenins goal, to
make all citizens equal, he stated that the rich owned too
much
Slide 14
Vladimir Lenin Soviet Union 1920s (after revolution)
Slide 15
Soviet Union After Lenins death, Joseph Stalin takes over, and
continues Lenins goals, only stricter and more violently, and from
here until 1980s, all other dictators will take a violent approach,
removing basic freedoms from its people (speech, press/media,
ideas, etc). Stalin used secret police to enforce his will Banned
religion and religious practices
Slide 16
Joseph Stalin In power from 1922 1952
Slide 17
Soviet Union under Stalin WWII, Soviet Union sides with Allies
(U.S., U.K., France) to fight Germany and Axis Powers after a
non-aggressive pact with Hitler fails Lost between 20-30 million
soldiers/civilians (Stalin had many of his own civilians killed)
After WWII, Stalin kept Eastern Europe under his control, to
prevent any future invasions into the main part of the Soviet
Union
Slide 18
Soviet Union Under Stalin Combined farms into a
collectivization, which are large farms ruled by the government and
it chooses what to grow This allowed to have more people work in
industry, to industrialize the nation, build factories quickly, and
begin producing Farms struggled without competition Industries
succeeded, and Soviet Union will become Industrialized but only
because the amount of workers (still no competition, no
motivation)
Slide 19
European Soviet Bloc Countries
Slide 20
Soviet Union This struggle over Europe, caused the U.S. to
become involved The Cold War breaks out Cold War refers to when two
or more countries have major tensions, but are not fighting at the
time, if they were, we would call it hot Soviet Union controls the
Soviet Bloc nations (Eastern Europe), called Warsaw Pact, up
against the U.S.s NATO (Western Europe, U.S., Canada) Berlin Wall
is dividing line, and is put up in Berlin Germany, becomes symbol
of the Cold War
Slide 21
Berlin Wall Literally divides city in half, East Berlin is
Soviet, West Berlin is NATO Illegal to cross from East to West
Berlin
Slide 22
Soviet Union 1940s-1990s Cold War continues, small wars are
fought, but not between each other directly, but instead through
nations aligned with the Soviet Union and the U.S. (ex. Korean War,
Vietnam War) Nations almost go to nuclear war a couple of times,
most notably Cuban Missile Crisis 1960s U.S. and Soviet Union begin
a space race, then later an arms race, building nuclear weapons
This causes the Soviet Union to go bankrupt, food shortages, oil
shortages, gas shortages, etc.
Slide 23
Soviet Union Weakens People become upset over shortages, and as
media begins to leak into the Soviet Union, people begin to realize
their lack of freedoms Mikhail Gorbachev tries to change the Soviet
Union Glasnost Soviets can say or write what they want without fear
of punishment Perestroika Allowing owners more freedom to make
economic decisions People begin to doubt communism, protests begin
throughout the Soviet Union, and communism falls in 1991 along with
the tearing down of the Berlin Wall
Slide 24
Berlin Wall Falls
Slide 25
Communism Falls European Eastern Bloc nations breakaway
Gorbachev steps down, Boris Yeltsin takes over and tries to reform
Russia back into a democracy, giving people rights again Communists
try one last time to take over, but fails, the Soviet Union will be
officially over in 1991 Yeltsin begins to build a market economy
and privatization (where the people are in control)
Slide 26
Brief Russia Today Yeltsin steps down, Vladimir Putin is
elected in 2000, and has since put more control back into
government Putin was a former Soviet KGB, or secret police) Ethnic
groups continue to try and break away, only to have Russia fight
back, leading to bloody conflicts (ex. Chechnya, Georgia- Ossetia,
which is near Sochi)