history of solid waste

8/20/2019 history of solid waste

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SOLID WASTE IN HISTORY

Prepared by:

Engr. Ma. Cristina Macawile


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All creatures constantlymake decisions about

what to use and what tothrow away

food

waste


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... what to use andwhat to throw away ...


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A tale of two barges As the coastal cities of the

young United States grew tometropolitan regions, thedisposal of municipal refuse

was expediently achieved byloading up large barges,transporting them somedistance from shore andshoveling the garbage into thewater.

Complaints : Some of therefuse floated back to theshore


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A tale of two barges The year was 1987.

The Mobro had been loaded inNew York with municipal solidwaste and found itself nowhere to

discharge the land , and oceandisposal was now illegal.

The barge was towed from port toport, with six states and threecountries rejecting the captain’splead to offload its unwantedcargo.

Mobro is a story of anentrepreneurial enterprise gonesour.


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A tale of two barges An Alabama businessman, Lowell Harrelson, wanted to construct a

facility for converting municipal refuse to methane gas.

He recognized that baled refuse would be the best form of refuse for

that purpose.

He purchased the bales of municipal solid waste from New York Cityand was going to find landfill somewhere in the East Coast or inCarribean where he could deposit the bales and start making themachines.

Unfortunately he did not get the proper permit for bringing refuse intovarious municipalities.

Harrelson finally had to burn his investment in a Brooklyn incinerator.


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Today,

Today, we manage the

discards of society withengineering skill atreasonable cost and

at minimal risk to thepublic.


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Environmental Engineering Environmental engineering developed during the last

60 years as a major engineering discipline

It is now established as an equal alongside suchmajor engineering fields as civil, chemical, andmechanical and electrical engineering.

Jobs for environmental engineer continue to increase,and there is no sign that this will slow down.


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SOLID WASTE IN HISTORY When humans

abandoned nomadic lifeat around 10,000 BCthey began to live incommunities, resultingin the mass production

of solid waste.


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The cities in theMiddle Ages in

Europe, pigs andother animalsroamed thestreets andwastewater wasdumped out ofwindow ontopassengers.


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SOLID WASTE IN HISTORY In the Indus valley, the city of Mahenjo

Daro had houses with rubbish chutes

(200 BC - 1800 BC)

In the Indian subcontinent-Harappa and

Punjab – had toilets and drain


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SOLID WASTE IN HISTORY 2100 BC - The cities on the island of

Crete had trunk sewers connecting

homes.

800 BC – Old Jerusalem had sewers

and a primitive water supply.


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SOLID WASTE IN HISTORY 500 BC – In Athens, a law was passed to

require all waste material to be depositedmore than a mile out of town becausethe piles of rubbish next to the city wallsprovided an opportunity for invaders toscale up and over the walls.

200 BC – The cities in China had “sanitary police” whose job it was toenforce waste disposal laws.


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SOLID WASTE IN HISTORY 14 AD – Rome developed a waste

collection program

1300 – the black death, reduced thepopulation in cities and alleviated the

waste problem


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1840’s - The Great Sanitary Awakening wasspearheaded by a lawyer Edwin Chadwick (1800 -1858), argued that there was a connection betweendisease and filth.

1800’s A public health physician John Snow (1813 – 1858)

suspected that that the water supply from the Broad Streetpump was contaminated and was the cause of the cholera

epidemic. He removed the handle and prevented people from drinking

the contaminated water thus stopping the cholera epidemicand ushering the public health revolution.


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1874 – The first organized municipal recyclingprogram was attempted in Baltimore

1657 - The residents of New Amsterdam ( presentNew York) forbade the throwing of garbage intostreets but the cleanliness of street was still theresponsibility of the individual homeowners.

1866 – 200 years after the first attempt at cleaningup the streets, the Metropolitan Board of Health inNew York declared war on trash, forbidding thethrowing of garbage or dead animals into street.


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A typical horsedrawn solid wastecollection vehicle


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1887 – The first incinerator was built on Governor’s Island inNew York.

1934 – The fouling of beaches force the passage of federal

legislation, making the dumping of municipal refuse intothe sea illegal .

1935 – The first hole in the ground that was periodicallycovered with dirt, a precursor of today’s modern landfill wasstarted in California.

1959 – The American Society of Civil Engineers published thefirst engineering guide to sanitary landfilling, whichincluded the compaction of the refuse and the placement of adaily cover to reduce odor and vermin such as rats andbuzzards.


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1908 – paper cupsreplace tin cups in

vending machine

1913 – corrugated

cardboard becomespopular aspackaging


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1924 – Kleenex facial tissuesare first marketed

1935- first beer can ismanufactured

1944 – Dow Chemicalinvents Styrofoam


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Today,

In today’s cities solidwaste is removed an

either is sent to disposalor is reprocessed forsubsequent use.


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Activity

Essay,

Bond paper short

handwritten

Discuss the economic impact of solid wastegeneration and solid waste management in

the Philippines.

Documents

history of solid waste