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HISTORY OF THE FIGURE IN ART. Throughout history, human figures have appeared in drawings, paintings, sculpture, and other art forms. The figure in art has changed as human needs and artistic expression evolved. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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HISTORY OF THE FIGUREIN ART
Throughout history, human figures have appeared in
drawings, paintings, sculpture, and other art forms.
The figure in art has changed as human needs and artistic expression
evolved.
• In the beginning figures in art were used only for communication and religious purposes.
• Later, portraits of important people, and then the middle class, became popular.
• After the invention of the camera, figures in art became very creative and expressive.
PREHISTORIC FIGURES
• Line drawings of figures, similar to “stick figures.”
• Told stories and communicated before written language.
ANCIENT EGYPTIAN FIGURES(5000 BC-300 AD)
• Figure drawings were flat looking, with heads and feet in profile, while the body faced forward.
• Most important figures were shown larger than others.
Profile head
Forward facing torso
Profile legs & feet
PRE-COLUMBIAN FIGURES(1800 BC-1500 AD)
• Figures were mostly stylized sculptures.
• Represented gods and other deities for worship and ceremonies.
Figure Drawings on a Codex
ANCIENT GREEKAND ROMAN FIGURES
(500 BC-500 AD)
• Figures were often used in storytelling, especially mythology.
Storytelling on Ceramic Vases & Urns
Figures from
Mythology
Medusa Apollo & Hercules
Zeus
Poseidon
Hermes
ANCIENT GREEKAND ROMAN FIGURES
(500 BC-500 AD)
• Drawings were still flat looking, but sculptures were very realistic.
Very realistic figure sculpture
Eyes were blank or hollow “Windows to the Soul”
ANCIENT GREEKAND ROMAN FIGURES
(500 BC-500 AD)
• Figure sculptures showed the classical “contrapposto” pose and realistic looking drapery.
“Contrapposto” Pose
Realistic looking drapery
MIDDLE AGES FIGURES(400-1500)
• Figures were beginning to develop a little more in form.
• Used in picturing religious and medieval scenes.
Lack of Perspective
Old looking children
Mosaics & Tapestries
Illuminated Manuscripts
RENAISSANCE FIGURES(1400’s-1500’s)
• With the discovery of perspective, figures had more realistic form.
“School of Athens” by Raphael
“The Pieta” by Michelangelo
RENAISSANCE FIGURES(1400’s-1500’s)
• Figures continued in religious depictions, but also became popular as portraits of the clergy and wealthy patrons.
Jean de Montfort and Marie de Medici
RENAISSANCE FIGURES(1400’s-1500’s)
• In time, portraiture grew to include the middle class, often times using symbolism.
“Georg Gisze,
A German Merchant in
London”by
Holbein the Younger
RENAISSANCE FIGURES(1400’s-1500’s)
• Children became younger looking.
NEOCLASSIC and ROMANTIC FIGURES
(1700’s)
• Portraiture continued to be popular, sometimes including land, house, pet, or other prized possession.
“Robert Andrews and His Wife”by Thomas Gainsborough
“Miss Bowles and Her Dog” by Sir Joshua
Reynolds
Children now looked like their
appropriate young age
NEOCLASSIC and ROMANTIC FIGURES
(1700’s)
• Figure painting and sculpture provided entertainment or delivered an inspirational message.
“Watson and The Shark”by John Singleton Copley
“Napoleon Crossing the
Alps” by
Jacques-Louis David
19th CENTURY FIGURES(1800’s)
• The invention of the camera had a profound effect on art, allowing it to change from realistic to more creative styles, like Impressionism and Post-Impressionism.
• Emphasized brush strokes and lighting to create an “impression” of the moment.
“Mother and Child” by
Mary Cassatt
IMPRESSIONISM
“Lady with a Parasol”
by Claude Monet
IMPRESSIONISM
19th CENTURY FIGURES(1800’s)
• Genre (everyday life) scenes and portraits were popular.
“A Dance at the Moulin de la Galette” by Pierre Auguste Renoir
IMPRESSIONISM
“Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte” by Georges Seurat
POST-IMPRESSIONISM
“Self Portrait with Felt Hat”
byVincent Van
Gogh
POST-IMPRESSIONISM
20TH CENTURY FIGURES
• Monuments were made to immortalize prominent figures in history.
“Lincoln Memorial”by Daniel Chester French
“Mount Rushmore” by Gutzon Borglum
“Iwo Jima” Memorialby Felix de Weldon
20TH CENTURY FIGURES
• Expensive portraits were usually only painted because of prestige.
“Pope John Paul
II” by Nelson Shanks
“Martin Luther King, Jr.” by
BorisChaliapin
20TH CENTURY FIGURES
• Figures were created in a wide variety of art styles, like Abstract, Expressionism, Fauvism, Cubism, Surrealism, and Pop Art.
“Smiling Face”by
Jean Dubuffet
ABSTRACT
“The Bride”by
Marcel DuChamp
ABSTRACT
“Recumbent Figure” by Henry Moore
ABSTRACT
“The Scream” by
Edvard Munch
EXPRESSIONISM
“The Old Guitarist” by Pablo Picasso
EXPRESSIONISM
“Portrait of Matisse”
by Andre Derain
FAUVISM
“Woman”by
Maurice De Vlaminck
FAUVISM
“Weeping Woman”
byPablo Picasso
CUBISM
“The Three Musicians”by Pablo Picasso
CUBISM
“Portrait of Picasso”
by Juan Gris
CUBISM
“Galatea of the Spheres”
bySalvador Dali
SURREALISM
“Golconda” by Rene Magritte
SURREALISM
“Song of Love” by Rene Magritte
SURREALISM
“Labels” by Keith Haring
POP ART
“In the Car” by Roy Lichtenstein
POP ART
“9 Marilyns”
byAndy
Warhol
POP ART