History of the Internet

Wilkes University

Barb Landon

Before 1969

1945- Vannevar Bush publishes his paper on the memex machine.

1957 - USSR launches Sputnik 1958 In response to Sputnik the US forms

Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) within the Dept. of Defense to establish US lead in science and technology applicable to the military.

1960 CRR Licklider publishes his landmark paper, “Man-Computer Symbiosis”

1961 -Leonard Kleinrock, MIT- developed the first paper on packet-switching theory

1962- Licklider and Clark, MIT -concept encompassing distributed social interactions.

Licklider becomes the founding directory for ARPA’s Information Processing Techniques

1965

Paul Baran gets funds from the US Air Force to experiment with block switching network to protect communications during a nuclear war. He withdrew his proposal when the project was shifted to military managers.

ARPA sponsors a study on “cooperative network time-sharing computers”

1966

Larry Roberts at MIT - First ARPANET plan towards cooperative network of time-shared computers

1968

ARAP mails out 140 requests for Proposals to prospective contractors to build the first 4 webmail programs

1969

ARPAnet commissioned for research into networking. The first nodes were UCLA, Stanford, University of California, and the University of Utah. The computers were Honeywell 516 mini computers with 12K of memory.

The first message was sent between UCLA and SRI which was also the first crash.

1970

One of the early computer networking designs, the ALOHA network was created at the University of Hawaii , under the leadership of Norman Abramson and others. The idea was to use low-cost ham radio-like systems to create a computer network linking the far-flung campuses of the University

1971

15 nodes (23 hosts): UCLA, Stanford, University of California, University of Utah, SRI,BBN, MIT, RAND, SDC, Harvard, Lincoln Lab, UIU, CWRU, CMU,NASA

1972

International Computer Conference demonstrate communication between 40 machines

InterNetworking Work Group created address for establishing agreed upon protocols, Telnet specifications

1973

First International connection between ARPANET and University of London

Bob Metcalfe’s Harvard PhD Thesis outlines idea for ethernet

File Transfer Protocol (FTP) specifications developed

Network Voice Protocol developed allowing conference calling calls over ARPAnet

1975

Operational management of Internet was transferred to DCA (the defense information system)

1976

Queen Elizabeth sends an email Unix to Unix developed at AT&T Bell

Labs

1981

BITNET (Because It’s Time NETwork) started as a cooperative network at City University of NY, with the first connection to Yale. Provides electronic mail and listserv servers to distribute information

1982

DCA and ARPA establish the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP) as the protocol suite TCP/IP

1983

ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) split into ARPANET and MILNET (Dept. of Defense)

Desktop workstations come into being

1985

Symbolics.com is assigned the first registered domain. Other first:cmu.edu,purdue.edu,rice.edu,ucla.edu,scc.gov,mitre.org

1986

National Science Foundation establishes 5 super-computing centers (Princeton, Pittsburg, University of California, University of Illinois, and Cornell)

1987

Number of hosts breaks 10,000

1988

Nov. 2- Internet Worm burrows through the net affecting 6,000 of the 60,000 host on the Internet

CERT (Computer emergency to the Morris worm.

National Science Foundation backbone was upgraded to a T-1 (was 56K)

1989

Number of hosts breaks 100,000 First relays between commercial email Other countries connecting are Australia

(AU), Germany(DE), Israel (IL), Italy (IT), Japan (JP), Mexico (MX), Netherlands (NL), New Zealand (NZ), Puerto Rico (PR), United Kingdom (UK)

1990

ARPANET ceases to exist Archie is released Countries connecting: Argentina (AR),

Austria (AT), Belgium (BE), Brazil (BR), Chile (CL), Greece (GR), India (IN), Ireland (IE), Korea (KR), Spain (ES), Switzerland (CH)

1991

Gopher released by Paul Lindner and Mark McCahill from the Univ of Minnesota

World Wide Web released by Tim Berners- Lee developer

National Science Foundation network upgraded to T-3 with traffic passing 1 trillion bytes per month and 10 billion packets per month

1992

Internet Society (ISOC) is chartered Number of hosts break 1,000,000 Veronica is released by Univ of Nevada The term :Surfing the Internet is coined

by Jean Armour Polly

1993

Mosaic takes the Internet by storm; WWW proliferates ata 341,634% growth rate of service traffic

Gophers growth is 997%

1994

ARPANET/Internet celebrates 25th anniversary

WWW edges out telnet to become the 2nd most popular service on the Net

1995

National Science Network reverts back to a research network and the main US backbone traffic now routed through interconnected network providers

Real Audio lets the Net hear in near real time Traditional online dial-up companies (Compuserve,

American Online, Prodigy) begin to provide Internet Access

Netscape leads the pack of Net related companies Registration for domain names is no longer free

1996

Internet phones catch the attention of telecommunication companies who ask the US Congress to ban the technology

The WWW browser war, fought primarily between Netscape and Microsoft, has rushed a new age in software development

1997

71,618 mailing lists registered at Liszt, a mailing list directory

1998

Netscape releases source code for its Netscape browser to the public domain

Microsoft releases Windows 98, Months later government orders Microsoft to change Java virtual machine to pass Sun’s Java compatibility

Microsoft is taken to court for anti-trust violations

2008

US has 316 million host The world has 556,147,5151 host

Internet 2

Internet2 is a collaborative project by over 206 U.S. research universities, working with partners in industry and government, to develop a new family of advanced applications to meet emerging academic requirements in research, teaching, and learning.

Types of Malware- (Malicious or unexpected program or code such as viruses, Trojans and droppers)

Trojan- malware that performs unexpected system behavior. It will not duplicate.

Virus- executable code that has the unique ability to replicate. Usually come in email- over 400 a month

Computer worms-stand-alone software and thus do not require other pieces of software to attach themselves to.

A Backdoor is a piece of software that allows access to the computer system, bypassing the normal authentication procedures.

Viruses

1st Virus- Rich Skrenta 1982 The Elk Cloner virus- practical joke

The Brain-1986 Microsoft DOS- left the telephone of their repair shop

Morris-1988 first widespread Melissa-1999 wipe out email Love Bug -2000

Code Red-2001 One of the first network worms that did not require the opening of email

Blaster-2003 Microsoft offers cash rewards to people who help authorities capture and prosecute virus writers

Sasser 2004 -crashed computers making reboot

Spyware

Software installed on a computer that collects information about a user, their computer or browsing habits without the user's informed consent

Easter Egg

Harmless goodies put on software programs by programmers.

http://www.eeggs.com/tree/153.html http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gsv2

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