Hiv Stigma

7/24/2019 Hiv Stigma

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What is HIV-related

Stigma ?

And Its Consequences...


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Background

Definition of stigma

Stigma, Prejudice and Discrimination

Why is HIV/AIDS so Stigmatized

!orms " conse#uences

What can $e do to minimize HIV/AIDS

Stigma

Disscussion


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Media further fueled HIV/AIDS Hysteria.

Open-mouthkissing was apossi!le health

ha"ard#


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$o%ker Se!astian

&a%h wore a shirtin %on%ert

asserting thatAIDS 'ills (ags

Dead.


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In )*+, Surgeon eneral. 0erett 'oop issued

a message to e0ery1.S. household.

In )*+23 4he (DA appro0edA643 the 7rst AIDS drug3 at a%ost of morethan 8)93999 per year3

making it
http://www.thebody.com/content/art6010.html?ic=4001http://www.thebody.com/content/art6010.html?ic=4001


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AIDS A%ti0ism Spurred


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In%reasing HIV ases in;hilippines


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ust a matter of

time?.@


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hat is StigmaB

Historica%%y, stigma has had t$o com&onents'

It(s a mark of an enduringcondition or attri)ute

*he condition is negatively valued)y society

As a conse#uence, those $ith

the condition )ecome

discreditedand disadvantaged.


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Stigma3 ;re>udi%e and

Dis%rimination

+e%ated )ut not synonymous'

Prejudice' An attitude

An individuale-a%uation orjudgment of a grou&

iscrimination' A !ehavior+efers to treatment of

indi-idua%s )ased on theirmem)ershi& in a grou&


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hy is HIV/AIDS so stigmati"edB

Stigma is more intense$hen the conditionis'

. Percei-ed as %etha%and incura)%e

0 Percei-ed to )e theres&onsi)i%ity of the)earer


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4ypes of Stigma

Felt Stigma - the real experience of stigmaas the consequence of a particular condition

Enacted Stigma - overt acts of stigma anddiscrimination

Note: Even a few dramatic and publicenactments of stigma can drastically

increase the perception of felt stigma.


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hat dri0es AIDS StigmaB

Research both in the US andabroad suggests that it'sfueled by two sub-types:

1 Instrumental stigma

- fear of casual transmission

! Symbolic stigma

- pre-existing pre"udice towardthose groups who have beenhardest hit by disease


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AIDS Stigma is not LIMITED

To PLHIV

Courtesy stigma:

Refers to shared stigma by anyone

associated with the condition# even ifuninfected$

%as been reported by family members#care-givers# &(S healthcare wor)ers andanyone else associated with *+&s# even ifnot infected themselves$


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(orms of Stigma in the Health%are

Setting

"eglect

Had to $ait %onger

1ot ha-ing )ed &ans changed

+ecei-ing %ess care/attention

enied careDenied treatment

+eferra% to another &ro-ider/faci%itySenior &ro-ider &ushed c%ient to a junior &ro-ider2unior &ro-ider &ushed c%ient to a senior &ro-ider


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(orms of Stigma in the Health%are

Setting

i##erential treatment

HIV test re#uired )eforecare $as gi-en

HIV test re#uired )efore

schedu%ing surgery3sing g%o-es for non4

in-asi-e e5ams

65tra &recautions insteri%izing instruments

erbal stigma

,ossip about a clients %.status

Scolding or blaming a client

$ac% o# consentHIV testing $ithout

consentDisc%osing HIV status to

fami%y $ithout c%ient7sconsent


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:ample of Stigma in

Health%are& pt was ta)en to the /R with a severe

breathing problem$ +hile in the midst of

emergency treatment# the doctors

discovered that he was %. positive$ 0hey

screamed and "umped away from him#

discontinuing treatment$ 0he patient died

within an hour$ (elhi


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Health onse=uen%es of AIDS

Stigma

!arriers to:

8 "revention8

#reatment8 $esearch8 Care

8 %ental health


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Create &nderstanding:Close the Intention-'ction (ap

2oster understanding andmotivation for stigmareduction by creating:

Recognition of stigma0he benefits of reducing it

Safe space to reflect and

gain s)ills for change


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'ddress )I #ransmission

Fears * %isconceptions

%ow it is and is not transmitted

n-depth information

nteractively: &llow for34es )now that# but why567

8isten# learn 9 respond to specific fears

related to daily living 9 wor) context


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+iscuss and Challenge the ,#aboo

*rovide safe spacesto

discuss# reflect#

understand andquestion:

0he values and beliefs

that underlie stigmaand discrimination

+here they come from6

+hat they do6


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Address the mu%ti&%eintersecting "associated stigmas

of HIVeg' Se5 $orkers,men $ho ha-e se5

$ith men, drug users

+iscuss and Challenge the ,#aboo$7

#ime 'sia


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Immediately 'ctionable Causes8ac) of awareness

2ear of casual contact8in)ing %. with socially 3improper7 behavior

Individual&ddressattitudes

and behaviors

Structural*olicies# laws# and

institutions

Environmentaleet needs for information#

training# and supplies


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Da0id 'ir!y an AIDS a%ti0ist at his death !ed.

Castly?..your HIV patient is >ust like any otherordinary one. eeding of your %are and empathy.

Documents

Hiv Stigma