HM1-424-Class-3

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Theory (Principles of treatments)

Root cause (ben) and manifestations (biao)

Zhengqi and Xieqi

Cause and symptoms

Primary and secondary Internal and external

Root and Manifestation of Disease

Principle:

For acute disorders treat the manifestations first. For chronic disorders treat the root.

Simultaneous treatment of the root and manifestation.

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Normal (zheng) and Contrary (fan) treatment Normal treatment

Contrary treatment

False or misleading symptoms Blockage is treated by blocking (sai yin sai yong)

Too much flow is treated by facilitating flow

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Different treatments for the same disease.

Same treatment for different disease.

Treating disease according to the Season,

Environment and Individual.

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Traditional eight strategies

1. Sweating (han fa)

2. Vomiting (tu fa)

3. Draining Downward (xia fa)

4. Harmonizing (he fa)

5. Warming (wen fa)

6. Clearing (qing fa)

7. Reducing (xiao fa) 8. Tonifying (bu fa)

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1. Sweating (han fa) Exterior excess conditions

Measles and rashes

Acute edema

Wind-dampness caused pain

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2. Vomiting (tu fa) Phlegm in the throat

Phlegm in the chest

Food stagnation

Ingestion of poisons

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4. Harmonizing (he fa) Harmonize the functions of different levels or

organs Lesser yang disorders

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Categories

1. Release the exterior (jie biao ji)

2. Clear heat (qing re ji) 3. Drain downward (xie xia ji)

4. Harmonize (he jie ji)

5. Treat dryness (zhi zao ji)

6. Expel dampness (qu shi ji)

7. Warm interior cold (wen li ji)

8. Tonify (bu yi ji) 9. Regulate qi (li qi ji)

10. Invigorate the blood (huo xue ji)

11. Stop bleeding (zhi xue ji)

12. Stabilize and bind (gu se ji)

13. Calm the spirit (an shen ji)

14. Expel wind (qu feng ji) 15. Open the orifice (kai qiao ji)

16. Treat phlegm (qu tan ji)

17. Reduce food stagnation (xiao dao ji)

18. Expel parasites (qu chong ji)

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7. Reducing (xiao fa) Gradually reduces or eliminates clumping or

accumulation due to stagnation

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Hierarchy of ingredients

Chief (Monarch, King or emperor): The ingredient is directed against, and has the greatest effect upon, the

principal pattern or diseases It is absolutely indispensable to the formula

Deputy (Minister, associate): Aids the chief ingredient in treating the principal pattern or disease

Serves as the main ingredient directed against a coexisting pattern ordisease

Assistant (adjutant): Reinforce the effect of the chief or deputy ingredients, or directly treats a less

important aspects of the pattern or diseasehelpful assistant (zuo zhu)

Moderates or eliminates the toxicity of the chief or deputy ingredients, ormoderates their harsh propertiescorrective assistant (zuo zhi)

Has an effect that is opposite that of the chief ingredient and is used in veryserious and complex disordersopposing assistant (zuo fan)

Envoy (messenger, guide, conductant): Focuses the actions of the formula on a certain channel or area of the body

(yin jing yao)

Harmonizes and integrates the actions of the other ingredients (tiao he yao)

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Modifications in composition

Modification of dosage Xiao cheng qi tang and hou po si wu tang

Si ni tang and tong mai si ni tang

Modification of the ingredients The primary action and chief ingredient do not change, Minor

ingredients are added or subtracted, gui zhi tang and gui zhi jiahou po xing zi tang

The chief ingredient remains the same, other ingredients arechanged, the action of the formulas is also changed, zuo jin wanand jiao tai wan

An alteration in the ingredients changes the formula so

fundamentally that its character, hierarchy and actions arecompletely different. ma huang tang and ma xing shi gan tang

Modification of the form of administration

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Methods of delivery

Decoctions (tang) Container for decoction

earthenware

Process of decoction

Herbs needing special decoction Decocted first (xian jian): fu zi, shi jue ming, long gu, bie jia

Added near end (hou xia): bo he, sha ren, huo xiang, pei lan

Decocted in gauze (bao jian): xuan fu huan, che qian zi, chi shi zhi

Separately decocted or simmered (ling jian or ling dun): ren shen, xi yang shen, lurong

Dissolved in the strained decoction (rong hua or yang hua): e jiao, yi tang

Taken with the strained decoction (chong fu): chuan bei mu, san qi, zhu li, niuhuang

Pills (wan)

Powders (san)

Special or vermillion pills (dan)

Syrups (tang jiang, gao)

Plasters (gao yao)

Medical Wines (jiu)

Documents

HM1-424-Class-3