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Class 4: Qi Tonics

Xianhui Li

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Introduction of Tonifying Herbs

Definition: These are the herbs that can supplement the substances of the

body, improve functional activities, enhance the resistance abilityof the human body and relieve the syndromes of deficiencytypes

Classification: Qi tonics, yang tonics, blood tonics and yin tonics

Attention: Due to the mutual supplementary effect between yin and yang,

qi and blood, their tonics are often used together

Not suggested for patients with excess pattern Improper use of these herbs may cause damage

Protect the spleen and stomach or use the herbs that canpromote digestion

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Qi Tonics

Qi deficiency:

Mainly related to the spleen and the lung

Applications:

Qi deficiency

Used as assistance for blood deficiency

Herbs that can promote flow of qi should

be used properly when there are thesymptoms of stagnation of qi due to qitonics

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Herbs

Radix Ginseng (Ren Shen) MM: pp 710-714

Radix Codonopsis (Dang Shen) MM: pp 714-717

Sclerotium Poriae (Fu Ling) MM: pp 267-271

Rhizoma Atractylodes macrocephalae (Bai Zhu) MM: pp 726-730

Radix Glycirrhizae (Gan Cao) MM: pp 732-735

Pericarpium Citri (Chen Pi) MM: pp 510-514 Tuber Pinelliae (Ban Xia) MM: pp 413-418

Radix Saussureae (Mu Xiang) MM: pp 529-533

FructusAmomi (Sha Ren) MM: pp 479-481

Semen Dolichoros (Bai Bian Dou)

Semen Nelumbinis (Lian Zi) MM: 879-881 Semen Coicis (Yi Yi Ren) MM: 275-277

Radix Platycodi (Jie Geng) MM: pp 429-432

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Ren Shen (Radix Ginseng)

(Bai Shen, Hong Shen, Ye Shan Shen, Ji

Lin Shen) Categories: tonifying qi

Taste and property:sweet, slightly bitter, slightly warm

Meridian Tropism: Lung and spleen

Actions:Drastically tonify the primordial qi, supplement the spleen and thelung, promote production of body fluid to quench thirst, calm the mind andimprove intelligence

Applications: Collapse of qi: Du Shen Tang or Shen Fu Tang

Spleen qi deficiency: Si Jun Zi Tang

Lung qi deficiency: Short breath, lassitude, asthma on slight movement, weakpulse and spontaneous sweating, Ren Shen Hu Tao Tang

Thirst and diabetes due to impairment of body fluid: Bai Hu Jia Ren Shen Tang,Sheng Mai San (for deficiency of both qi and yin)

Restlessness of the heart spirit marked by insomnia, dream-disturbed sleepcaused by qi deficiency, i.e. Gui Pi Tang (Spleen Heart Tonics)

Blood deficiency or impotence

Dosage:5-10g. It should be decocted with soft fire separately. Powder 1-2g

Attention: Not suggested for excess or heat pattern, Incompatible with LiLu, Wu Ling Zhi, Lai fu zi, Avoid taking tea and radish

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Dang Shen (Radix Salviae

Miltiorrhizae)

Categories: tonifying qi

Taste and Property: Sweet and neutral

Meridian tropism:Lung and spleen

Actions:Tonify the middle jiao, supplement qi and promoteproduction of body fluid and nourish blood

Applications: Deficiency of qi of middle jiao: Often used with Bai Zhu, Fu Ling and

Gan cao

Lung qi deficiency: Used with Huang Qi and Wu Wei Zi, i.e. Bu Fei tang

Short breath with thirst due to impairment of body fluid in febrilediseases

Sallow complexion, dizziness and palpitation due to blood deficiency Itworks by tonifying qi to nourish blood, i.e. Ba Zhen tang

Dosage:10-30g

Attentions:Incompatible with Li Lu

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Fu Ling (Poria, Radix Poria)

Categories: transforming dampness Taste and Property: Sweet, bland and neutral

Meridian Tropism: Heart, spleen and kidney

Actions: Induce diuresis, Strengthen the function of thespleen, Tranquilize the mind

Application: Difficulty in urination, edema or water retention: Being an

important herb, Fu Ling is often used together with Zhu Ling andZe Xie to strengthen the effect of inducing diuresis andeliminating dampness.

Spleen deficiency: Marked by lassitude, poor appetite andloose stool, often used together with Dang Shen, Bai Zhu andGan Cao, i.e. Si Jun Zi Tang

Palpitation and insomnia: Often used together with Zhu Sha,Suan Zao Ren and Yuan Zhi

Dosage: 10-15g

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Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodes

Microcephone) Categories: tonifying qi

Taste and property:Bitter, sweet and warm Meridian tropism:Spleen and stomach

Actions:Tonify qi, strengthen the spleen, dry dampness, stop sweating andcalm the fetus

Applications: Spleen qi deficiency: Used with Ren Shen, Fu Ling and Gan Cao, i.e. Si Jun Zi

Tang

Spleen deficiency cold: Used with Dang Shen, Gan Jiang and Zhi Gan Cao: LiZhong Wan

Spleen deficiency with retained food: Used with Zhi Shi, Zhi Zhu Wan

Spleen deficiency with retention of dampness marked by phlegm and retainedwater: Ling Gui Zhu Gan Tang for phlegm, used with Chen Pi, Da Fu Pi and FuLing Pi for edema

Spleen qi deficiency marked by spontaneous sweating, used with Huang Qi, and

Fu Xiao Mai Restlessness of fetus due to spleen deficiency: Used with different herbs for

different types

Dosage:5-15g. Used raw for drying dampness and inducing diuresis, stir-fried for supplementing spleen qi and stir-fried to yellow for diarrhea due tospleen deficiency

Attentions:This herb tends to impair yin because it has a dry property, so it

is applicable only to the spleen deficiency with dampness

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Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhiziae) Categories: tonifying qi

Taste and Property: Sweet and neutral Meridian Tropism:Heart, spleen, lung and stomach

Actions:Supplement the spleen qi, moisten the lung to relieve cough, relax spasm torelieve pain and harmonize functions of other herbs

Applications: Weakness of the spleen and stomach marke by short breath, lassitude and loose stools:

Used with ren Shen, Bai Zhu and Fu Ling, i.e. Si Jun Zi Tang

Cough and asthma: Used with Ma Huang and Xing Ren (San Ao Tang) for that caused by

wind cold. Used with Sheng Shi gao (Ma Xing Shi gan Tang) for that caused by stagnatedheat in the lung

Carbuncles or food or drug poisoning Sore throat: Jie Geng tang

Carbuncles: Jin Yin Hua and Pu Gong Ying

Food or drug poisoning: Used alone or with Liu Dou (green Bean)

Spasm of abdomen or limbs: Abdominal pain due to deficiency cold of the spleen and stomach: Used with Gui Zhi, Shao Yao and Yi

Tang, Xiao Jiang Zhong Tang

Spasm of limbs due to deficiency of ying blood: Shao Yao Gan Cao Tang

Harmonize functions of other herbs Used with Fu Zi and Gan Jiang: Prevent yin impairment

Used with Shi Gao and Zhi Mu: Reduce the cold nature of these two herbs

Used with Da Huang and Mang Xiao: Slow the purging effect

Dosage:2-10g. Used raw for clearing heat and removing toxic materials and afterstir-fried for tonifying the middle jiao

Attention:Large dosage of gan Cao may cause edema

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Ban Xia (Pinellia Rhizome) Categories: Warm Herbs that Transform Phlegm-Cold

Taste and Property: Pungent, warm and toxic

Meridian Tropism: Spleen, stomach and lung

Actions: Dry dampness to dissolve phlegm, lower rising of the stomach qi to relievevomiting and disperse stagnancy and dissipate nodules

Applications: Much phlegm with cough and dyspnea due to accumulation of phlegm following failure of the

spleen to transform water: This herb serves as an important herb for damp phlegm, often

used with Chen Pi and Fu Ling, i.e. Er Chen Tang. For cold phlegm used with Xi Xin andGan Jiang additionally, while for hot phlegm, used with Huang Qin, Zhi Mu and Gua Louadditionally.

Nausea or vomiting due to rising of the stomach qi: Mainly used to treat vomiting due toretention of cold water, used with Sheng Jiang, I,e, Xiao ban Xia Tang

For vomiting due to stomach deficiency: Used with Ren Shen and Bai Mi

For vomiting due to stomach heat: Huang Lian and Zhu Ru

For morning sickness: Su Geng and Sha Ren

Obstructing feeling in the chest with vomiting due to interlocking of phlegm heat: Used withHuang Lian and Gua Lou, i.e. Xiao Xian Xiong Tang

Globus Hystericus : With Hou Po, Su Ye an Fu Ling: Ban Xia Hou Pu Tang

Goiter or scrofula: With Zhe Bei, Kun Bu and Hai Zao

Dosage: 5-10g

Attentions: Incompatible with Wu Tou, being warm and dry, this herb should be usedwith a great care for dry cough due to yin deficiency, bleeding and hot phlegm

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Ju Pi (Chen Pi, tangerine peel,

Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae)

Categories: Herbs that regulate the qi Taste and Property: Pungent, bitter and warm

Meridian Tropism: Spleen and lung

Actions: Regulate flow of qi, harmonize function of the middle jiao, drydampness and dissolve phlegm

Applications:

Stagnation of qi in the spleen and stomach marked by fullness in the abdomenand epigastrium, eructation, vomiting or nausea Fullness and pain in the epigastrium or abdomen, often used with Zhi Ke and Mu Xiang

Nausea or vomiting: Used with Sheng Jiang, i.e. Ju Pi Tang

Vomiting with phlegm heat manifestations: Used with Zhu Ru and Huang Lian

Abdominal pain and diarrhea due to liver qi attacking the spleen: Used with Bai Zhu, BaiShao and Fang Fengm i.e. Tong Xie Yao Fang

Indigestion due to deficiency of the spleen qi, used with Dang Shen, Bai Zhu and Zhi

Gan Cao, i.e. Yi Gong Sang Dampness obstructing in the middle jiao marked by stuffiness in the chest and

abdominal fullness, poor appetite, lassitude, loose stool, thick tongue coating,also for cough, profuse sputum.

For the former, it is used with Cang Zhu and Hou Po, i.e. Ping Wei San.

For the latter, used with Ban Xia and Fu Ling, i.e. Er Chen Tang

Dosage: 3-10g

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Bian Dou (Semen Dolichoris

Lablab)


Taste and Property:Sweet and slightly warm

Meridian Tropism:Spleen and stomach

Actions:Strengthen the spleen to remove dampness

Applications: Spleen deficiency with dampness marked by loose stools,

diarrhea or leukorrhea, i.e. Shen Ling Bai Zhu San

Vomiting or diarrhea due to invasion of summer heat anddampness, used with Xiang Ru and Hou Po, i.e. Xiang Ru San

Dosage:10-20g

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Mu Xiang (Aucklandia root, Radix

Aucklandiae) Categories: regulating qi

Taste and property: Pungent, bitter and warm

Meridian Tropism: Spleen, stomach, large intestine and gallbladder

Actions: Promotes flow of qi, regulates function of the middle jiao andrelieves pain

Applications: Stagnation of qi in the spleen and stomach marked by poor appetite, indigestion,

fullness in the epigastrium and abdomen, borborygmus, diarrhea

Distending pain due to qi stagnation in the epigastrium and abdomen: Used withZhi Ke, Chuan Lian Zi and Yan Hu Suo

Diarrhea due to damp heat: Used with Huang Lian

Failure of the liver to dredge flow of qi due to inability of the spleen to transformand transport marked by distending pain in the hypochondrium, bitter taste in the

mouth, yellow coating or even jaundice, often used with Chai Hu, Yu Jin and ZhiKe, and Da Huang, Yin Chen and Jin Qian Cao

Deficiency of both the spleen qi and the stomach qi: Used with Dang Shen, BaiZhu and Sha Ren, i.e. Xiang Sha Liu Jun Zi Tang

Dosage: 3-10g. Used raw for promote flow of qi and baked for diarrhea

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Sha Ren (Amomum Fruit) Categories: transforming dampness

Taste and Property: Pungent and warm

Meridian: Spleen and stomach

Actions:Remove dampness, Promote flow of qi, Warm up themiddle jiao, Relieve excessive fetal movement

Application: Dampness obstructing in the middle jiao or stagnation of qi in the spleen

and stomach marked by fullness and distending pain in the epigastriumand abdomen, poor appetite, vomiting and diarrhea: Used together withHou Po, Cang Zhu and Bai Dou Kou for dampness obstructing in themiddle jiao, Used with Mu Xiang, Zhi Shi, Bai Zhu for stagnation of bothqi and retained food, i.e. Xiang Sha Zhi Shi Wan, Stagnation of qi due tospleen deficiency: Used together with Dang Shen and Bai Zhu, i.e.Xiang Sha Liu Jun Zi Wan (GI Strength)

This herb has the action of warming up the middle jiao, so it is speciallyeffective for diarrhea due to spleen deficiency, used alone in the form ofpowder or such herbs warming up the middle jiao such as Gan Jiangand Fu Zi.

Morning sickness or excessive fetal movement: This herb works bypromoting flow of qi and harmonizing function of the middle jiao, usedtogether Bai Zhu and Su Geng for Morning sickness or excessive fetalmovement due to stagnation of qi with spleen deficiency.

Dosage: 3-6g. To be decocted later for decoction

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Lian zi (Lotus seed

Semen Nelumbinis) Categories: stabilizing and binding

Taste and property: neutral, sweet, astringent

Meridian tropism: Kidney, Spleen, and heart

Actions: Tonifies Spleen and stops diarrhea, Tonifies Kidney andstabilizes essence, Nourishes blood and calms mind

Applications For spleen deficiency with chronic diarrhea and loss of appetite, this

herb augments and binds, used with ren shen, bai zhu, fu ling, shanyao, i.e. shen ling bai zhu san.

For premature ejaculation and spermatorrhea due to unstable,deficiency kidneys, used with qian shi, sha yuan zi, i.e. jin suo gu jingwan

For palpitations, irritability, anxiety, insomnia, used with suan zao ren,yuan zhi, fu shen,

Also used for excessive uterine bleeding and vaginal discharge

Dosage: 6-15g

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Yi Yi Ren (Coix Seed, Semen Coicis) Categories: draining dampness

Taste and Property: Sweet, bland and slightly cold

Meridian Tropism: Spleen, stomach and lung

Actions: Induce diuresis to eliminate dampness, Strengthen the spleen,Relieve Bi syndrome, Clear away heat and drain pus

Application: Oliguria, edema, beriberi or diarrhea due to spleen deficiency: This herb is

similar in function as Fu Ling, so it is more suitable for exuberance of dampness

due to spleen deficiency. Often used together with the herbs strengthening thefunction of the spleen. Besides, as this herb is slightly cold in nature, it can clearaway damp heat, applicable to stranguria due to damp heat. Single use of theherb is effective for stranguria with stone or sand

Spasm of the tendons and muscles in Bi Syndrome. This herb can bothinduce diuresis and relax tendons and muscles. For pain of the whole body dueto wind dampness, it is used together with Ma Huang, Xing Ren and Gan Cao,i.e. Ma Huang Xing Ren Yi Yi Gan Cao Tang

Lung abscess or intestinal absces: This herb can drain pus to treat abscess inthe interior. For lung abscess, it is used together with Wei Jing, Dong Gua Renand Tao Ren, i.e. Wei Jing Tang. For Intestinal abscess, it is used together withBai Jiang Cao, Dan Pi and Tao Ren.

Dosage:10-30g

This herb is mild in action, so its dosage should be large. When used tostrengthen the function of the spleen, it should be used after stir-fried, while

for other conditions, used raw.

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Jie Geng (Platycodon Root)

Categories: transforming phlegm and stopping cough

Taste and property: Bitter, pungent and neutral

Meridian tropism: Lung

Actions: Open the lung qi, dissolve phlegm and drain pus

Applications

Cough with much phlegm, difficult discharge of the phlegm obstructingfeeling in the chest and diaphragm, sore throat and hoarseness

Cough with much phlegm due to wind cold: Used with Xing Ren, Su Yeand Chen Pi, i.e. Xing Su San

Cough with sore throat and hoarseness due to wind heat: Used withSang ye, Ju Hua and Xing Ren, i.e. Sang Ju Yin

Chets distension due to stagnation of qi and obstruction of phlegm:Used with Zhi Ke and Gua Lou Pi

Lung abscess marked by chest pain, cough with pus and blood: Thisherb can drain pus when used with gan Cao, i.e. Jie Geng Tang. Atpresent It is usually used with Yu Xing Cao, Yi Yi ren, etc.

Dosage: 3-10g

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Formulas

Si Jun Zi Tang, Liu Jun Zi Tang, Xiang

Sha Liu Jun Zi Tang FS: pp 236-238

Er Chen Tang FS: pp 432-433

Shen Ling Bai Zhu San FS: 239-240

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Four-Gentlemen Decoction (si

jun zi tang)


Ingredients:Ren shen, Bai zhu,Fu ling, Gan cao

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Actions and indications of the

formula Actions

Tonify qi and strengthen spleen

Indications Pale complexion, low voice, reduced appetite, loose

stools, weakness in limbs. Pale tongue, thin weakpulse.

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Analysis of Formula

Chief: Ren shen

tonify qi

Deputy: Bai zhu, Fu ling

tonify spleen and drain dampness

Assistant: Zhi gan cao

warm and regulate middle jiao

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Modern application and

modifications Modifications

Liu jun zi Tang: add chen pi, ban xia

Strengthens the spleen, transforms phlegm and stops vomiting

For spleen deficiency and phlegm: loss ofappetite, nausea orvomiting, focal distention and a stifling sensation in the chest and

epigastrium and often coughing of copious thin, white sputum Xiang sha liu jun zi tang: liu jun zi tang add mu xiang, sha ren

Strenghtens the spleen, harmonizes the stomach, regulates the qi,and alleviates pain

For spleen and stomach qi deficiency with damp-cold stagnating inthe middle burner: reduced appetite with a feeling of surfeit aftereating very little, belching, abdominal distention or pain, andsometimes vomiting and diarrhea

Attention: Not for excess pattern

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Shen ling bai zhu san (Ginseng,Poria and Atractylodes

Macrocephala Powder)


Ingredients:Ren shen, Bai zhu, Fuling, Gan cao; shan yao, bai bian dou,lian zi, yi yi ren, sha ren, jie geng

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formula Actions

Tonify qi and strengthen spleen

leach out dampness

stop diarrhea

Indications Loose stool or diarrhea. Pale complexion, low voice,

reduced appetite, weakness in limbs. Pale tongue,thin weak pulse.

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Analysis of Formula

Chief: Si jun zi tang Tonify spleen

Deputy: shan yao, bai bian dou, lian zi, yi yi ren,

sha ren tonify spleen, drain dampness and stop diarrhea

Assistant: Zhi gan cao warm and regulate middle jiao

Envoy: Jie geng disseminate lung qi and help spread nourishment

throughout the body.

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Attention: Not for yin deficiency with heat

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Er Chen tang (Two-Cured

decoction)Categories: treating phlegm

Ingredients:Ban xia, Chen pi (Ju

hong), Fu ling, Gan cao, sheng jiang,wu mei

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formula Actions

Dry dampness, transform phlegm, regulate qiand harmonize the middle jiao

Indications

Cough with copious white sputum that iseasily expectorated, focal distention and astifling sensation in the chest and diaphragm,palpitations, nausea or vomiting, dizziness, a

swollen tongue with a white, thick, greasycoating and a slippery pulse.

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Analysis of Formula

Chief: Ban xia, chen pi Ban xia: dry dampness, expel phlegm, and cause the rebellious

stomach qi descend.

Chen pi: revive spleen and facilitate the flow of qi in the middlejiao.

Deputy: Fu ling Fu ling: tonify spleen and drain dampness

Assistant: Zhi gan cao Regulate middle jiao

Envoy: sheng jiang, wu mei Sheng jiang: control nausea

Wu mei: counterbalance the dispersing tendency of the chiefherb and prevents the dissipation of lung qi

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Attention: Not for Yin deficiency pattern

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HM1-424-Class-4